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Home My WebLink AboutDSD-19-231 - Waterloo Region Community Climate Adaptation PlanREPORT TO:Community and Infrastructure Services Committee th DATE OF MEETING:September 30, 2019 SUBMITTED BY:Claire Bennett, Corporate Sustainability Officer, x7322 PREPARED BY:Claire Bennett, Corporate Sustainability Officer, x7322 WARD (S) INVOLVED:All th DATE OF REPORT:September 12, 2019 REPORT NO.:DSD19231 SUBJECT:Waterloo Region Community Climate Adaptation Plan ___________________________________________________________________________ RECOMMENDATION: THAT Council receivethe Draft Community Climate Adaptation Plan, completed by the Region of Waterloo,for information. BACKGROUND: ActionPlan was endorsed by Council in April2019 (DSD -2019-094corporate plan includesgoals and actions for climate adaptation to confrontthe effects of climate change on Cityassets, operations, and services that are the direct responsibility of the City.corporate plan, the Region of Waterloo has been developing acommunity-leveladaptation plan, which is the topic of this report. REPORT: The overall goal of the Community Climate Adaptation Plan is to improve the resiliency of Waterloo Region to the impacts of climate change. Theadaptation plan includes community-wideactions that can be carried out by various community stakeholders across Waterloo Region. As alocal municipality, the City of Kitchener will play a key role in helpingimplement the RegionalPlan. The City will participate in working groups and incorporate the recommendations of theplan into the Cityexisting and future strategic plans and projects, where feasible and appropriate. One of the primaryroles of the City will be to continue staff- level involvement in the Community Partners Group an inter-agency working group. As the intent has always been to explore integrated solutions where there is joint interest, capacity, pexisting strategic plans. Appendix A includes theas well as a link to the full plan, which was recently presented to the Regional Planning and Works Committee. ***This information is available in accessible formats upon request. *** Please call 519-741-2345 or TTY 1-866-969-9994for assistance. IF1 - 1 ALIGNMENT WITH CITY OF KITCHENER STRATEGIC PLAN: Strategic Priority:Environmental Leadership FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS: As a community partner, the City will play a role in helping will generally take the form of staff hours through participationin working groups and existing and planned City projects and practices,where feasible and appropriate. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT: The Region created a stakeholder groupof a variety of stakeholders, whichincluded applicable City of Kitchener representatives;theprimary representative isSteve LaRochelle, Manager: Emergency Management & Business Continuity. INFORM council / committee meeting. ACKNOWLEDGED BY: Justin Readman, GM Development Services IF1 - 2 The purpose of the Community Climate Adaptation Plan (CCA Plan)is to continually through increased local adaptive capacity and collaboration among community stakeholders. This document provides a high-level overview of the draft Plan including the following: the key features of the Plan development process; an explanation of the way in which climate change impacts were assessed and prioritized, and the way in which solutions were identified; and highlights of next steps and implementation considerations. For more details on these processes and on the resulting proposed Objectives and Actions, please see the full draft Community Climate Adaptation Plan, posted on the Climate Change and Extreme Weather website. The following list of Objectives and Actions outlines an action plan for the community as a whole to adapt to a changing climate here in Waterloo Region. The list is arranged into the following four impact areas: Health and Community, Built Environment, Natural Environment and Water, and Energy and Economy. Health and Community Ob©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΐȀ (¤«¯ µ´«¤± ¡«¤ ¯®¯´« ³¨®² µ®¨£ ®± ±¤£´¢¤ ³§¤ §¤ «³§ȃ±¤« ³¤£ ±¨²ª² ®¥ ¤·³±¤¬¤ ¶¤ ³§¤± £ ³¤¬¯¤± ³´±¤²ȁ Action 1.1: Raise awareness of policies and practices to protect workers from extreme temperatures and weather conditions Action 1.2: Explore opportunities to expand current Cooling and Warming Centre programming Action 1.3: Explore opportunities to offer improved access to cooling and hydration in public spaces and at public events during hot summer months 5ƚĭǒƒĻƓƷ bǒƒĬĻƩʹ ЌЉЎЊЊБА Њ IF1 - 3 Action 1.4: Continue ongoing work to provide supportive and affordable housing as a means of reducing climate related impacts Action 1.5: Coordinate local efforts to address excessive indoor temperatures in rental housing Action 1.6: Include mental health considerations as part of emergency preparation and recovery-related information, and in overall climate adaptation messaging registries to guide emergency responders and/or other assistance programs to reduce health impacts in extreme weather events /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΑȀ )¬¯±®µ¤ ³§¤ ¯¤±²® « ¯±¤¯ ±¤£¤²² ®¥ ¢®¬¬´¨³¸ ¬¤¬¡¤±² ³® ±¤²¯®£ ³® ¤¬¤±¦¤¢¨¤² Action 2.1: Coordinate public outreach and education on the personal risks and best practices for responding to climate change and extreme weather impacts Action 2.2: Increase the uptake of household emergency kits /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΒȀ %¢®´± ¦¤ ¢®¬¬´¨³¸ȃ¡ ²¤£ ¨¨³¨ ³¨µ¤² ³® ¨¬¯±®µ¤ ¢®¬¬´¨³¸ ¬¤¬¡¤±²͒ ±¤²¨«¨¤¢¤ ³® ¤·³±¤¬¤ ¶¤ ³§¤± ¤µ¤³² Action 3.1: Continue to update existing municipal and regional emergency preparedness and response plans with increased emphasis on protecting, communicating with and helping vulnerable populations during weather-related emergencies Action 3.2: Establish buddy systems/help-your-neighbour programs to implement during extreme weather events /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΓȀ -®¨³®± £ ¯« ¥®± ³§¤ ¯®³¤³¨ « ¨³±®£´¢³¨® ®¥ ¤¶ µ¤¢³®±² £ µ¤¢³®±ȃ¡®±¤ ¨««¤²²¤² ³® ³§¤ ¢®¬¬´¨³¸ Action 4.1: Develop and promote educational tools and resources concerning disease vector recognition and prevention 5ƚĭǒƒĻƓƷ bǒƒĬĻƩʹ ЌЉЎЊЊБА Ћ IF1 - 4 Built Environment /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΔȀ )¢®±¯®± ³¤ ¢«¨¬ ³¤ ¢§ ¦¤ ¨³® ¥´³´±¤ « £ ´²¤Ǿ £¤µ¤«®¯¬¤³ £ ¢®²³±´¢³¨®Ǿ £ ¨¬¯±®µ¤ ³§¤ ±¤²¨«¨¤¢¤ ®¥ ¤·¨²³¨¦ ¡´¨«£¨¦² ³® ¢«¨¬ ³¤ȃ ±¤« ³¤£ ±¨²ª²! Action 5.1: Collaborate with local partners on available mapping tools, and share best practices for creating, interpreting and utilizing localized heat- and flood-risk maps to guide adaptation policies and programs Action 5.2: Explore opportunities for increased climate resiliency of new buildings through local adoption of upcoming national or provincial building standards Action 5.3: Seek opportunities to incorporate shade features in new development and on existing properties to reduce the urban heat island (UHI) effect Action 5.4: Seek opportunities to reduce flood risks by considering Low Impact Development (LID) features, green infrastructure, and building upgrades Action 5.5: Encourage homeowners and landlords to improve the climate resilience of residential buildings through upgrades and/or retrofits Action 5.6: Encourage local businesses and managers of commercial properties to proactively improve the climate resilience of their buildings /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΕȀ )¬¯±®µ¤ ³§¤ «®¦¤µ¨³¸ £ ±¤²¨«¨¤¢¤ ®¥ ¨¥± ²³±´¢³´±¤ ³® ¤·³±¤¬¤ ¶¤ ³§¤± £ ³¤¬¯¤± ³´±¤² Action 6.1: Periodically review materials, design options, and best practices for new climate-resilient infrastructure, and share best practices between municipalities and other key stakeholders across Waterloo Region Action 6.2: Encourage property owners and managers to keep storm drains clear of leaves and other debris to reduce the risk of flooding /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΖȀ 2¤£´¢¤ ³± ²¯®±³ ³¨® £¨²±´¯³¨®² £´¤ ³® ¤·³±¤¬¤ ¶¤ ³§¤± ¤µ¤³² £ ¨¬¯±®µ¤ ² ¥¤³¸ ®¥ ³± µ¤« ® ±® £²Ǿ ²¨£¤¶ «ª² £ ³± ¨«² Action 7.1: Promote safer travel practices, choices and alternatives throughout the region Action 7.2: Explore how traffic flows and communications across municipal boundaries can be enhanced to better facilitate emergency response and business continuity in severe weather events Action 7.3: Improve winter travel conditions for pedestrians 5ƚĭǒƒĻƓƷ bǒƒĬĻƩʹ ЌЉЎЊЊБА Ќ IF1 - 5 Natural Environment and Water /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΗȀ %·¯ £ ³§¤ ´²¤ ®¥ ³´± « ¥¤ ³´±¤² £ ¦±¤¤ ¨¥± ²³±´¢³´±¤ ³® ¡¤³³¤± ¬ ¦¤ ²³®±¬ ¶ ³¤± ±´®¥¥ £ £¤¢±¤ ²¤ ¥«®®£ ±¨²ª Action 8.1: Continue seeking opportunities to protect riparian zones, wetlands and other natural areas to help manage storm water and flood risk Action 8.2: Continue seeking opportunities to acquire or dedicate land and natural areas for conservation, and to enhance the management and restoration of existing natural areas /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΘȀ #®²¤±µ¤ £ ¯±®³¤¢³ ²´±¥ ¢¤ ¶ ³¤± £ ¦±®´£¶ ³¤± ±¤²®´±¢¤² ¥±®¬ ´±¡ ±´®¥¥ ¯®««´³¨® Action 9.1: Explore opportunities to improve snow- and ice-clearing response methods to reflect changing weather patterns, and aim to effectively clear roads, parking lots and walking surfaces with less salt Action 9.2: Enable residents and landowners to adopt landscaping practices that improve water infiltration or reduce the need for watering /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΐΏȀ -®¨³®±Ǿ ¢®®±£¨ ³¤Ǿ ¯« ¥®± £ ¬¨³¨¦ ³¤ ³§¤ ²¯±¤ £ ®¥ ¨µ ²¨µ¤ ²¯¤¢¨¤² ¨ ³§¤ ³´± « ¤µ¨±®¬¤³ Action 10.1: Encourage and support broad community participation in the detection and management of invasive species /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΐΐȀ -®¨³®±Ǿ ¬ ¨³ ¨ £ ¨¬¯±®µ¤ ³§¤ £¨µ¤±²¨³¸ £ ±¤²¨«¨¤¢¸ ®¥ ´±¡ ³±¤¤² £ ¥®±¤²³² Action 11.1: Work with local partners to explore opportunities for tree planting, tree maintenance, and other strategies to improve tree coverage in urban areas /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΐΑȀ - ·¨¬¨¹¤ ¤¥¥¤¢³¨µ¤ ´³±¨¤³ ¬ ¦¤¬¤³ £ ±¤³¤³¨® ³® ±¤£´¢¤ ±´®¥¥ ¥±®¬ ¦±¨¢´«³´± « ¯± ¢³¨¢¤² Action 12.1: Continue to support and explore opportunities to enhance or improve the Rural Water Quality Program Action 12.2: Explore opportunities to better understand and share best practices to address agricultural water quality issues and risks 5ƚĭǒƒĻƓƷ bǒƒĬĻƩʹ ЌЉЎЊЊБА Ѝ IF1 - 6 Energy and Economy /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΐΒȀ )¬¯±®µ¤ ³§¤ ±¤²¨«¨¤¢¤ ®¥ ¤¤±¦¸ ¨¥± ²³±´¢³´±¤ ³® ¶¤ ³§¤±ȃ ±¤« ³¤£ £¨²±´¯³¨®² Action 13.1: Explore opportunities and feasibility of decentralized energy generation, storage, and distribution in Waterloo Region Action 13.2: Increase the resilience of electricity distribution infrastructure to extreme weather events through strategic planning and retrofits /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΐΓȀ % ¡«¤ «®¢ « ®±¦ ¨¹ ³¨®²Ǿ ¡´²¨¤²²¤² £ ¢®¬¬´¨³¸ ¬¤¬¡¤±² ³® ¡¤ ¬®±¤ ±¤²¨«¨¤³ ³® ¯®¶¤± ¨³¤±±´¯³¨®² Action 14.1: Encourage critical and important services in the community to have adequate, working backup power /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤ ΐΔȀ %¢®´± ¦¤ «®¢ « ¡´²¨¤²²¤² £ ®³§¤± ®±¦ ¨¹ ³¨®² ³® ¨£¤³¨¥¸ £ ¯« ¥®± ¢«¨¬ ³¤ȃ±¤« ³¤£ ±¨²ª² £ ®¯¯®±³´¨³¨¤² ³§ ³ ¬ ¸ ¥¥¤¢³ ³§¤¨± ¡´²¨¤²² ¢³¨µ¨³¨¤² £ȝ®± °´ «¨³¸ ®¥ ²¤±µ¨¢¤ Action 15.1: Encourage community organizations and businesses to develop their own climate adaptation plans and to include climate adaptation in emergency response plans Action 15.2: Increase the availability and accessibility of climate-related datasets to assist developers, local businesses and other organizations This section outlines the role the Community Climate Adaptation Plan plays in local climate change efforts, and the details of the plan development process. Where the CCA Plan fits in local climate change efforts The Community Climate Adaptation Plan will play a crucial role in the diverse climate change planning happening across Waterloo Region. The Plan focuses on what the community as a whole needs to do to adapt to a changing climate here in Waterloo Region. Many individual stakeholders are completing corporate and organizational climate adaptation planning work to prepare their organizations for climate change, including municipalities While this crucial work must be done to adapt to climate change, additional work continues to mitigate climate change by reducing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that Waterloo Region produces. Community-level work to mitigate climate change is led by Climate Action Waterloo Region through the Climate Action Plan. Municipalities and 5ƚĭǒƒĻƓƷ bǒƒĬĻƩʹ ЌЉЎЊЊБА Ў IF1 - 7 businesses continue to address their GHG emissions through corporate-scope plans and targets. Key features of the Plan development process Three key features are foundational to the development process for this draft Plan: the ICLEI BARC Framework, the community-wide focus, and the Community Partners and community stakeholders. )#,%) "!2# &± ¬¤¶®±ª To complete the climate adaptation planning process, the Region retained ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI Canada) in June 2017 for facilitation and technical support under their Building Adaptive and Resilient Communities program or BARC,a framework developed specifically for municipalities to undertake climate adaptation planning. The Region has completed the first two milestones of the ICLEI BARC framework, and the completion of the Community Climate Adaptation Plan will fulfill Milestone 3. Table 1: ICLEI BARC Adaptation Framework Milestones ICLEI BARC MilestoneOverview of Tasks Identify stakeholders, buildcore 1)Initiateteam, inventory existing actions, gain initial council support Prepare climate projections, identify impacts, conduct 2)Research vulnerability and risk assessments Identify options and Actions,, 3)Plan Develop and launch ActionPlan Solidifysupport from Community 4)ImplementPartners and Council, implement Action Plan Assess new information, review 5)Monitor andReview and revise Action Plan #®¬¬´¨³¸ȃ¶¨£¤ ¥®¢´² Local municipalities, including the Region of Waterloo, are working toward adapting their own operations to address the impacts of climate change. The Community Climate Adaptation Plan aligns with and builds on these efforts, to focus on impacts and risks 5ƚĭǒƒĻƓƷ bǒƒĬĻƩʹ ЌЉЎЊЊБА Џ IF1 - 8 that affect people and organizations across Waterloo Region and that must be addressed with participation from across the community. The Region has played a foundational role in facilitating the development of the draft Plan, working to ensure that the perspectivesandadaptation Actions contained in it are community-wide in scope. Participation and leadership from diverse actors across the community informed both the process used to develop the Plan and the Actions that it identifies. #®¬¬´¨³¸ 0 ±³¤±² £ ¢®¬¬´¨³¸ ²³ ª¤§®«£¤±² Due to the community-wide focus of the plan,the Community Partners group served as a guiding force through the key steps involved in assessing the potential problems climate change will create for our community and identifying solutions. Their contributions and expertise were central to the inputs and outputs of all stages of the process. The Community Partners group includes individuals from key public sector, academic, and community organizations. In addition to the focused and continuing work of the formal Community Partners, consultation of and engagement with a broader range of community stakeholders and members of the public has contributed a breadth of perspectives to the process and fostered awareness of diverse priorities. Assessing the problem Potential climate impacts The climate adaptation planning process began with an assessment of the possible impacts of climate change on Waterloo Region,followed by assessments of how vulnerable we are, how likely it is to happen, what consequences it would have. The Community Partners provided their expertise and guidance, and a broader group of community stakeholders and municipal staff were engaged to provide their perspectives, contributing to a multifaceted understanding of vulnerability and risk rse communities. )¬¯ ¢³ ²³ ³¤¬¤³² A selection of 40 impact statements were identified based on local climate projections developed at the University of Waterloo. These impact statements were identified by the Region and representatives from the GRCA and Cities of Cambridge, Kitchener and Waterloo, with guidance from ICLEI Canada and validation/revisions by the Community Partners in future planning stages. Impact statements described how the climate projections for Waterloo Region might affect the community, such as extreme precipitation events can lead to road washouts, bridge closures, and 5ƚĭǒƒĻƓƷ bǒƒĬĻƩʹ ЌЉЎЊЊБА А IF1 - 9 6´«¤± ¡¨«¨³¸ ²²¤²²¬¤³ In the vulnerability assessment, each impact statement was assessed to indicate how much the community would be affected by each impact (our local capacity the community would have to address such an impact (our indicate how vulnerable the community would be to the impact. Each impact was scored on sensitivity and adaptive capacity, producing a vulnerability score ranging from V1 to V5. Of the 40 impacts, 36 were selected to continue into the risk assessment, based on higher vulnerability scores and the assessment of local experts. 2¨²ª ²²¤²²¬¤³ For the risk assessment, the 36 impact statements were assessed based on the perceived likelihood and consequences of their occurrence. Likelihood was assessed on a scale of 1 (Rare: unlikely in the next 25 years) to 5 (Almost Certain: could occur several times per year). Consequences were assessed across twelve (12) factors, with ratings from 1 (Negligible consequences) to 5 (Catastrophic consequences). These 12 criteria fall under 3 categories as presented in Table 1. Table 2: Consequence Categories Social FactorsEconomic FactorsEnvironmental Factors Public Health & SafetyProperty DamageAir DisplacementLocal Economy & GrowthSoil & Vegetation Loss of livelihoodCommunity LivabilityWater Cultural AspectsPublic AdministrationEcosystem Function The risk score for each impact was calculated by adding the consequences scores together, and then multiplying by the likelihood score. Each impact was assigned three category-specific risk scores and one overall risk score. The category-specific scores helped to ensure that impacts with high risks in one category but low risks in others would still be captured, even if the overall risk score was lower. Each impact received three risk scores one for each consequence category on a scale out of 100, and a cumulative risk score was assigned for each impact out of 300. 0±¨®±¨³¨¹¨¦ ¨¬¯ ¢³² Impacts were prioritized as a result of the risk scores. Impacts were identified as priority impacts if they received an overall risk score of Medium or higher (123 or more out of 300). This identified 14 priority impacts. 5ƚĭǒƒĻƓƷ bǒƒĬĻƩʹ ЌЉЎЊЊБА Б IF1 - 10 Additional impacts were included if they received a single category score of Medium or higher (41 or more out of 100), and if they were also identified by subject-matter experts or community members as being of considerable concern. This process prioritized 6 additional impacts, for a total of 20 impacts prioritized for consideration in the action planning stage. Identifying solutions Adaptation actions To identify potential ways to avoid or reduce the 20 identified priority impacts, a list of Objectives and corresponding adaptation Actions were created. These would need to purpose to weather and climate change impacts through increased local adaptive capacity and collaboration among community stakeholders. To ensure this, the Actions would need to meet the Guiding Principles set early in the process, and the Goals and Objectives identified in response to the Risk Assessment. '´¨£¨¦ 0±¨¢¨¯«¤² Four Guiding Principles were identified by the Community Partners and the Region of Waterloo. These Principles were selected to inform brainstorming, planning and implementing any of the Actions in the CCA Plan: 1. Identify adaptation Actions that are equitable and responsive to the most vulnerable in our community 2. Maximize long-term sustainability and co-benefits of adaptation Actions for local economic, social and environmental priorities 3. Build awareness, understanding and ownership of adaptation Actions throughout the community 4. Enable a collaborative and innovative environment for the community to learn by doing and adopt a continuous improvement approach '® «² Based on the identified priority impacts, the Community Partners identified one Goal for each of the four impact areas to serve as ahigh-level intention for the community to strive for, and to provide a framework for the eventual structure of the Plan: Table 3: Goals for the CCA Plan Impact AreaGoal 1)Health and Community extreme weather impacts and changing climate conditions 2)Built EnvironmentImprove the climate resiliency of the built environment in terms of its long-term durability and functionality 5ƚĭǒƒĻƓƷ bǒƒĬĻƩʹ ЌЉЎЊЊБА В IF1 - 11 Impact AreaGoal 3)Natural Environment Preserve, restore and enhance local biodiversity and the and Waterresilience of the natural environment and water resources throughout the region 4)Energy and EconomyIncrease the resilience of local energy systems and businesses in a changing climate to enable a thriving regional economy )£¤³¨¥¸¨¦ £ ±¤¥¨¨¦ /¡©¤¢³¨µ¤² £ !¢³¨®² Following the selection of the Goals, the Community Partners identified three to five Objectives per goal. The Objectives identify the general ways in which our community intends to overcome the priority impacts. There were 15Objectives identified by the Community Partners. Following the selection of Objectives, several meetings were held with diverse stakeholder groups and community members to brainstorm and refine possible actions. In addition to several workshops with the Community Partners, events included a community forum and a business breakfast. To reach people using other formats, consultations were conducted online using EngageWR, and questions on climate change adaptation were included in a telephone and online survey of members of the public. Meetings were also conducted with municipal staff at the Region of Waterloo and Area Municipalities whose work is connected to the Objectives and Actions. To address the first Guiding Principle regarding equity, the Sustainable Societies Consulting Group was retained to explore the needs of marginalized community members with respect to climate change adaptation. They conducted outreach to social service providers, community/neighbourhood groups, people with lived experiences of marginalization, and Indigenous people living in the community. The collaborative process to refine and target the Objectives and Actions has been ongoing, and has been informed by the desire to ensure that they are locally feasible and effective. Next Steps and Implementation As outlined in the ICLEI BARC framework, finalization of this plan will be followed by work toward Milestone 4 (Implement) and Milestone 5 (Monitor and Review). The next steps involved in implementing each Action take one or more of the following four main forms: 1. Researching and collecting data 2. Communicating and educating 3. Collaborating and building partnerships 4. Changing policies and practices 5ƚĭǒƒĻƓƷ bǒƒĬĻƩʹ ЌЉЎЊЊБА ЊЉ IF1 - 12 The community has played a central role in the development of this Plan, and will continue to play a central a role in its implementation. This focus on community involvement is due both to the vision of the Plan and to the complex challenges and threats of a changing climate. As a result, the Community Partners group that provided crucial guidance during plan development will continue to provide guidance through the life of the Plan during ongoing implementation and monitoring cycles. The Region of Waterloo will also play a central role in these phases, serving as the institutional home for the community-wide Plan. The primary roles filled by the Region will include general staff support, convening the Community Partners, Action monitoring, and mid-term and five-year reporting. 4¨¬¤«¨¤² £ 3¢§¤£´«¤² As detailed in the Actions section of the Plan, the ultimate success of the CCA Plan will rely on the continuing work of potential partners identified for each Action. Due to the community focus of this plan and the need for the adaptation Actions to be completed by diverse actors across the region, this plan does not prioritize certain actions over others for order of implementation. Timelines and schedules for implementation will be unique to each individual Action, and will be determined collaboratively with potential partners considering their current and future plans and capacity. Work to implement the Actions identified in the plan will be assessed on a 5-year monitoring cycle. Every 5 years, the plan will be revised to reflect the work completed to date and the climate change adaptation challenges that remain for our community. Through this ongoing implementation and periodic monitoring, the Plan will fulfill its mandate to climate change impacts through increased local adaptive capacity and collaboration among community stakeholders. 5ƚĭǒƒĻƓƷ bǒƒĬĻƩʹ ЌЉЎЊЊБА ЊЊ IF1 - 13