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HomeMy WebLinkAboutChapter 451 - Noise - Air Conditioning Devices - Residential GENERAL Chapter 451 NOISE - AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES RESIDENTIAL Article 1 INTERPRETATION 451.1.1 Construction-defined 451.1.2 Conveyance-defined 451.1.3 Council-defined 451.1.4 Minister-defined 451.1.5 Ministry-defined 451.1.6 Municipality-defined 451.1.7 Noise-defined 451.1.8 Point of reception-defined 451.1.9 Publication-defined 451.1.10 Quite zone-defined 451.1.11 Residential area-defined 451.1.12 Stationary source-defined 451.1.13 Technical terms-defined Article 2 SOUND LEVEL LIMITATIONS - STATIONARY SOURCES 451.2.1 Emission-exceeding acceptable level-prohibited 451.2.2 Exemption-agricultural equipment 451.2.3 Residential air conditioner 451.2.4 Preemption-less restrictive provision to apply KITCHENER 451.1 DECEMBER 1996 451.1.1 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES 451.1.5 Article 3 ENFORCEMENT 451.3.1 Fine-for contravention Article 4 ENACTMENT 451.4.1 Ministry approval-required Ministry approval-received SCHEDULE Schedule`A' -List of Publications Article 1 INTERPRETATION 451.1.1 Construction-defined "construction"includes erection,alteration,repair,dismantling,demolition, structural maintenance,painting,moving,land clearing,earth moving,grad- ing, excavating, the laying of pipe and conduit whether above or below ground level, street and highway building,concreting, equipment installa- tion and alteration and the structural installation of construction components and materials in any form or for any purpose, and includes any work in connection therewith. 451.1.2 Conveyance- defined "conveyance"includes a vehicle and any other device employed to transport a person or persons or goods from place to place but does not include any such device or vehicle if operated only within the premises of a person. 451.1.3 Council- defined "Council"means the Council of The Corporation of the City of Kitchener. 451.1.4 Minister-defined "Minister"means Minister of Environment and Energy. 451.1.5 Ministry- defined "Ministry"means Ministry of Environment and Energy. DECEMBER 1996 451.2 KITCHENER 451.1.6 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES 451.1.13 451.1.6 Municipality-defined "municipality" means the land within the geographic limit of the City of Kitchener. 451.1.7 Noise-defined "noise"means unwanted sound. 451.1.8 Point of reception-defined "point of reception" means any point on the premises of a person where sound originating from other than those premises is received. 451.1.9 Publication- defined "publication"means a specified publication of the Ministry of Environment and Energy which is named in Schedule W, a copy of every publication which is named in Schedule`A'is hereby made part of this Chapter. 451.1.10 Quite zone-defined "Quiet Zone means those areas of the municipality specified as follows: (a) all hospitals and lands appurtenant thereto; (b) all nursing homes and lands appurtenant thereto. 451.1.11 Residential area-defined "residential area" means those residential areas of the municipality zoned R-1,R-2,R-3,R4,R-5,R-6,R-7,R-8 and R-9 from time to time by the City of Kitchener Zoning By-law 85-1, as amended. 451.1.12 Stationary source-defined "stationary source"means a source of sound which does not normally move from place to place and includes the premises of a person as one stationary source,unless the dominant source of sound on those premises is construc- tion or a conveyance. 451.1.13 Technical terms-defined In this Chapter all the words which are of a technical nature and are related to sound shall have the meanings specified for them in Publication NPC-101 - Technical Definitions. By-law 96-5, 15 January, 1996. KITCHENER 451.3 DECEMBER 1996 451.2.1 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES 451.4.1 Article 2 SOUND LEVEL LIMITATIONS - STATIONARY SOURCES 451.2.1 Emission-exceeding acceptable level-prohibited No person shall emit or cause or permit the emission of sound from a station- ary source such that the level of sound from that source at the point ofrecep- tion located in a Quiet Zone or a Residential Area, exceeds the applicable sound level imit prescribed in publication NPC-205- Sound Level Limits for Stationary Sources in Class I & 2 Areas (Urban). By-law 96-30, 26 February, 1996. 451.2.2 Exemption-agricultural equipment Section 451.2.1 does not apply to any equipment,apparatus or device used in agriculture for food crop seeding,chemical spraying or harvesting. 451.2.3 Residential air conditioner No person shall emit or cause or permit the emission of sound from the oper- ation of a residential air conditioning device of a type referred to in Publica- tion NPC-216-Residential Air Conditioning Devices,resulting in a sound level at a point of reception located in a Quiet Zone or Residential Area in ex- cess of the applicable sound level limit set out in Publication NPC-216 - Residential Air Conditioning Devices. 451.2.4 Preemption-less restrictive provision to apply Where a source of sound is subject to Sections 451.2.1 through 451.2.3 in- clusive,the less restrictive provisions shall prevail. Article 3 ENFORCEMENT 451.3.1 Fine-for contravention Every person who contravenes any provisions of this Chapter is guilty of an offence and is liable,upon conviction,to a fine not exceeding Five Thousand Dollars($5,000),exclusive of costs,for each offence,and every such fine is recoverable under the Provincial Offences Pict. Article 4 ENACTMENT 451.4.1 Ministry approval-required This by-law comes into force on the day it is approved by the Minister ofEn- vironment and Energy. DECEMBER 1996 451.4 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES Ministry approval-received Approval of By-law 96-5,as amended,was received July 10,1996,from the Minister of Environment and Energy.Approval No. 54572. KITCHENER 451.5 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES SCHEDULE Schedule`A' -List of Publications Publication NPC-101 Technical Definitions Publication NPC-102 Instrumentation Publication NPC-103 Procedures Publication NPC-104 Sound Level Adjustments Publication NPC-205 Sound Level Limits for Stationary Sources in Class 1 & 2 Areas(Urban) Publication NPC-206 Sound Levels due to Road Traffic Publication NPC-216 Residential Air Conditioning Devices By-law 96-30,26 February, 1996; Schedule `A'. DECEMBER 1996 451.6 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES PUBLICATION NPC-101 Technical Definitions 1. Technical Terminology and Standards The following terminology and standards shall be used for the purposes of any Noise Control By-law enacted pursuant to The Environmental Pro- tection Act and all Publications of the Noise Pollution Control Section of the Pollution Control Branch of the Ministry of the Environment.The def- inition of any technical word used in such By-Law or this or any such Pub- lication and not herein defined shall be the definition appearing in the applicable Publication of the Canadian Standards Association(CSA),the American National Standards Institute(ANSI),the International Organi- zation for Standardization(ISO),the International Electrotechnical Com- mission (IEC), the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), or the Machinery and Equipment Manufacturers Association of Canada (MENAC): (1) Acoustic Calibrator An"Acoustic Calibrator"is an electro-mechanical or mechani- cal device intended for the calibration of sound level meters and meeting the specifications of Publication NPC-102 - Instru- mentation,for Acoustic Calibrators. (2) A-Weighting "A-weighting" is the frequency weighting characteristic as specified in IEC 123 or IEC 179 and intended to approximate the relative sensitivity of the normal human ear to different fre- quencies(pitches)of sound. (3) A-weighted Sound Pressure Level The"A-weighted sound pressure level" is the sound pressure level modified by application of the A-weighting. It is mea- sured in decibels,A-weighted, and denoted dBA. (4) Beating "Beating"is the characteristic of a sound which has an audible cyclically varying sound level,caused by the interaction of two sounds of almost the same frequency. (5) Buzzing Sounds A"buzzing sound" is a sound which is characterized by the presence of a large number of related discrete harmonics in its frequency spectrum.These harmonics together with the funda- mental frequency produce a sound which subjectively is termed a"buzz". Examples are sounds from a buzzer or a chain saw. KITCHENER 451.7 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (6) Decibel The "decibel" is a dimensionless measure of sound level or sound pressure level;see sound pressure level. (7) Effective Sound Pressure The "effective sound pressure" at a point is the root-mean square value of the instantaneous sound pressure, over a time interval, at the point under consideration as detected with a sound level meter meeting the requirements of Publication NPC-102-Instrumentation. (8) Equivalent Sound Level The "equivalent sound level" sometimes denoted L,q, is the value of the constant sound level which would result in expo- sure to the same total A-weighted energy as would the specified time-varying sound,if the constant sound level persisted over an equal time interval.It is measured in dBA. The mathematical definition of equivalent sound level(L,q)for an interval defined as occupying the period between two points in time t and t2 is: L.eq = 10 10g10 2 1 tl j p2(t) dt P2 r where p(t)is the time varying A-weighted sound pressure and pr is the reference pressure of 20 mPa (9) Fast Response "Fast response"is a dynamic characteristic setting of a sound level meter meeting the applicable specifications of Publication NPC-102-Instrumentation. (10) Frequency The"frequency"of a periodic quantity is the number of times that the quantity repeats itself in a unit interval of time.The unit of measurement is hertz(Hz)which is the same as cycles per second. (11) General Purpose Sound Level" A"General Purpose Sound Level Meter"is a sound level meter which meets the specifications of Publication NPC-102 -In- strumentation, for General Purpose Sound Level Meters. DECEMBER 1996 451.8 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (12) Impulse Response "Impulse response" is a dynamic characteristic setting of a sound level meter meeting the specifications of Publication NPC-102-Instrumentation,for Impulse Sound Level Meters. (13) Impulsive Sound An"impulsive sound"is a single pressure pulse or a singleburst of pressure pulses,as defined by IEC 179A,First supplement to IEC 179, Sections 3.1 and 3.2. (14) Impulse Sound Level The"impulse sound level" is the sound level of an impulsive sound as measured with an Impulse Sound Level Meter set to impulse response. It is measured in A-weighted decibels, de- noted dBAI. (15) Impulse Sound Level Meter An"Impulse Sound Level Meter"is a sound level meter which meets the specifications of Publication NPC-102-Instrumenta- tion, for Impulse Sound Level Meters. (16) Integrating Sound Level Meter An "Integrating Sound Level Meter" is a sound level meter which is capable of being used to derive the equivalent sound level (Leq) and which meets the specifications of Publication NPC-102-Instrumentation,for Type B Integrating Sound Level Meters. (17) Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level The"Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level",sometimes de- noted LLM of N impulsive sounds,is ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the arithmetic mean of ten to the power of one tenth the impulse sound level of each impulsive sound. Algebraically, it can be written as: 1 12 dBAIN/10 LLM = 10 log" [N (10 dBAI /10+ 10 dBA1 /10 ...+10 where,dBAI L dBA12. ....dBAIN,are the N impulse sound levels. KITCHENER 451.9 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (18) Overpressure The"overpressure"at a point due to an acoustic disturbance is the instantaneous difference at that point between the peak pres- sure during the disturbance and the ambient atmospheric pres- sure. The unit of measurement is the pascal. One pascal, abbreviated Pa, is the same as one newton per square metre, abbreviated N/m2. (19) Overpressure Level The"overpressure level"is twenty times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the peak pressure to the reference pressure of 20 mPa. (20) Peak Particle Velocity The"peak particle velocity"is the maximum instantaneous ve- locity experienced by the particles of a medium when set into transient vibratory motion. This can be derived as the magni- tude of the vector sum of three orthogonal components and is measured in cm/s. (21) Peak Pressure Level Detector A"Peak Pressure Level Detector"is a device capable of mea- suring peak pressure or pressure level perturbations in air and which meets the specifications of Publication NPC-102 -In- strumentation,for Peak Pressure Level Detectors. (22) Percentile Sound Level The"x percentile sound level",designated Lx is the sound level exceeded x percent of a specified time period.It is measured in dBA. (23) Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound "Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound" is a sequence of impulsive sounds emitted from the same source,having a time interval of less than 0.5 s between successive impulsive sounds. (24) Slow Response "Slow response"is a dynamic characteristic setting of a sound level meter meeting the applicable specifications of Publication NPC-102-Instrumentation. (25) Sound "Sound"is an oscillation in pressure, stress,particle displace- ment or particle velocity,in a medium with internal forces(e.g. elastic,viscous),or the superposition of such propagated oscil- lations,which may cause an auditory sensation. DECEMBER 1996 451.10 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (26) Sound Level "Sound level"is the A-weighted sound pressure level. (27) Sound Level Meter A"sound level meter"is an instrument which is sensitive to and calibrated for the measurement of sound. (28) Sound Pressure The"sound pressure"is the instantaneous difference between the actual pressure and the average or barometric pressure at a given location. The unit of measurement is the micropascal (mPa) which is the same as a micronewton per square metre (mN/m2). (29)Sound Pressure Level The"sound pressure level"is twenty times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the effective pressure(p)of a sound to the reference pressure(pr)of 20 mPa. Thus the sound pressure 20 log,, P P level in dB = (30) Tonality A"tone"or a"tonal sound"is any sound which can be distinctly identified through the sensation of pitch. (31) Vibration "Vibration" is a temporal and spatial oscillation of displace- ment,velocity or acceleration in a solid medium. (32) Vibration Velocity Detector A"Vibration Velocity Detector"is a device which is capable of measuring vibration velocity and which meets the specifica- tions of Publication NPC-102-Instrumentation, for Vibration Velocity Detectors. KITCHENER 451.11 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES PUBLICATION NCP-102 Instrumentation 1. Scope This Publication sets out minimum specifications for equip- ment used for the measurement of sound and vibration. For most of the specifications the International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC)recommended standards 123 (First edition 1961), 179(Second edition 1973)and 179A(First supplement to IEC 179,published 1973)have been adopted.In some cases, these standards are amended or augmented for greater precision. TABLE 102-1 NPC-102 Type of Instrument Application Section 3 General Purpose Sound Level Meter Non-impulsive sounds 4 Impulse Sound Level Meter Impulsive sounds 5 Peak Pressure Level Detector Peak pressure perturbations 6 Type B Integrating Varying sounds of low crest factor Sound Level Meter 7 Type A Integrating Varying sounds of high crest factor Sound Level Meter 8 Vibration Velocity Detector Peak vibration velocity in solids 9 Acoustic Calibrator Calibration of sound level meters 2. Technical Definitions The technical terms used in this Publication are defined in the specifications themselves or in Publication NPC-101 -Techni- cal Definitions. 3. General Purpose Sound Level Meter (1) Purpose A General Purpose Sound Level Meter is a sound level meter which is intended to be used for the measurement of non-impulsive sounds, without significant A-weighted acoustic energy above 2000 Flz (2) Specifications A sound level meter which meets the following spec- ifications is a General Purpose Sound Level Meter: DECEMBER 1996 451.12 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (a) the sound level meter, including a microphone equipped with a windscreen shall meet the specifi- cations of IEC 123,except that,in addition to meeting the specifications of subclause 5.2 thereof, the micro- phone of the sound level meter shall also meet the specifications of subclause 5.2 amended by the sub- stitution therein of an angle of incidence of±30°in- stead of ±90°, as it therein appears, and by the substitution of Table 102-2 hereof instead of Table 1, as it therein appears; (b) the sound level meter shall incorporate A- weighting,which is specified in IEC 123 as optional; (c) the sound level meter shall have a minimum usable range of sensitivity of from 40 dBA to 100 dBA and it shall read to an accuracy of±1.0 dB over that range; (d) a windscreen shall be installed on the microphone and shall not affect by more than 1 dB the tolerance prescribed in clauses(a) and(c); (e) the sound level meter, including a microphone equipped with a windscreen, shall,when operated in the presence of wind, indicate a wind-induced sound level not in excess of the relevant value listed in Table 102-3. 4. Impulse Sound Level Meter (1) Purpose An Impulse Sound Level Meter is a sound level meter which is intended to be used for the measure- ment of any sounds,including sounds for which a General Purpose Sound Level Meter maybe used. (2) Specifications A sound level meter which meets the following specifications is an Impulse Sound Level Meter: (a) the sound level meter, including a microphone equipped with a windscreen,shall meet the specifi- cations of a General Purpose Sound Level Meter; (b) the sound level meter, including a microphone equipped with a windscreen,shall meet the specifi- cations of IEC 179 and IEC 179A, supplement to KITCHENER 451.13 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES IEC 179, including the optional characteristics mentioned in subclause 4.5 of IEC 179A; (c) the sound level meter shall incorporate A-weight- ing as specified in IEC 179. 5.Peak Pressure Level Detector (1) Purpose A Peak Pressure Level Detector is a sound level meter which is intended to be used for the measure- ment of peak pressure perturbations in air. The value indicated by this device is not an average of the pressure level perturbations. (2) Specifications A sound level meter which meets the following specifications is a Peak Pressure Level Detector (the features of this device are incorporated in an Impulse Sound Level Meter as specified in Section 4 above): (a) the microphone of the sound level meter, when equipped with a windscreen,shall perform within a tolerance of±l dB throughout the frequency range of from 5 Hz to 31.5 Hz in the circumstances and conditions for use set out in Table 1 of IEC 179; (b) the sound level meter without the microphone shall be capable of providing linear response as specified in subclause 4.5 of IEC 179, within a tolerance of ±1 dB throughout the frequency range of from 5 Hz to 15 kHz; (c) the sound level meter shall incorporate the optional characteristics specified in subclause 4.5 of IEC 179A; (d) the sound level meter shall meet the specifications set out in IEC 179 clause 3,subclauses 4.1,4.2,4.4, 4.5,4.7, 4.8,clause 5, subclauses 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.8, 6.9, 7.1 through 7.9, 7.11, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.6 through 8.9, and the appropriate specifications of clause 10. 6. Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter (1)Purpose DECEMBER 1996 451.14 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (a)An Integrating Sound Level Meter is a sound level meter which is intended to be used for the measure- ment of sound over a period of time, such that the equivalent sound level (Leq) of the sound may be obtained. (b)The Type 8 Integrating Sound Level Meter is speci- fied with sufficient dynamic range and measure- ment precision to measure equivalent sound levels of general sounds that exceed limitations set out in this by-law. (c)Either a Type A or Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter maybe used for most such applications,but a Type A Integrating Sound Level Meter must be used when the sound under study is Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound (see NPC-103 -Procedures, sec- tions 3 and 4) or when the operational dynamic range greatly exceeds 40 dB. (2) General Description The tolerances specified for the microphone, weighting and amplifier of a Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter are the same as those specified for a General Purpose Sound Level Meter in sec- tion 3 of this Publication. The computational por- tions of the instrument must operate within a net accuracy of±1 dB for timeperiods of 20 minutes to one hour over a dynamic range of at least 40 dB with test signals having a crest factor(as defined in IEC 179A)up to 3.An operator-activated switch is included to inhibit the integration function alone and, if the system includes an elapsed-time clock, to inhibit both the integration and time summation functions. (3) Specifications A sound level meter which meets the following specifications is a Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter: (a) the instrument will generally be a combination of microphone, amplifier, A-weighting network, computation circuit to obtain the integral of the mean square A-weighted pressure, display and a means of inhibiting the integration, but may vary KITCHENER 451.15 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES from the above provided that it performs the same functions within the tolerances set out below; (b) the instrument may include computational circuitry to calculate and display the equivalent sound level directly; (c) the microphone of the instrument shall meet the specifications of clause 5 of IEC 123,except that,in addition to meeting the specifications of subclause 5.2 thereof, the microphone shall also meet the specifications ofsubclause 5.2 amended by the sub- stitution therein of an angle of incidence of±30'in- stead of±90°, as it therein appears, and by the substitution of Table 102-2 hereof instead of Table 1, as it therein appears; (d) a windscreen shall be installed on the microphone during operation and shall not affect by more than 1 dB the tolerance prescribed in clause(c); (e) the sound level meter, including a microphone equipped with a windscreen, shall,when operated in the presence of wind, indicate a wind-induced sound level not in excess of the relevant value listed in Table 102-3. (f) the A-weighting network shall meet the specifica- tions of Table II and Figure I of IEC 123; (g) the amplifier shall meet the specifications of sub- clauses 7.2, 7.3 and 7.11 of IEC 123; (h) for each sensitivity setting of the instrument the am- plifier shall have a power handling capacity at least 10 dB greater than the maximum sound level speci- fied for that sensitivity setting; (i) if the computation circuit is of the sampling(digi- tal) type, when operating in conjunction with the microphone, windscreen, A-weighting network and amplifier,it shall generate a signal proportional to the mean square A-weighted pressure with a 1±0.25 s exponential averaging time constant; (j) the computation circuit shall integrate the mean square A-weighted pressure and shall be capable of doing so on each sensitivity setting for a minimum DECEMBER 1996 451.16 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES of 6 minutes at the maximum sound level specified for that sensitivity setting; (k) if the computation circuit is not capable of meeting the specification of clause 0) with the reference therein to "6 minutes" changed to "60 minutes", then the device shall be provided with a means to indicate to the operator when the integration capa- bility has been exceeded; (1) if the computational circuit is of the sampling(digi- tal)type,sampling shall take place at least twice per second; (m) the computation circuit shall operate over the us- able dynamic range of the instrument with a linear- ity of±1 dB for any sound with a ratio of peak pressure to root mean square pressure up to 3(crest factor up to 3); (n) an operator-activated switch shall be provided to inhibit integration or,if the instrument has an inter- nal elapsed time clock, to inhibit both integration and accumulation of time; (o) the combination of windscreen, microphone, A-weighting network, amplifier and computation circuit shall have a usable dynamic range extend- ing at least from 50 dBA to 90 dBA and the manu- facturer shall specify the usable dynamic range; (p) the instrument maybe provided with more than one sensitivity setting and the manufacturer shall spec- ify the minimum and maximum input sound level for each sensitivity setting; (q) if the maximum sound level specified for any sensi- tivity setting is less than 100 dBA,the system shall in- clude a means of indicating to the operator that the maximum input sound level for that sensitivity set- ting has been exceeded and such indication shall be maintained until cancelled by the operator; (r) the display shall indicate either, (i) an output proportional to the integrated mean square A-weighted pressure,or KITCHENER 451.17 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (ii) the integrated mean square A-weighted pres- sure divided by the duration of the period of time for which the equivalent sound level is to be determined, or (iii) the equivalent sound level for the period of time for which the equivalent sound level is to be determined; (s) it shall be possible to read from the display or to calculate from the reading of the display,the equiv- alent sound level to a resolution of±1 dB over the usable dynamic range of the instrument for integra- tion times from 20 minutes to 60 minutes; (t) if the indication of the display is as described in subclause(ii) or (iii) of clause(r), the instrument shall include an elapsed-time clock; (u) the complete instrument shall follow the recom- mendations and meet the specifications of sub- clauses 7.4,7.5,7.6,7.7,7.8 and 79 ofIEC 123;and (v) the instrument shall include a means of determin- ing whether the battery of the instrument if any,has sufficient life to permit proper operation for a pe- riod of at least one hour. 7. Type A Integrating Sound Level Meter (1)Purpose (a) An Integrating Sound Level Meter is a sound level meter which is intended to be used for the measure- ment of sound over a period of time, such that the equivalent sound level (Leq) of the sound may be obtained. (b) The Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter is speci- fied with sufficient dynamic range and measure- ment precision to measure equivalent sound levels of general sounds that exceed limitations set out in this by-law. (c) Either a Type A or a Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter may be used for most such applica- tions,but a Type A Integrating Sound Level Meter must be used when the sound under study is Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound(seeNPC-103-Pro- DECEMBER 1996 451.18 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES cedures, Sections 3 and 4)or when the operational dynamic range greatly exceeds 40 dB. (2) General Description The tolerances specified for the microphone,weight- ing and amplifier of a Type A Integrating Sound Level Meter are the same as those specified for a General Purpose Sound Level Meter in section 3 of this Publication. The computational portions of the instrument must operate within a net accuracy of±l dB for time periods of 20 minutes to one hour over a dynamic range of at least 80 dB with test signals hav- ing a crest factor(as defined in IEC 179A)up to 5. An operator activated switch is included to inhibit both the integration and time summation functions. (3) Specifications A sound level meter which meets the following specifications is a Type A Integrating Sound Level Meter: (a) the sound level meter shall meet the specifications of a Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter; (b) the instrument shall be provided with an internal elapsed-time clock; (c) for each sensitivity setting of the instrument, the amplifier shall have a power handling capacity at least 14 dB greater than the maximum sound level specified for that sensitivity setting; (d) the computation circuit shall operate over the us- able dynamic range of the instrument with a linear- ity of±ldB for any sound with a ratio of peak pressure to root mean square pressure up to 5(Crest Factor up to 5); and (e) the combination of windscreen, microphone, A-weighting network, amplifier and computation circuit shall have a usable dynamic range extending at least from 40 dBA to 120 dBA. 8. Vibration Velocity Detector (1) Purpose A Vibration Velocity Detector is a device intended KITCHENER 451.19 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES to be used for the measurement of the peak particle velocity of a solid surface. (2) Specifications A device which meets the following specifications is a Vibration Velocity Detector: (a) the device shall include either a transducer which responds to the total vibration vector or three trans- ducers which have their axes of maximum sensitiv- ity mutually orthogonal±1; (b) where three transducers are used to measure three mutually orthogonal components of vibration, the response of any one of the transducers to vibration in the plane normal to its axis of maximum sensitiv- ity shall be less than 10%of its response to the same vibration along its axis of maximum sensitivity; (c) the output of the device shall be proportional to the velocity of the surface on which the transducer is, or the transducers are, mounted and the output of the device shall be in such form that the device indi- cates,or can be used to calculate,the peak particle velocity in the frequency range of from 5 Hz to 500 Hz over a range of peak particle velocity of from 0.25 cm/s to 10 cm/s with a tolerance of±10%;and (d) it shall be possible to field-calibrate the device with an accuracy of±5%using either a reference electri- cal signal in series with the equivalent transducer impedance or a reference vibration source. 9. Acoustic Calibrator (1) Purpose An Acoustic Calibrator is an electro-mechanical or mechanical device which produces sound of a known frequency and which, when coupled to a sound level meter,produces a predictable response in the sound level meter if the sound level meter is operating properly at the calibration frequency. (2) Specifications A device,capable ofproducing sound,which meets the following specifications is an Acoustic Calibrator: DECEMBER 1996 451.20 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (a) the device shall be capable of being physically at- tached to a sound level meter in such a way that the device and the sound level meter are"acoustically coupled",that is,sound from the device is transmit- ted through the air by way of a chamber formed by the attachment of the device to the microphone of the sound level meter; (b) the device shall produce sound of a stated fre- quency,within a frequency tolerance of±5%; (c) the manufacturer of the device shall provide with the device,any data required in order to determine the sound level reading which should be indicated on the sound level meter when calibrated for those microphone and sound level meter types with which the manufacturer recommends the device be used.Where additional accessories must be used to provide this sound level reading,the manufacturer shall state that they must be used; (d) the maximum tolerance in the sound pressure level generated by the device when coupled to the micro- phone shall apply over an atmospheric pressure range of 87 kPa to 107 kPa, and shall be±0.5 dB over the temperature range of from 0°C to 40° C and ±1.0 dB over the temperature range of from -10°C to 50°C; (e) if the device is battery powered, means for check- ing the battery condition shall be included with the device; (f) the following data shall be provided with the device by the manufacturer, (i)the nominal sound pressure level produced, (ii)the nominal frequency at which the device op- erates, (iii) the ranges of temperature and atmospheric pressure over which the device is intended to operate, and the applicable overall sound pressure level tolerance for these ranges. KITCHENER 451.21 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES I ABLE 102-2 Permissible Tolerances on Microphone Sensitivity Over an Angle of±30° Frequency Hz Permissible Tolerances dB A* B** 31.5-500 +1 +1 1000 +1 +1 2000 +2 + 1 -2 4000 +4 + 1 -4 8000 +10 + 1 - 10 * COLUMN A: The microphone is mounted on the sound level meter. "COLUMN B: The microphone is physically separated from the sound level meter but electrically connected thereto. TABLE 102-3 Maximum Wind Induced Sound Level Indication Using A-weighting and Slow Response(where available) Wind Speed dBA 15 kin/h 41 20 kin/h 48 25 kin/h 53 DECEMBER 1996 451.22 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES PUBLICATION NPC-103 Procedures 1. Scope This Publication comprises the various measurement proce- dures to be used in connection with other Publications which provide limits or standards for sound or vibration.Several of the procedures adopted are those of nationally or internationally recognized agencies.Table 103-I lists the measurement proce- dures which are included in this Publication. TABLE 103-1 NCP-103 Section Type of Measurement Procedure 3 Steady or impulsive sound Ministry 4 Varying sound Ministry 5 Sound and vibration from blasting Ministry 6 Powered mobile construction equipment SAE J88a 7 Pneumaticequipmen MEMAC 8 Small engines SAE J1046 9 Trucks with governed diesel engines CSA Z 107.22-M 2. Technical Definitions The technical terms used in a procedure shall have the meaning given either in that procedure or in Publication NPC-101-Tech- nical Definitions. 3. Procedure for Measurement of Steady or Impulsive Sound (1)(a)Classification For the purposes of this procedure sounds can con- veniently be placed in four mutually exclusive cat- egories as follows: (i) impulsive sounds, other than Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sounds,such as,but not limited to, the sound from gunshots, certain explosive pest control devices and certain industrial metal working operations(e.g. forging,ham- mering,punching,stamping,cutting,forming and moulding); KITCHENER 451.23 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (ii) Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sounds, such as,but not limited to, the sound from pavement breakers,riveting guns,ineffectively muffled internal combustion engines or ineffectively muffled air compressors; (iii)buzzing sounds,such as,but not limited to,the sounds from positive displacement blowers, chain saws, small combustion engines and concrete finishers; (iv) all other sounds. (b)Application This procedure applies to measurements at a point of reception of: (i) sound of a type mentioned in category(i) or (ii)of clause(a); and (ii) sound of type mentioned in categories(iii)or (iv)of clause(a),which is always higher than the permissible level or which, when the sound is present,does not vary in level over a range of more than 6 dB during the period of observation. (2)Instrumentation (a) Sound Level Meter (i) An Impulse Sound Level Meter shall be used for the measurement of sound in category(i), (ii)or(iii)of clause 3(l)(a). (ii) A General Purpose Sound Level Meter shall be used for the measurement of sound in cate- gory (iv) of clause 3(l) (a). NOTE: An Inte- grating Sound Level Meter may be used for the measurement of sound in category(iv) of clause 3(l)(a),but the procedure set out in sec- tion 4 -Procedure for Measurement of Vary- ing Sound must be used. (b) Calibrator An Acoustic Calibrator shall be used. DECEMBER 1996 451.24 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (c) Windscreen A windscreen shall be used in all outdoor measure- ments. (3)Measurement Location For sound transmitted solely through air,the measurement loca- tion shall be one or more of the following points of reception: (a) a location out-of-doors where a person may be ex- posed to the sound; or (b the plane of an exterior door or window of a room in which a person may be exposed to the sound, where the door or window is open. (4)Use of Instrumentation (a) Battery Check If the sound level meter is battery powered the con- dition of the battery shall be checked after the meter has been allowed to warm up and stabilize.The bat- tery condition shall be rechecked at least once per hour during a series of measurements and at the conclusion of such measurements.The meter shall not be used unless the battery condition is con- firmed to be within the range recommended by the manufacturer for proper operation. (b) Calibration The sound level meter shall be calibrated after the meter has been allowed to warm up and stabilize,at least once per hour during a series of measurements and at the conclusion of such measurements. (c) Sound Level Meter Settings Measurements shall be taken using the following response settings: (i) Impulse Response(dBAI) The impulse response and A-weighting shall be used for impulsive sound in category(i)of clause 3(1)(a).An`impulse hold'facility may be used if available on the meter. (ii) Slow Response(dBA) The slow response and A-weighting shall be KITCHENER 451.25 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES used for sound in categories(ii),(iii)or(iv)of clause 3 (1)(a). (d) Instrument Configuration (i) Reflective Surfaces The microphone shall be located not less than 1 m above the ground,not less than 1 m from any sound reflective surface except for the purposes of clause 3(3)(b) and not less than arm's length from the body of the person op- erating the meter.Not more than one person, other than the operator of the meter, shall be within 7 m of the microphone and that person shall be behind the operator of the meter.For the case of 3(3)(b)the microphone shall be in the middle of the aperture located not less than 15 cm from the window frame or door frame. (ii) Microphone Orientation The microphone shall be orientated such that the sound to be measured is incident at an an- gle recommended by the microphone manu- facturer for flattest frequency response in a free field. (e) Measurement- Slow Response (i) Readings Taken For sound in categories (ii), (iii) or (iv) of clause 3 (1)(a),a minimum of three observa- tions with a minimum observation time of 15s each shall be made. The observed average reading for each of the observations shall be noted as well as the minimum and maximum of the range of sound levels during each ob- servation period. If the difference between any two observed average readings is greater than 3 dB, a minimum of six observations shall be made.For the purpose of adjustments for intermittency the duration of the sound in any one hour shall be noted. (ii) Readings Reported The arithmetic mean of the observed average readings shall be reported, rounded to the DECEMBER 1996 451.26 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES nearest decibel. Adjustments for intermit- tence and quality of sound shall be made in ac- cordance with Publication NPC-104 - Sound Level Adjustments,and the result shall be re- ported. The result is the one hour equivalent sound level(Leq)of the sound under study for any one hour period during which the read- ings were taken pursuant to subclause(i). (iii) Wide Variation of Sound Levels If, in making observations pursuant to sub- clause (i), there is a difference of more than 6dB between the lowest and highest values of the observed ranges of sound levels,this pro- cedure shall not be used unless the lower limit of each such range is above the maximum per- missible level. Instead, the procedure set out in Section 4 -Procedure for Measurement of Varing Sound at a point of reception,shall be used. (f) Measurement-Impulse Response- Frequency Impulses (i) Readings Taken For sound in category(i)of clause 3(1)(a)not less than 20 impulses shall be measured within a continuous period of 20 minutes and each measurement taken shall be reported. (ii) Extension of Time Where a minimum of 20 impulses cannot be measured within a continuous period of 20 minutes pursuant to subclause(i)the time pe- riod maybe extended to 2 hours if an impulse occurred in each of the four consecutive peri- ods of five minutes each during the initial 20 minute measurement period. (iii) Level Reported The Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level (LLM)of the 20 or more measurements shall be calculated and reported to the nearest deci- bel. The Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level is a valid and effective sound level for KITCHENER 451.27 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES any one hour period during which readings were taken pursuant to subclauses(i)and(ii). (g) Measurement- Impulse Response - Single Event Readings Taken and Reported For impulse sounds in category (i) of clause 3(1)(a),that occur as a single,seemingly independ- ent events not normally measurable using the pro- cedure set out in clause(f) for frequent impulses, each impulse shall be independently measured and each impulse sound level reported to the nearest decibel. (h) Variation in Calibration Measurements shall not be reported if the sound level meter calibration has changed more than 0.5 dB from the previous calibration. (i) Weather conditions (i) Wind Measurements shall not be taken unless the wind-induced sound level is more than 10 dB below the measured levels.Reference should be made to Publication NPC - 102 - Instru- mentation,particularly Table 102-3. (ii) Humidity Measurements shall not betaken if the relative humidity is above the maximum for which the meter specification is guaranteed by the man- ufacturer(normally 90%). (iii)Precipitation Measurements shall not be taken during pre- cipitation. (iv) Temperature Measurements shall not be taken when air temperature is outside the range for which specification of the instrument is guaranteed by the manufacturer. (Normally, only the lower temperature limit is significant). (5)Documentation The following represents the minimum information which shall be contained in a report of an investigation where the above DECEMBER 1996 451.28 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES procedure was used. (Adapted from CSA 2107.2-1973 Meth- ods for the Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels). (a)Acoustic Environment (i) Location and description of sound sources. (ii) Dimensioned sketch including photographs, if possible,of the location of the sound source and the point of reception, showing all build- ings,trees, structures and other sound reflec- tive surfaces. (iii)Physical and topographical description of the ground surface. (iv) Meterological conditions prevailing at the time of investigation including approximate local wind speed in km/h,wind direction, air temperature in °C, approximate relative hu- midity and extent of cloud cover. (b)Instrumentation All equipment used for making sound level mea- surements shall be listed,including: (i) type,model and serial number of sound level meter; (ii) type,model and serial number of microphone; (iii) type, model and serial number of Acoustic Calibrator; (iv) extension cables and additional amplifier, if used. (c)Acoustical Data The measurement details shall be described, in- cluding: (i) the location of the microphone,using a sketch if necessary; (ii) measurements or readings obtained, preferably listed in tabular form, referencing location on a sketch or map,time periods involved, and relevant data required for making calculations; KITCHENER 451.29 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (iii)adjustments made for quality of sound or intermit- tence; (iv)details of any calculations; (v)comparison with applicable sound levellimits,stan- dards or guidelines. 4. Procedure for Measurement of Varing Sound (1)(a)Classification For the purposes of this procedure sounds can con- veniently be placed in four mutually exclusive cat- egories as follows: (i) impulsive sounds, other than Quasi-Steady Impul- sive Sounds, such as,but not limited to,the sound from gunshots, certain explosive pest control de- vices and certain industrial metal working opera- tions (eg. forging, hammering, punching, stamping,cutting, forming and moulding); (ii) Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sounds, such as, but not limited to,the sound from pavement breakers,riv- eting guns, ineffectively muffled internal combus- tion engines or ineffectively muffled air compressors; (iii) buzzing sounds, such as, but not limited to the sound from positive displacement blowers, chain saws, small combustion engines and concrete fin- ishers; (iv)all other sounds. (b) Application This procedure applies to measurements at a point of reception of continuous or intermittent sound mentioned in category(ii),(iii)or(iv)of clause(a). (2)Instrumentation (a) Integrating Sound Level Meter An Integrating Sound Level Meter shall be used which is appropriate for the sound to be measured: (i) Either a Type A or Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter maybe used for the measurement of sound in category(iv)of clause 4(1)(a); DECEMBER 1996 451.30 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (ii) A Type A Integrating Sound Level Meter shall be used for the measurement of sound in categories(ii)or(iii)of clause 4(l)(a). (b) Calibrator An Acoustic Calibrator shall be used. (c) Windscreen A windscreen shall be used in all outdoor measure- ments. (3)Measurement Location (a) Air-Borne Sound For sound transmitted solely through air,the mea- surement location shall be one or more of the fol- lowing points of reception: (i)a location out-of-doors where a person may be exposed to the sound; or (ii) the plane of an exterior door or window of a room in which a person maybe exposed to the sound,where the door or window is open. (4)Use of Instrumentation (a) Battery Check If the Integrating Sound Level Meter uses a battery, the condition of the battery shall be checked before each measurement, and measurement shall not commence unless the battery has sufficient life re- maining to permit proper operation for a period of at least one hour. (b) Calibration The Integrating Sound Level Meter shall be cali- brated before and after each measurement period. (c) Instrument Configuration (i) Reflective Surfaces The microphone shall be located not less than 1 m above the ground,not less than 1 m from any sound reflective surface except for the purposes ofsubclause 4(3)(a)(ii)and not less than arm's length from the body of the person operating the meter. Not more than one per- KITCHENER 451.31 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES son,other than the operator of the meter,shall be within 7 m of the microphone and that per- son shall be behind the operator of the meter. For the case of subclause 4(3)(a)(ii)the mi- crophone shall be in the middle of the aperture located not less than 15 cm from the window frame or door frame. (ii) Microphone Orientation The microphone shall be oriented such that the sound to be measured is incident at an an- gle recommended by the microphone manu- facturer for flattest frequency response in a free field. (d) Extraneous Sources When measuring the sound from a source,integra- tion shall from time to time be inhibited by the op- erator immediately when the received sound is dominated by sound from a source other than the source under study and it shall remain inhibited while such a condition persists and for at least 10 seconds thereafter. While integration is inhibited the elapsed time used to calculate the equivalent sound level shall not be allowed to accumulate. (e) Timing If the Integrating Sound Level Meter is not pro- vided with an internal elapsed-time clock,the oper- ator shall accumulate the elapsed time during the measurement period by means of a stop-watch or other time measuring device. (f) Readings (i) Stationary Source When measuring the sound from a stationary source, measurements to be used in calculat- ing results shall be taken during a continuous period not in excess of one hour and,for pur- poses of calculation and reporting of results, the accumulated elapsed time of measurement as obtained in accordance with clause (d) is deemed to be one hour if the accumulated time is 20 minutes or more.Measurements contain- ing information from an accumulated time pe- DECEMBER 1996 451.32 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES riod of less than 20 minutes are insufficient for purposes of calculating the equivalent sound level(Leg)of a stationary source. (ii) Road Traffic Noise Sources When measuring the sound from road traffic the accumulated elapsed time obtained in ac- cordance with clause(d)shall not be less than twenty minutes and the actual accumulated elapsed time of measurement shall be used for purposes of calculation. (g) Adjustments Adjustments for quality of sound shall be made in accordance with Publication NPC-104 - Sound Level Adjustments and the result reported.No ad- justment shall be made for intermittence. (h) Variation in Calibration A measurement shall not be reported if the Integrat- ing Sound Level Meter calibration after the mea- surement period is more than 0.5 dB different from that before the measurement commenced. (i) Weather Conditions (i) Wind Measurements shall not be made unless the wind-induced sound level is more than 10 dB below the measured levels.Reference should be made to Publication NPC-102-Instrumen- tation and particularly Table 102-3. (ii) Humidity Measurements shall not betaken if the relative humidity is above the maximum for which the meter specification is guaranteed by the man- ufacturer(normally 90%). (iii)Precipitation Measurements shall not be taken during pre- cipitation. (iv)Temperature Measurements shall not be taken when the air temperature is outside the range for which the specification of the instrument is guaranteed KITCHENER 451.33 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES by the manufacturer. (Normally, only the lower temperature limit is significant.) (j)Reading Reported (i) For sound from a stationary source,the value to be reported based on measurements made during the accumulated elapsed time of 20 minutes or more and the time period for calcu- lation which is one hour is,after adjustment in accordance with clause (g), the one hour equivalent sound level(Leg)of the sound un- der study for any one hour period during which measurements were taken pursuant to subclause 4(4)(f)(i). (ii) For sound from road traffic,the value to be re- ported based on measurements made during the accumulated elapsed time of 20 minutes or more and the time period for calculation which is the actual accumulated elapsed time, is the one hour equivalent sound level(Leq)of the sound under study for any one hour period during which measurements were taken pur- suant to subclause 4(4)(f)(ii). (iii) The one hour equivalent sound level (Leg) shall be reported to the nearest decibel. (5)Documentation The following represents the minimum information which shall be contained in a report of an investigation where the above procedure was used. (Adapted from CSA 2107.2-1973 Meth- ods for the Measurement of Sound-Pressure Levels.) (a)Acoustic Environment (i) Location and description of sound sources. (ii) A list of the types of extraneous noise sources which caused integration to be inhibited dur- ing measurement. (iii)Dimensioned sketch including photographs,if possible, of the location of the sound source and the point of reception, showing all build- DECEMBER 1996 451.34 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES ings,trees,structures and any other sound re- flective surfaces. (iv) Physical and topographical description of the ground surface. (v) Meteorological conditions prevailing at the time of the investigation including approxi- mate local wind speed in km/h, wind direc- tion, air temperature in °C, approximate relative humidity and extent of cloud cover. (b)Instrumentation All the equipment used for making sound level measurements shall be listed,including: (i) type, model and serial number of Integrating Sound Level Meter; (ii) type,model and serial number of microphone; (iii) type, model and serial number of Acoustic Calibrator; (iv) extension cables and additional amplifier, if used. (a)Acoustical Data The measurement details shall be described, in- cluding: (i) the location of the microphone,using a sketch if necessary; (ii) the continuous time period of observation; (iii) the accumulated elapsed time of measurement following the procedure of clauses 4 (4) (d) and(e); (iv) the Integrating Sound Level Meter reading or output and any other relevant data required for calculations; (v) adjustments made for quality of sound; (vi) details of all calculations; KITCHENER 451.35 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (vii)the equivalent sound levels obtained,prefera- bly listed in tabular form,referencing location on a sketch map; (viii)comparison with applicable sound levellim- its, standards or guidelines. 5. Procedure for Measurement of Sound and Vibration Due to Blasting Operations (1) Application This procedure applies to the measurement of sound (concussion) and vibration due to blasting operations. (2) Sound (a) Instrumentation (i) Measuring Device A Peak Pressure Level Detector shall be used. (ii) Calibrator An Acoustic Calibrator shall be used; (iii) Windscreen A windscreen shall be used in all outdoor measurements. (b) Measurement Location The measurement location shall be at a point ofre- ception out-of-doors within 7 m of a building. (c) Use of Instrumentation (i) Battery Check If the measuring device is battery powered, the condition of the battery shall be checked after the device has been allowed to warm up and stabilize and after each measurement has been made. The device shall not be used un- less the battery condition is confirmed to be within the range recommended by the manu- facturer for proper operation. (ii) Calibration The measuring device shall be calibrated after it has been allowed to warm up and stabilize and after each measurement has been made. DECEMBER 1996 451.36 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (iii) Meter Setting The measuring device shall be set to read the peak pressure level using linear response and a `hold' facility,if available. (d) Instrument Configuration (i) Reflective Surfaces The microphone shall be located not less than 1 m above the ground,not less than 1 m from any sound reflective surface and not less than arm's length from the body of the person op- erating the device.Not more than one person, other than the operator of the meter, shall be within 7 m of the microphone and that person shall be behind the operator of the meter. (ii) Microphone Orientation The microphone shall be oriented such that the concussion wave to be measured is inci- dent at an angle recommended by the micro- phone manufacturer for flattest frequency response in a free field. (e) Readings (i) Peak Pressure Level The value of peak pressure level reported shall be given to the nearest decibel. (ii) Variation in Calibration A measurement shall not be reported if the meter calibration after the measurement is more than 0.5 dB different from that before the measurement. (iii) Battery Deterioration A measurement shall not be reported if the battery condition after the measurement is not within the range recommended by the manu- facturer for proper operation. (f) Weather Conditions (i) Wind Measurements shall not be reported unless the wind-induced sound pressure level is more KITCHENER 451.37 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES than 10 dB below the measured peak pressure level. Reference should be made to Publica- tion NPC-102-Instrumentation. (ii)Humidity Measurements shall not betaken if the relative humidity is above the maximum for which the meter specification is guaranteed by the man- ufacturer(normally 90%) (iii)Precipitation Measurements shall not be taken during pre- cipitation. (iv)Temperature Measurements shall not be taken when the air temperature is outside the range for which the meter specification is guaranteed by the man- ufacturer. (Normally only the lower tempera- ture limit is significant.) (3)Vibration (a)Instrumentation (i) Measuring Device A Vibration Velocity Detector shall be used. (ii)Calibrator An electrical reference signal of known volt- age and frequency shall be used in the field for calibration of the Vibration Velocity Detector excluding the transducer. A reference vibra- tion source shall be used for laboratory cali- bration of the complete Vibration Velocity Detector. (b)Measurement Location Vibration measurements shall be made at a point of reception inside a building below grade or less than I m above grade, preferably on a basement floor close to an outside corner. (c)Use of Instrumentation (i) Battery Check If the measuring device is battery powered, the condition of the battery shall be checked DECEMBER 1996 451.38 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES after the device has been allowed to warm up and stabilize and after each measurement is made.The device shall not be used unless the battery condition is confirmed to be within the range recommended by the manufacturer for proper operation. (ii) Calibration Field calibration shall be carried out before and after each measurement.Laboratory cali- bration of the complete Vibration Velocity Detector as used in the field, including the transducer, shall be carried out not less than once per calendar year and the results certified. (d)Instrument Configuration (i) Mounting The transducer shall be affixed to a part of the structure so as to prevent movement of the transducer relative to the structure. The pre- ferred structural element is the basement floor as indicated in clause(b). (ii)Transducer Orientation If three vector components of vibration veloc- ity are recorded individually,it is preferable to orient the transducers such that the three axes of measurement are (a) vertical, (b) radial (along the horizontal ine joining the location of the blast to the location of measurement), and(c) transverse(along a horizontal line at right angles to the line joining the location of the blast to the location of measurement). (e)Readings (i) Peak Particle Velocity The peak particle velocity in cm/s shall be re- ported. (ii) Variation in Calibration A measurement shall not be reported if cali- bration after the measurement is more than 5% different from that before the measurement. KITCHENER 451.39 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (iii) Battery Deterioration A measurement shall not be reported if the battery condition after the measurement is not within the range recommended by the manu- facturer for proper operation. (4)Documentation The following represents the minimum informa- tion which shall be contained in a report of an in- vestigation where the above procedure was used. (a)Description of Area (i) Location and description of the blasting oper- ation. (ii) Dimensioned sketch including photographs, if possible,of the location of the blasting oper- ation, the nearest premises and the measure- ment location. (iii) Description of the measurement location. (iv) Physical and topographical description of the ground surface. (v) Meteorological conditions at the time of the investigation, including approximate wind speed in km/h,wind direction,air temperature in degrees Celsius, approximate relative hu- midity,degree of cloud cover and whether or not a condition of thermal inversion prevailed. (b)Instrumentation All the equipment used for making sound and vi- bration measurements shall be listed,including: (i) type, model and serial number of Peak Pres- sure Level Detector; (ii) type,model and serial number of microphone; (iii) type, model and serial number of Acoustic Calibrator; (iv)windscreen; DECEMBER 1996 451.40 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES (v) extension cables and additional amplifiers, if used; (vi) type, model and serial number of Vibration Velocity Detector; (vii)type,model and serial number of transducers. (viii) type, model and serial number of vibration calibrator. (c) Sound and Vibration Data The measurement details shall be described, in- cluding: (i) the location where measurements were taken, the timeperiod involved and the orientation of instrumentation using a sketch,if necessary; (ii) details of all calculations; (iii)the peak pressure level in dB and/or peak par- ticle velocity in cm/s; (iv)comparison with applicable peakpressure lim- its and/or peak particle velocity limits. 6. Exterior Sound Level Measurement Procedure For Powered Mobile Construction Equipment- SAE J88a SAE J88a Recommended Practice is adopted by the Ministry with the following change: Where ANSI Type I sound level meter specification is referred to, reference shall be made instead to Publication IEC-179 (1973) for Precision sound level meters. (General Purpose Sound Level Meter) 7. MEMAC Test Code For the Measurement of Sound From Pneumatic Equipment The MEMAC Test Code For The Measurement of Sound From Pneumatic Equipment is adopted by the Ministry with the fol- lowing additional requirement: For measurement ofpercussive machines the sound level meter used shall meet the specifications of IEC Publications 179 and 179A(1973). (Impulse Sound Level Meter) KITCHENER 451.41 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES 8. Exterior Sound Level Measurement Procedure For Small En- gine Powered Equipment- SAE J 1046 SAE J 1046-Recommended Practice,is adopted by the Minis- try with the following changes: (1) Where ANSI Type 1 sound level meter specifica- tion is referred to,reference shall be made instead to IEC Publication 179 and 179A(1973). (Impulse Sound Level Meter) (2) Replace clause 3.1.1 with the following: The minimum dimensions of the measurement zone are defined as a path of travel 1.2 m wide by 14 m long plus an adjacent area having the base along the edge of the path of travel and the apex 7 m from the midpoint of the base. (3) Replace Fig. 1 with Fig. 103-1,hereof. (4) In section 3.3 Measurements,all references to 25 ft. shall be changed to 7 m. 9. Procedure for Measurement of the Maximum Exterior Sound Level of Stationary Trucks with Governed Diesel Engines-CSA Z 107.22-M 1977 (1)CSA-Z 107.22-M 1977 standard is adopted by the Min- istry with the following change: A General Purpose Sound Level Meter shall be used. DECEMBER 1996 451.42 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES R 4m 7m 1MINIMUM 1.2m EQUIPMENI"PATH 1n R Z MICROPHONE 3 m LOCA"LION R OBSERVERS R MEASUREMEN"F LOCA"LION REP.US EPA 550/9-74-011 R=30 m MINIMUM RADIUS TESI"SII"E CONEIOUATION FOR EX"FE'RIOR SOUND LEVEL MEASUREMENI" PROCEDURE FOR SMALL ENGINER POWERED EQUIPMENT-SAE 1 1046 FRL 103-1 KITCHENER 451.43 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES PUBLICATION NPC-104 Sound Level Adjustments 1. Scope This Publication refers to the adjustment of a sound level ob- tained following the procedures set out in either section 3 or 4 of NPC-103 -Procedures. 2. Technical Definitions The technical terms used in this Publication are defined in Pub- lication NPC-101 -Technical Definitions. 3. Intermittence If a sound is intermittent,the following adjustment shall be sub- tracted from the observed value: Adjustment=10 log I x where x is the fraction of an hour for which the sound persists Such sound level adjustments are approximated in Table 104-1. 4. Adjustment for Special Quality of Sound (1) Tonality If a sound has a pronounced audible tonal quality such as a whine,screech,buzz,or hum then the ob- served value shall be increased by 5. (2) Cyclic Variations If a sound has an audible cyclic variation in sound level such as beating or other amplitude modula- tion then the observed value shall be increased by 5. (3) Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound If a sound is Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound then the observed value shall be increased by 10. (4) One Adjustment Only An adjustment maybe made under one only of sub- sections(1), (2)and(3),providing that,if subsec- tion (3) applies, it shall be used in preference to subsection(1)or subsection(2). DECEMBER 1996 451.44 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES TABLE 104-1 Adjustment for Intermittence Duration of Sound In One Hour Adjustment (Minutes) 40-60 0 20-39 3 10- 19 6 5 -9 9 3 -4 12 1 -2 15 less than 1 20 KITCHENER 451.45 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES SOUND LEVEL LIMITS FOR STATIONARY SOURCES IN CLASS 1 & 2 AREAS (URBAN) PUBLICATION NPC-205 OCTOBER 1995 Ministry of Environment and Energy DECEMBER 1996 451.46 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES Publication NPC-205 1. Scope This Publication establishes sound level limits for stationary sources such as industrial and commercial establishments or an- cillary transportation facilities,affecting points of reception in Class 1 and 2 Areas (Urban). The limits apply to noise com- plaint investigations carried out in order to determine potential violation of Section 14 of the Environmental Protection Act. The limits also apply to the assessment of planned stationary sources of sound in compliance with section 9 of the Environ- mental Protection Act,and under the provisions of the Aggre- gate Resources Act and the Environmental Assessment Act. This Publication does not address sound and vibration produced by blasting;blasting in quarries and surface mines is considered in Reference[7]. The Publication includes an Annex,which provides additional details,definitions and rationale for the sound levellimits. 2. References Reference is made to the following publications: [1]NPC-101 -Technical Definitions [2]NPC-102-Instrumentation [3]NPC-103 -Procedures [4]NPC- 104- Sound Level Adjustments [6]NPC-206-Sound Levels due to Road Traffic [7]NPC-119-Blasting [8]NPC-216-Residential Air Conditioning Devices [9]NPC-232- Sound Level Limits for Stationary Sources in Class 3 Areas(Rural) [10]NPC-233-Information to be Submitted for Approval of Station- ary Sources of Sound [12] ORNAMENT, Ontario Road Noise Analysis Method for Envi- ronment and Transportation, Technical Document, Ontario Ministry of the Environment,ISBN 0-7729-6376, 1989 KITCHENER 451.47 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES References [1] to [4] and [7] can be found in the Model Municipal Noise Control By-law, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Final Report,August 1978. 3. Technical Definitions "Ambient sound level"means Background sound level. "Background sound level"is the sound level that is present in the envi- ronment,produced by noise sources other than the source under impact assessment. Highly intrusive short duration noise caused by a source such as an aircraft fly-over or a train pass-by is excluded from the determination of the background sound level. "Class 1 Area"means an area with an acoustical environment typical of a major population centre, where the background noise is dominated by the urban hum. "Class 2 Area"means an area with an acoustical environment that has qualities representative of both Class 1 and Class 3 Areas,and in which a low ambient sound level,normally occurring only between 23:00 and 07:00 hours in Class 1 Areas,will typically be realized as early as 19:00 hours. Other characteristics which may indicate the presence of Class 2 Area include: • absence of urban hum between 19:00 and 23:00 hours; • evening background sound level defined by natural environment and infrequent human activity; and • no clearly audible sound from stationary sources other than from those under impact assessment. "Class 3 Area"means a rural area with an acoustical environment that is dominated by natural sounds having little or no road traffic, such as the following: • a small community with less than 1000 population; • agricultural area; • a rural recreational area such as a cottage or a resort area; or • a wilderness area. DECEMBER 1996 451.48 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES Other technical terms are defined in Reference[1]and in the Annex to Publication NPC-205. 4. Establishment of Limits-Objective The sound level limit at a point of reception must be established based on the principle of"predictable worst case"noise impact. In general,the limit is given by the background sound level at the point of reception.The sound level limit must represent the minimum background sound level that occurs or is likely to oc- cur during the operation of the stationary source under impact assessment. 5. Background Sound Levels The time interval between the background sound level mea- surement and the measurement of the sound level produced by the stationary source under impact assessment should be mini- mized as much as possible.Preferably,the two measurements should be carried out within one hour of each other. 6. Sound Levels due to Stationary Sources (1) Complaint Investigation of Stationary Sources The One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) and/or the Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level (LLM)produced by the stationary sources shall be obtained by measurement performed in accordance with Section 7. (2) Approval of Stationary Sources The One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) and/or the Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level (LLM)produced by the stationary sources shall be obtained by measurement or prediction. The esti- mation of the Leq and/or LLM of the stationary source under impact assessment shall reflect the principle of"predictable worst case"noise impact. The"predictable worst case"noise impact occurs during the hour when the difference between the predicted sound level produced by the stationary source and the background sound level of the natural environment is at a maximum. 7. Procedures All sound level measurements and calculations shall be made in accordance with References [3], [6]and[12]. KITCHENER 451.49 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES Sound from existing adjacent stationary sources may be included in the determination of the background One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leg) if such stationary sources of sound are not under consideration for noise abatement by the Municipality or the Ministry of Environment and Energy. 8. Sound Level Limits-General (1) For impulsive sound,other than Quasi-Steady Im- pulsive Sound,from a stationary source,the sound level limit expressed in terms of the Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level (LEM) is the back- ground One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) typically caused by road traffic as obtained pursu- ant to Section 6 for that point of reception. (2) For sound from a stationary source, including Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound but not including other impulsive sound, the sound level limit ex- pressed in terms of the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) is the background One Hour Equiva- lent Sound Level (Leg) typically caused by road traffic as obtained pursuant to Section 6 for that point of reception. 9. Sound Level Limits- Specific Impulsive Sounds (1) For impulsive sound,other than Quasi-Steady Im- pulsive Sound,from a stationary source which is an industrial metal working operation (including but not limited to forging, hammering, punching, stamping, cutting, forming and moulding), the sound level limit at a point of reception expressed in terms of the Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level (LEM) is 60 dBAI, if the stationary source were operating before January 1, 1980, and otherwise is 50 dBAI. (2) For impulsive sound,other than Quasi-Steady Im- pulsive Sound, from a stationary source which is the discharge of firearms on the premises of a li- censed gun club,the sound level imit at a point of reception expressed in terms of the Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level (LEM) is: 70 dBAI if the gun club were operating before January 1, 1980;or 50 dBAI if the gun club began to operate DECEMBER 1996 451.50 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES after January 1, 1980; or the LEM prior to expan- sion. alteration or conversion. (3) For impulsive sound,other than Quasi-Steady Im- pulsive Sound, from a stationary source which is not a blasting operation in a surface mine or quarry, characterized by impulses which are so infrequent that they cannot normally be measured using the procedure for frequent impulses of Reference [3] the sound level limit at a point of reception ex- pressed in terms of the impulse sound level is 100 dBAI. 10. Sound Level Limits-Pest Control Devices (1) For impulsive sound,other than Quasi-Steady Im- pulsive Sound, from a pest control device em- ployed solely to protect growing crops, the sound level limit at a point of reception expressed in terms of the Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level (LEM)is 70 dBAI. (2) For sound, including Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound but not including other impulsive sound, from a pest control device employed solely to pro- tect growing crops,the sound level imit at a point of reception expressed in terms of the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level(Leg)is 60 dBA. 11. Prohibition-Pest Control Devices The operation of a pest control device employed solely to pro- tect growing crops outdoors during the hours of darkness,sun- set to sunrise,is prohibited. 12. Pre-emption The least restrictive sound level limit of Sections 8,9 and 10 ap- plies. 13. Exclusion No restrictions apply to a stationary source resulting in a One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq)lower than the minimum Leq value for that time period, as specified in Table 205-1. KITCHENER 451.51 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES TABLE 205-1 Minimum Values for One Hour Leq by Time of Day One Hour Leq(dBA) Time of Day Class 1 Area Class 2 Area 0700.1900 50 50 1900.2300 47 45 2300.0700 45 45 ANNEX PUBLICATION NPC-205 SOUND LEVEL LIMITS FOR STATIONARY SOURCES IN CLASS 1 AND 2 AREAS(URBAN) A.1. General In general,noises are annoying because they are heard over and above the level of the so-called"background" or surrounding environmental noise climate at a particular location.The stan- dard for environmental noise acceptability ofstationary sources is therefore expressed as the difference between noise from the source and the background noise. The background noise is essentially made up of the road traffic noise which creates an"urban hum".It may also include contri- butions from existing industry or commercial activity adjacent to the stationary source under investigation. Contributions of these secondary noise sources are considered to be a part ofur- ban hum and may be included in the measurements or calcula- tion of the background sound levels,provided that they are not under consideration for noise abatement by the Municipality or the Ministry of Environment and Energy. The sound level limits specified in Section 8 of Publication NPC-205 represent the general limitation on noise produced by stationary sources. Some noises, however, are annoying no matter where or in what kind of environment they exist. High level impulsive noises represent a special category and,conse- quently,are restricted by an absolute limitation. Sections 9 and DECEMBER 1996 451.52 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES 10 of this Publication provide criteria of acceptability for specific impulsive noise sources. A.2. Application The limits presented in Publication NPC-205 are designed for the control of noise from sources located in industrial,commer- cial or residential areas.The limits apply to points of reception located in Class 1 and Class 2 Areas. Sound level limits contained in Publication NPC-205 do not ap- ply to the excluded noise sources listed in Section A.3.(2)and neither do they apply to any equipment, apparatus or device used in agriculture for food crop seeding,chemical spraying or harvesting.In addition,several specific noise sources have been addressed in separate Publications. Limits for residential air conditioners are contained in Publication NPC-216-Residen- tial Air Conditioning Devices,Reference[8]and the limits for blasting operations in quarries and surface mines are contained in Publication NPC-119 Blasting,Reference[7]. A.3. Stationary Source The objective of the definition of a stationary source of sound is to address sources such as industrial and commercial establish- ments or ancillary transportation facilities. In order to further clarify the scope of the definition,the following list identifies examples of installations,equipment,activities or facilities that are included and those that are excluded as stationary sources. A.O Included Sources Individual stationary sources such as: Heating,ventilating and air conditioning(HVAC) equipment; Rotating machinery; Impacting mechanical sources; Generators; Burnett; Grain dryers. Facilities, usually comprising many sources of sound. In this case, the stationary source is understood to encompass all the activities taking place within theproperty boundary of the facil- ity.The following are examples of such facilities: KITCHENER 451.53 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES Industrial facilities; Commercial facilities; Ancillary transportation facilities; Aggregate extraction facilities; Warehousing facilities; Maintenance and repair facilities; Snow disposal sites; Routine loading and unloading facilities (supermarkets, assembly plants,etc.). Other sources such as: Car washes; Race tracks; Firearm Ranges. A.(2) Excluded Source Specific sources or facilities: Construction activities; Transportation corridors,i.e.roadways and railways; Residential air conditioning devices including air condi- tioners and heat pumps; Gas stations; Auditory warning devices required or authorized by law or in accordance with good safety practices; Occasional movement of vehicles on the property such as infrequent delivery of goods to convenience stores, fast food restaurants, etc. Other noise sources,normally addressed in a qualitative man- ner in municipal noise by-laws: The operation of auditory signalling devices,including but not limited to the ringing ofbells or gongs and the blowing ofhoms or sirens or whistles,or the production,reproduction or amplifi- cation of any similar sounds by electronic means; DECEMBER 19965 451.54 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES Noise produced by animals kept as domestic pets such as dogs barking; Tools and devices used by occupants for domestic pur- poses such as domestic power tools, radios and televisions, etc., or activities associated with do- mestic situations such as domestic quarrels, noisy parties,etc.; Noise resulting from gathering of people at facilities such as restaurants and parks. Activities related to essential service and maintenance of public facili- ties such as but not limited to roadways,parks and sewers,in- cluding snow removal, road cleaning, road repair and maintenance,lawn mowing and maintenance,sewage removal, garbage collection,etc. 4. Predicable Worst Case Impact The assessment of noise impact requires the determination of the "predictable worst case" impact. The "predictable worst case"impact assessment should establish the largest noise ex- cess produced by the source over the applicable limit. The as- sessment should reflect a planned and predictable mode of operation of the stationary source. It important to emphasize that the"predictable worst case"impact does not necessarily mean that the sound level of the source is highest;it means that the excess over the limit is largest.For example,the ex- cess over the applicable limit at night may be larger even if the day-time sound level produced by the source is higher. A.5 Definitions In the interpretation of Publication NPC-205,the following definitions are of particular relevance: Ancillary Transportation Facilities "Ancillary transportation facilities" mean subsid- iary locations where operations and activities asso- ciated with the housing of transportation equipment(or personnel)take place. Examples of ancillary transportation facilities include, but are not limited to, substations, vehicle storage and maintenance facilities, fans, fan and vent shafts, mechanical equipment plants, emergency services buildings,etc. KITCHENER 451.55 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES Construction "Construction" includes erection, alteration, re- pair, dismantling, demolition, structural mainte- nance, painting, moving, land clearing, earth moving, grading, excavating, the laying of pipe and conduit whether above or below ground level, street and highway building, concreting, equip- ment installation and alteration and the structural installation of construction components and mate- rials in any form or for any purpose, and includes any work in connection therewith; "construction" excludes activities associated with the operation at waste and snow disposal sites; Construction Equipment "Construction equipment" means any equipment or device designed and intended for use in con- struction, or material handling including but not limited to,air compressors,pile drivers,pneumatic or hydraulic tools,bulldozers,tractors,excavators, trenchers, cranes, derricks, loaders, scrapers,pav- ers, generators, off-highway haulers or trucks, ditchers, compactors and rollers, pumps, concrete mixers, graders, or other material handling equipment; Conveyance "Conveyance"includes a vehicle and any other de- vice employed to transport a person or persons or goods from place to place but does not include any such device or vehicle if operated only within the premises of a person; Highway "Highway" includes a common and public high- way, street, avenue, parkway, driveway, square, place, bridge, viaduct or trestle designed and in- tended for, or used by, the general public for the passage of vehicles; Motor Vehicle "Motor vehicle"includes an automobile,motorcy- cle,and any other vehicle propelled or driven oth- erwise than by muscular power, but does not include the cars of diesel, electric or steam rail- DECEMBER 1996 451.56 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES ways, or other motor vehicles running only upon rails,or a motorized snow vehicle,traction engine, farm tractor, self-propelled implement of hus- bandry or road-building machine within the meaning of the Highway Traffic Act; Motorized Conveyance "Motorized conveyance"means a conveyance pro- pelled or driven otherwise than by muscular,gravi- tational or wind power; Noise "Noise"means unwanted sound; Point of Reception "Point of reception" means any point on the pre- mises of a person where sound or vibration origi- nating from other than those premises is received. For the purpose of approval of new sources,including ver- ifying compliance with section 9 of the Environ- mental Protection Pict, the point of reception may be located on any of the following existing or zoned for future use premises: permanent or sea- sonal residences,hotels/motels,nursing/retirement homes,rental residences,hospitals,camp grounds, and noise sensitive buildings such as schools and places of worship. For equipment/facilities proposed on premises such as nursing/retirement homes, rental residences, hos- pitals, and schools, the point of reception may be located on the same premises. Stationary Source "Stationary source"means a source of sound which does not normally move from place to place and in- cludes the premises of a person as one stationary source, unless the dominant source of sound on those premises is construction or a conveyance. Urban Hum "Urban Hum"means aggregate sound of many un- identifiable, mostly road traffic related noise sources. KITCHENER 451.57 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES SOUND LEVELS DUE TO ROAD TRAFFIC PUBLICATION NPC-206 OCTOBER 1995 Ministry of Environment and Energy DECEMBER 1996 451.58 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES 1. Scope This Publication describes the methods to determine the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) of sound caused by road traffic.The road traffic sound level is used to define sound level limits for the purposes of complaint investigation or approval of stationary sources of sound. The methods apply at a point of reception in any community where the background sound level is dominated by the sound of road traffic,referred to as"urban hum".Highly intrusive short duration noise caused by a source such as an aircraft fly-over or a train pass-by is excluded from the determination of this background sound level. 2. References Reference is made to the following publications: [1]NPC-101 -Technical Definitions [2]NPC-102-Instrumentation [3]NPC-103 -Procedures [5]NPC-205-Sound Level Limits for Stationary Sources in Class 1& 2 Areas(Urban) [I I] ORNAMENT, Ontario Road Noise Analysis Method for Envi- ronment and Transportation Technical Document, Ontario Ministry of the Environment,ISBN 0-7729-6376, 1989 References[1]to[3]can be found in the Model Municipal Noise Con- trol By-Law, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Final Re- port,August 1978. 3. Technical Definitions "Ambient sound level"means Background sound level; `Background sound level"is the sound level that is present in the envi- ronment,produced by noise sources other than the source under impact assessment. Highly intrusive short duration noise caused by a source such as an aircraft fly-over or a train pass-by is excluded from the determination of the background sound level; Other technical terms are defined in Reference[1]. KITCHENER 451.59 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES 4. Sound Levels due to Road Traffic Depending on the application,the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level(Leq)of road traffic shall be obtained either by measure- ment or by calculation.The following procedures shall be used for complaint investigation and for the approval of stationary sources: (1) Complaint Investigation of Stationary Sources The One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) of road traffic may be measured or calculated.Measurements of the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level(L,q)of road traffic shall be carried out using instrumentation described in Reference [2], following procedures for the measurement of varying sound described in Reference[3]. The results of the road traffic Leq measurements must not be af- fected by the sound due to other noise sources: the measure- ments should be performed when the stationary source under impact assessment is not operating.The time interval between the road traffic(Leq)measurements and the measurement of the sound level produced by the stationary source under impact as- sessment should be minimized as much as possible.Preferably, the two measurements should be carried out within one hour of each other. The calculation of the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level(Leq) of road traffic shall be based on the traffic flows observed on the contributing road(s),from which traffic noise is audible at the point of reception, within one hour of the period when the sound from the stationary source is measured. The calculation procedure is described in Reference[11]. (2) Approval of Stationary Sources Measurements of the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level(Leq) of road traffic shall be carried out following procedures for the measurement of varying sound described in Reference[3]. Results of the measurement of the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level(L,q)of road traffic shall reflect the principle of"predict- able worst case" noise impact. The "predictable worst case" noise impact occurs during the hour when the difference be- tween the sound level produced by the stationary source under impact assessment and the sound level due to road traffic is larg- est. DECEMBER 1996 451.60 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES The One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (L,q) of road traffic may be calculated on the basis of traffic flows observed on the contributing road(s),from which traffic noise is audible at the point of reception. The results of calculation of the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (L,q) of road traffic shall reflect the principle of "predictable worst case" noise impact. The calculation procedure is described in Reference[11] KITCHENER 451.61 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES RESIDENTIAL AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES PUBLICATION NPC-216 1993 Ministry of Environment and Energy DECEMBER 1996 451.62 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES 1 Scope This publication sets out sound level imits and sound emission standards for resident air conditioning devices including heat pumps installed in urban areas of Ontario. 2. References Reference is made to the following Publications or revisions thereof: [1]NPC-101 -Technical Definitions [2]NPC-102-Instrumentation [3]NPC-103 -Procedures [4]NPC-104- Sound level Adjustments [6]NPC-206-Sound levels due to Road Traffic [10] ORNAMENT, Ontario Road Noise Analysis Method for Envi- ronment and Transportation, Technical Document, Ontario Ministry of the Environment,ISBN 0-7729-6376(1989). [12]Survey of Outdoor Air Conditioner Noise,Final Report.RAC Re- port #458G, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, ISBN 0-7729-9094-8 (1991). [13]Environmental Noise Guidelines for the Installation of Residen- tial Air Conditioning Devices, Ontario Ministry of Environ- ment and Energy,ISBN 0-7778-1616-4(1994). [14]ARI*Standard 270-84.Sound Rating of Outdoor Unitary Equip- ment. [15] ARI* Standard 275-84. Application of Sound Rated Outdoor Unitary Equipment. [16] ANSI Standard S12.32 -1990. Discrete-Frequency and Nar- row-Band Noise Sources in Reverberation Rooms, Precision Methods for the Determination of Sound Power Levels. References[1]to[6]are also part of the Model Municipal Noise Control By-law,of the Ontario Ministry of the Environment. *Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute,4301 North Fairfax Drive,Suite 425, Arlington,VA 22203 KITCHENER 451.63 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES 3. Technical Definitions "Ambient sound level"is the sound level that is present in the environment,produced by noise sources other than the source under impact assessment. See Background sound level; "Background sound level"means Ambient sound level; "Class 1 Area"means an area with an acoustical environment typical of a major population centre, where the background noise is dominated by the urban hum. "Class 2 Area"means a area with an acoustical environment that has qualities representative of both Class 1 and Class 3 Areas,and in which a low ambient sound level,normally occurring only between 23:00 and 07:00 hours in Class 1 Areas,will typically be realized as early as 19:00 hours. Other characteristics which may indicate the presence of Class 2 Area include: • absence of urban hum between 19:00 and 23:00 hours; • ambient sound level is defined by natural environ- ment and infrequent human activity; and • no clearly audible sound from stationary sources other than those under consideration. "Class 3 Area"means an area with an acoustical environment that is dominated by natural sounds typical of agricultural or wilder- ness areas and having little or no road traffic, such as the following: * a small community with less than 1000 population; * farm land or land zoned rural or agricultural; * a rural recreational area such as a cottage or a resort area; or * a wilderness area. *In the context of this publication,the stationary sources under consideration are residen- tial air conditioning devices. DECEMBER 1996 451.64 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES 4. Sound Level Limits for Air Conditioning Devices. Either the general sound level limit in Section 4.(1)or the spe- cific sound level limit in Section 4.(3)shall apply to an air con- ditioning device. The less restrictive of these two limits shall prevail. (1) General Sound Level Limit The general sound level limit (shown in Table 216-1 and determined in accordance with Section 4.(2))is 5 dBA greater than a one hour equivalent sound level(Leq)caused by road traffic at the point of reception during the period of 07:00 to 21:00 hours.The specific hour is to be determined by the noise control officer based on the assessment ofan- noyance by the complainant. TABLE 216-1 GENERAL SOUND LEVEL LIMIT All Air Conditioning Devices Area Type Leq(dBA) Class I One Hour Equivalent Sound Level(Leq)of and road traffic 5 dBA measured during the Class 2 period of 07:00 to 21:00 hours (2) Establishment of the General Sound Level Limit The general sound level limit shall be established through measurements or calculation of the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level(Leq)caused by road traffic as obtained pursuant to Reference[6]at the point of reception. (3) Specific Sound Level Limits Specific sound level limits are identified in Table 216-2 for two types of residential air conditioning devices as minimum limits of compliance. KITCHENER 451.65 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES TABLE 216-2 SPECIFIC SOUND LEVEL LIMITS Central Air Conditioning Devices Area Type One Hour Leq(dBA) Class 2 45 Class 1 50* Window or Through-the-Wall Air Conditioning Devices Area Type One Hour Leq(dBA) Class 2 45 Class 1 50 * When the devices are mandatory requirements for noise control in the interior living spaces of new land use de- velopments,the specific sound level limit is one hour Leq =55 dBA. 5. Sound Levels from Installed Air Conditioning Devices To determine if an installed air conditioning device complies with the sound level limits, the sound level due to the device must be measured following the procedure described in Refer- ence[3]. The Procedure assumes that the measured sound is dominated by the source under investigation(air conditioning device).To ensure that the measured sound is dominated by the air condi- tioning device, sound level measurements must be carried out separately with,and without the device in operation. The measurement of the background sound level,i.e. without the air conditioning device operating, is carried out in accor- dance with the procedure described in Reference[3]. If the change in sound level measured separately with, and without the air conditioning device is less than 10 dBA,a cor- rection shall be made to determine the contribution ofthe exist- ing background sound levels to the overall measured sound level.Table 216-3 provides correction values and a example of the calculation. DECEMBER 1996 451.66 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES TABLE 216-3 PROCEDURE RECOMMENDED TO SEPARATE THE SOUND LEVEL OF AN AIR CONDITIONING DEVICE FROM THE BACKGROUND SOUND LEVEL Change in dBA of Sound Level Correction dBA to be with and without Unit in Operation Subtracted from Higher Sound Level to Obtain Sound Level from Device 10 or more 0 7 to 9 1 4 to 6 2 3 3 2 4 1 6 0 10 Example: Sound level without unit in operation =45 dBA Sound level with unit in operation =50 dBA Change =5dBA Correction from Table =2 dBA Unit sound level =50-2 =48dBA 6. Sound Emission Standards Table 216-4 gives the sound emission standards for new resi- dential central air conditioning devices. KITCHENER 451.67 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES TABLE 216-4 SOUND EMISSION STANDARDS FOR RESIDENTIAL CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES Date of Size(BTUH) Maximum ARlStandard* Manufacture Sound Rating(bells) After 1990-12-31 38,900 or less 8.0 and before 1992-01-01 After 1991-12-31 38,900 or less 7.6 and 1995-01-01 After 1994-12-31 38,900 or less (Under discussion with the industry to assess feasibility of reduction) BTUH=British Thermal Unit for an Hour *Measurement procedure as per Reference[14]. ANNEX EXPLANATORY NOTES TO PUBLICATION NPC-216 RESIDENTIAL AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES A.1. Sound Level Measurements- Summary Verification ofcompliance ofthe air conditioner and heat pump units with the sound level limits can be accomplished through measurements using a properly calibrated sound level meter which meets the required standard specifications. Details of the instrument specifications are included in Refer- ence[2]. The measurements shall be performed outdoors at a sensitive location on neighbouring residential property in the vicinity of the air conditioning device,where the sound ofthe device may cause annoyance.Typically this wouldbe a patio or a window. The measurements may also be required at a point ofreception in the plane of an open window facing the unit to ensure that the JANUARY 2005 451.68 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES sound level at noise sensitive indoor spaces in a neighbouring residence is not in excess of the guideline limits. Details the measurement procedure are included in Reference[3]. A.2. Sound Level Limits People's response to noise varies depending upon the commu- nity's as well as the individual's economic and social relation- ship to the source.The sound level limits for air conditioner and heat pump noise were established based on the results of socio- logical surveys of large numbers of people and represent what is considered to be the onset of significant degradation of the noise environment relative to the expectations of the general population. The sound level limits are receptor oriented,i.e. they apply at any noise sensitive location within a Class 2 or Class 1 Area(as defined in NPC-216)at which sound from the air conditioning device may cause annoyance. The specific limits shown in Table 216-2 are expressed in terms of the one hour equivalent sound level L,q,and apply to recep- tor locations in Class 1 and Class 2 Areas. A separate limit applies to those receptor locations in Class 1 Areas where the unit was a mandatory requirement for noise control of the interior living space in new land use develop- ments. Apreemption in the form of general imit applies in an area of a relatively high background noise caused by road traffic as shown in Table 216-1.In accordance with this pre-emption,the existing background sound level,if higher than the limits in Ta- ble 216-2, represents the criterion of acceptability for the air conditioning device operation. In addition, the general limits are increased by 5 dBA for any hour from 07:00 to 21:00 hours. The period of assessment was chosen in accordance with the findings of a sociological survey conducted in 1990,Reference [12]. A.3. Complaint Investigation Investigators of a complaint against installed air conditioning devices must carry out sound level measurements at the recep- tor location(s).The measurements are to be made in accordance with methods identified in Section A.1.The operating sound of the air conditioning device and the background sound consist- KITCHENER 451.69 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES ing of the road traffic noise must be measured at the same loca- tion,separately.While the background sound level is measured the air conditioning device must be turned off. Contributions from aircraft and rail noise sources must be inhibited at all times.Unattended measurements are not recommended.Atmo- spheric conditions may have significant influence on the ambi- ent sound levels,for details see Reference[3]. The sound level of an installed air conditioning device may be calculated from the sound levels measured with the device op- erating(device plus background noise)and without it operating (background only).The procedure is described in Section 5.A correction value is determined between these two sound levels. Subtracting this correction from the higher sound level (mea- sured with the device in operation)gives the sound level due to the air conditioning device itself. See Table 216-3. Determination of the road traffic sound level is to be made by the noise control officer based on the assessment of the annoy- ance by the complainant(s). The time of highest annoyance within the time period of 07:00 to 21:00 is to fall in the selected one hour of the road traffic noise. A.4. Installation of Air Conditioning Devices Purchasers and installers of air conditioning devices have to be cognizant of the MOEE guideline on the Sound Emission Stan- dards listed in Table 216-4.Further explanation of the standards is provided in Section A.5.Only units meeting the requirements of Table 216-4 may be installed in Ontario. For guidance on the selection,location or sound rating of the air conditioning devices or for the method to estimate the sound levels,installers should refer to Reference[13]. Installation of units that are in compliance with the sound emis- sion standard must also be in compliance with the point of re- ception sound level limits, i.e. complying with the least restrictive sound level imit of Tables 216-1 and 216-2. If the calculated sound level of the unit is in excess of the spe- cific sound level limit(Table 216-2), the general sound level limit is to be determined.If both limits are exceeded by the cal- culated levels then alteration is needed in one or more of the fol- lowing:the size or make of unit,its location or the type of noise DECEMBER 1996 451.70 KITCHENER NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES reducing installation treatment(use of barrier or enclosure). Owners of installed units producing a sound level in excess of the sound level imits will be required to reduce the noise of the unit,when faced with complaints. Noise abatement is more expensive and less cost effective than a proper installation. A.5. Sound Emission Standards In contrast to the sound level imits which apply at the point of reception, sound emission standards are source oriented, and are based on the concept of sound power level which is a basic measure of the acoustic output of a noise source. The sound level of the air conditioner or heat pump at a receptor location depends on many factors such as distance separation, unit's orientation with respect to the receptor, presence of shielding objects or structures,intervening terrain,topography and ground cover between the unit and receptor, as well as on atmospheric conditions,all of which are independent of the ac- tual sound emission of the unit. Sound power on the other hand is a fundamental property of the acoustic source alone and is, therefore, an important absolute parameter which is widely used for rating and comparing sound sources. The rating of air conditioner and heat pump equipment is desig- nated as the ARI Sound Rating(SR*) and is provided by the manufacturer of the device. The Sound Rating is based on laboratory tests performed at Standard Rating Conditions in accordance with References [14]and[16].The SR is an indicator of the sound power level of the equipment,the lower the SR,the lower the sound power of the air conditioner or heat pump. Sound Emission Standards in Table 216-4 apply to central air conditioning devices only and not for window or through-the-wall units. The maximum acceptable ARI Standard Sound Ratings shown in Table 216-4 are set in accordance with the date of manufac- KITCHENER 451.71 DECEMBER 1996 NOISE-AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES ture.Two Sound Emission Standards,8.0 and 7.6 bets are speci- fied for air conditioner and heat pump units manufactured during 1991, and during 1992 through 1994 respectively. The Sound Emission Standard applies to unit that are sized at 3 8,900 BtuH capacity or less.The emission limits projected after 1994 are under discussion with the industry to access the feasibility of reduction. *SR is a tone corrected A-weighted sound power level,expressed in bels. DECEMBER 1996 451.72 KITCHENER