Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutDSD-2021-001 - Heritage Permit Application HPA-2021-IV-001 - 38 Shirk PlaceREPORT TO:Heritage Kitchener DATE OF MEETING:January 5, 2021 SUBMITTED BY:Bustamante, Rosa - Director of Planning,519-741-2200ext. 7319 PREPARED BY:Grohn, Victoria – Heritage Planner,519-741-2200ext. 7041 WARD(S) INVOLVED:Ward 1 DATE OF REPORT: December 22, 2020 REPORT NO.:DSD-21-001 SUBJECT:HPA-2021-IV-001 38 Shirk Place Replacement of roof, replacement of windows, restoration of dormers, and construction of second storey rear addition RECOMMENDATION: That pursuant to Section 33 of the Ontario Heritage Act, Heritage Permit Application HPA-2021-IV-001 be approved to permit the replacement of the roof; replacement of windows; restoration of roof dormers; and construction of a second story rear addition on the property municipally addressed as 38 Shirk Place, in accordance with the plans and supplementary information submitted with the application and subject to the following condition: 1.That final building permit drawings be reviewed and heritage clearance provided by Heritage Planning staff prior to the issuance of a building permit. REPORT HIGHLIGHTS: This report supports the delivery of core services. BACKGROUND: The Development Services Department is in receipt of Heritage Permit Application HPA- 2021-IV-001 which is seeking permission to replace the roof, replace the windows, restore the roof dormers, and construct a second storey rear addition on the property municipally addressed as 38 Shirk Place. REPORT: The subject property is located on the north side of Shirk Place, between Lancaster Street West and Woolwich Street in the Bridgeport West community. The dwelling was constructed *** This information is available in accessible formats upon request. *** Please call 519-741-2345 or TTY 1-866-969-9994 for assistance. 1 - 1 c. 1840 as the residence of Jacob Shoemaker, one of the founders of the Village of Bridgeport. The property was designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act in 1984. Location Map: 38 Shirk Place Cultural Heritage Value or Interest Designation by-law 84-28 identifies the total exterior of the dwelling to be of architectural value and the following attributes to be of particular interest: 12 over 12 and 8 over 12paned windows; Transomed second storey doorway; Cornice mouldings; Six bay Georgian principle façade; and Secondary facades that are triple brick laid in Flemish bond and covered by lightly lined stucco wash. The designating by-law goes on to identify the dwelling as a rare example of a substantial merchant’s dwelling of 1840. Front elevation: 38 Shirk Place 1 - 2 Roof Replacement The applicant is proposing to replace the existing metal roof, which is damaged and is causing interior damage to the dwelling, with a new, black metal roof. The existing metal roof is not original, and the date of installation is unknown.The soffits, fascia, and frieze board will remain whiteto maintain the existing character of the dwelling, and the existing chimneys will remain. Proposed metal roof replacement Window Replacement The applicant advises that the windows and sills are all rotting and that these damaged exterior components are threatening the integrity of the dwelling. Existing windows and sills 1 - 3 The applicant proposes to replace all the existing wood windows and sills with vinyl windows to match existing. The goal of the window replacement program on this property is to ensure longevity of the dwelling while respecting and maintaining its historical integrity. The proposal calls for new vinyl windows and sills to mimic a wood pattern. The new windows will be the same style as the existing, with the same proportions and number of lites, and will be white in colour to match existing. The applicant also advises that the original windows will be stored on site for reference as needed. Replacement vinyl simulated divided lite windows for front and side facades have been approved in the past for other Part IV designated properties through the Heritage Permit Application processwith success. Dormer Restoration The applicant is proposing to reintroduce three (3) dormers that have been lost over time. The dormers will be constructed in the same size, orientation, and style as shown in historical images. Historical Photo of 38 Shirk Place (Mennonite Archival Information Database) Designating by-law 84-28 does not reference the roof dormers as an attribute of the property and it is presumed that the dormers were removed prior to the designation of the property in 1984. The dormers are proposed tobe constructed in a manner that is in keeping with historic photographs andbe clad in black vertical board and battensiding to tiein with the proposed black metal roof. The windows on the dormers are proposed to match the profile and proportions of the windows on the existing dwelling. 1 - 4 Proposed dormers on front façade Second Storey Rear Addition The applicant is proposing a partial second storey rear addition. This addition will not be visible from the street right-of-way or from the front of the existing dwelling. The proposed addition is 660square feet, incorporates a gable roof and is to be clad in grey, vinyl vertical board and batten siding. The roof ridge of the proposed addition will not exceed the height of the roof of the existing dwelling. Location of partial second storey rear addition 1 - 5 Proposed partial second storey rear addition Heritage Planning Comments The proposed works meet the “Eight Guiding Principles in the Conservation of Historical Properties”, especially: Respect for documentary evidence – conservation work should be based on historical documentation, such as historic photographs, drawings, and physical evidence. Legibility – new work should be distinguishable from old. Maintenance – with continuous care, future restoration will not be necessary. The proposed worksmeet the following from Parks Canada’s “The Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada”: Where character-defining elements are too severely deteriorated to repairand replacing in kind is not feasible, replace with material that is physically and visually compatible with the original. Conserve the heritage value and character-defining elements when creating any new additions to a historic place or any related new construction. Make the new work physically and visually compatible with, subordinate to, and distinguishable from the historic place. Replace missing features from the restoration period with new features whose forms, materials, and detailing are based on sufficient physical, documentary, and/or oral evidence. Achieve compatibility with the insertion of a new element through form, material, and detailing, or through proportion, scale, or massing. In reviewing the merits of the application, Heritage Planning staff note the following: The subject property is designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act; The proposed new roof will have a neutral impact on the existing dwelling; The new windows will be designed to match the existing; 1 - 6 The partial second storey addition will not be visible from the front façadeand is compatible with the existing dwelling; The proposed dormers reintroduces a feature of the property that has been lost over time, is a neutral impact on the existing dwelling, and is sensitive to the existing building; The goal of these projects is to increase longevity of the built heritage resource while maintaining the integrity of the historic place; and The proposed works will not adversely affect the character of the existing dwelling. In accordance with the Heritage Permit Application form, the approval of an application under the Ontario Heritage Act shall not be a waiver of any of the provisions of any by-law of the City of Kitchener or legislation, including, but not limited to, the requirements of the Ontario Building Code and Zoning By-law. In this regard, staff confirm that a Building Permit is required to carry out this work. STRATEGIC PLAN ALIGNMENT: This report supports the delivery of core services. FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS: N/A COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT: INFORM – This report has been posted to the City’s website with the agenda in advance of the Heritage Kitchener committee meeting. CONSULT – Heritage Kitchener has been consulted regarding the subject Heritage Permit Application. PREVIOUS REPORTS/AUTHORITIES: Ontario Heritage Act APPROVEDBY: Justin Readman - General Manager, Development Services ATTACHMENTS: Attachment A – Heritage Permit Application HPA-2021-IV-001 1 - 7 IFSJUBHF!QFSNJU!BQQMJDBUJPO!'! TVCNJTTJPO!SFRVJSFNFOUT! ui Qmboojoh!Ejwjtjpo!Ä!311!Ljoh!Tusffu!Xftu-!7!Gmpps! Q/P/!Cpy!2229-!Ljudifofs!PO!!O3H!5H8! 62:.852.3537<!qmboojohAljudifofs/db TUBGG!VTF!POMZ! Ebuf!Sfdfjwfe;!Bddfqufe!Cz;Bqqmjdbujpo!Ovncfs; IQB.31.! QBSU!C;!IFSJUBHF!QFSNJU!BQQMJDBUJPO!GPSN 2/OBUVSF!PG!BQQMJDBUJPO FyufsjpsJoufsjpsTjhobhf EfnpmjujpoOfx!DpotusvdujpoBmufsbujpoSfmpdbujpo 3/TVCKFDU!QSPQFSUZ Nvojdjqbm!Beesftt; Mfhbm!Eftdsjqujpo!)jg!lopx*; Cvjmejoh0Tusvduvsf!Uzqf;!!Sftjefoujbm!DpnnfsdjbmJoevtusjbmJotujuvujpobm Ifsjubhf!Eftjhobujpo;!!Qbsu!JW!)Joejwjevbm*!Qbsu!W!)Ifsjubhf!Dpotfswbujpo!Ejtusjdu* Jt!uif!qspqfsuz!tvckfdu!up!b!Ifsjubhf!Fbtfnfou!ps!Bhsffnfou@!ZftOp 4/QSPQFSUZ!PXOFS Obnf; Beesftt; Djuz0Qspwjodf0Qptubm!Dpef; Qipof; Fnbjm; 5/BHFOU!)jg!bqqmjdbcmf* Obnf; Dpnqboz; Beesftt; Djuz0Qspwjodf0Qptubm!Dpef; Qipof; Fnbjm; 3131!Djuz!pg!Ljudifofs!Ä!Ifsjubhf!Qfsnju!Bqqmjdbujpo!'!Tvcnjttjpo!Sfrvjsfnfout!Qbhf!8!pg!:! 1 - 8 6/XSJUUFO!EFTDSJQUJPO Qspwjef!b!xsjuufo!eftdsjqujpo!pg!uif!qspkfdu!jodmvejoh!boz!dpotfswbujpo!nfuipet!qspqptfe/!Qspwjef!tvdi!efubjm bt!nbufsjbmt!up!cf!vtfe-!nfbtvsfnfout-!qbjou!dpmpvst-!efdpsbujwf!efubjmt-!xifuifs!boz!psjhjobm!cvjmejoh!gbcsjd jt!up!cf!sfnpwfe!ps!sfqmbdfe-!fud/!Vtf!beejujpobm!qbhft!bt!sfrvjsfe/!Qmfbtf!sfgfs!up!uif!Djuz!pg!Ljudifofs Ifsjubhf!Qfsnju!Bqqmjdbujpo!Tvcnjttjpo!Hvjefmjoft!gps!gvsuifs!ejsfdujpo/ 7/SFWJFX!PG!DJUZ!PG!LJUDIFOFS!IFSJUBHF!QFSNJU!BQQMJDBUJPO!TVCNJTTJPO!HVJEFMJOFT Eftdsjcf!xiz!ju!jt!ofdfttbsz!up!voefsublf!uif!qspqptfe!xpsl; Eftdsjcf!ipx!uif!qspqptbm!jt!dpotjtufou!xjui!uif!Qbsu!JW!joejwjevbm!eftjhobujoh!cz.mbx!ps!uif!Qbsu!W!Ifsjubhf! Dpotfswbujpo!Ejtusjdu!Qmbo;! Eftdsjcf!ipx!uif!qspqptbm!jt!dpotjtufou!xjui!Qbslt!DbobebÉt!Tuboebset!boe!Hvjefmjoft!gps!uif! Dpotfswbujpo!pg!Ijtupsjd!Qmbdft!jo!Dbobeb!)xxx/ijtupsjdqmbdft/db0fo0qbhft0tuboebset.opsnft/btqy*;! 8/QSPQPTFE!XPSLT b*Fyqfdufe!tubsu!ebuf;Fyqfdufe!dpnqmfujpo!ebuf;! c*Ibwf!zpv!ejtdvttfe!uijt!xpsl!xjui!Ifsjubhf!Qmboojoh!Tubgg@ZftOp .Jg!zft-!xip!eje!zpv!tqfbl!up@ d*Ibwf!zpv!ejtdvttfe!uijt!xpsl!xjui!Cvjmejoh!Ejwjtjpo!Tubgg@ZftOp .Jg!zft-!xip!eje!zpv!tqfbl!up@ e*Ibwf!zpv!bqqmjfe!gps!b!Cvjmejoh!Qfsnju!gps!uijt!xpsl@ZftOp f*Puifs!sfmbufe!Cvjmejoh!ps!Qmboojoh!bqqmjdbujpot;Bqqmjdbujpo!ovncfs! Uif!voefstjhofe!bdlopxmfehft!uibu!bmm!pg!uif!tubufnfout!dpoubjofe!jo!epdvnfout!gjmfe!jo!tvqqpsu!pg!uijt bqqmjdbujpo!tibmm!cf!effnfe!qbsu!pg!uijt!bqqmjdbujpo/!Uif!voefstjhofe!bdlopxmfehft!uibu!sfdfjqu!pg!uijt bqqmjdbujpo!cz!uif!Djuz!pg!Ljudifofs!.!Qmboojoh!Ejwjtjpo!epft!opu!hvbsbouff!ju!up!cf!b!ÈdpnqmfufÉ!bqqmjdbujpo/ Uif!voefstjhofe!bdlopxmfehft!uibu!uif!Dpvodjm!pg!uif!Djuz!pg!Ljudifofs!tibmm!efufsnjof!xifuifs!uif jogpsnbujpo!tvcnjuufe!gpsnt!b!dpnqmfuf!bqqmjdbujpo/!Gvsuifs!sfwjfx!pg!uif!bqqmjdbujpo!xjmm!cf!voefsublfo!boe uif!pxofs!ps!bhfou!nbz!cf!dpoubdufe!up!qspwjef!beejujpobm!jogpsnbujpo!boe0ps!sftpmwf!boz!ejtdsfqbodjft!ps jttvft!xjui!uif!bqqmjdbujpo!bt!tvcnjuufe/!Podf!uif!bqqmjdbujpo!jt!effnfe!up!cf!gvmmz!dpnqmfuf-!uif!bqqmjdbujpo xjmm!cf!qspdfttfe!boe-!jg!ofdfttbsz-!tdifevmfe!gps!uif!ofyu!bwbjmbcmf!Ifsjubhf!Ljudifofs!dpnnjuuff!boe Dpvodjm!!!nffujoh/!Tvcnjttjpo!pg!!uijt!bqqmjdbujpo!dpotujuvuft!dpotfou!gps!bvuipsj{fe!nvojdjqbm!tubgg!up!foufs vqpo!uif!tvckfdu!qspqfsuz!gps!uif!qvsqptf!pg!dpoevdujoh!tjuf!wjtjut-!jodmvejoh!ubljoh!qipuphsbqit-!xijdi!bsf 3131!Djuz!pg!Ljudifofs!Ä!Ifsjubhf!Qfsnju!Bqqmjdbujpo!'!Tvcnjttjpo!Sfrvjsfnfout!Qbhf!9!pg!:! 1 - 9 1 - 10 Qspwjef!b!xsjuufo!eftdsjqujpo!pg!uif!qspkfdu!jodmvejoh!boz!dpotfswbujpo!nfuipet!qspqptfe/!Qspwjef!tvdi!efubjm bt!nbufsjbmt!up!cf!vtfe-!nfbtvsfnfout-!qbjou!dpmpvst-!efdpsbujwf!efubjmt-!xifuifs!boz!psjhjobm!cvjmejoh!gbcsjd jt!up!cf!sfnpwfe!ps!sfqmbdfe-!fud/!Vtf!beejujpobm!qbhft!bt!sfrvjsfe/!Qmfbtf!sfgfs!up!uif!Djuz!pg!Ljudifofs Ifsjubhf!Qfsnju!Bqqmjdbujpo!Tvcnjttjpo!Hvjefmjoft!gps!gvsuifs!ejsfdujpo/ 7/SFWJFX!PG!DJUZ!PG!LJUDIFOFS!IFSJUBHF!QFSNJU!BQQMJDBUJPO!TVCNJTTJPO!HVJEFMJOFT Eftdsjcf!xiz!ju!jt!ofdfttbsz!up!voefsublf!uif!qspqptfe!xpsl; Eftdsjcf!ipx!uif!qspqptbm!jt!dpotjtufou!xjui!uif!Qbsu!JW!joejwjevbm!eftjhobujoh!cz.mbx!ps!uif!Qbsu!W!Ifsjubhf! Dpotfswbujpo!Ejtusjdu!Qmbo;! Eftdsjcf!ipx!uif!qspqptbm!jt!dpotjtufou!xjui!Qbslt!DbobebÉt!Tuboebset!boe!Hvjefmjoft!gps!uif! Dpotfswbujpo!pg!Ijtupsjd!Qmbdft!jo!Dbobeb!)xxx/ijtupsjdqmbdft/db0fo0qbhft0tuboebset.opsnft/btqy*;! 8/QSPQPTFE!XPSLT b*Fyqfdufe!tubsu!ebuf;Fyqfdufe!dpnqmfujpo!ebuf;! c*Ibwf!zpv!ejtdvttfe!uijt!xpsl!xjui!Ifsjubhf!Qmboojoh!Tubgg@ZftOp .Jg!zft-!xip!eje!zpv!tqfbl!up@ d*Ibwf!zpv!ejtdvttfe!uijt!xpsl!xjui!Cvjmejoh!Ejwjtjpo!Tubgg@ZftOp .Jg!zft-!xip!eje!zpv!tqfbl!up@ e*Ibwf!zpv!bqqmjfe!gps!b!Cvjmejoh!Qfsnju!gps!uijt!xpsl@ZftOp f*Puifs!sfmbufe!Cvjmejoh!ps!Qmboojoh!bqqmjdbujpot;Bqqmjdbujpo!ovncfs! 3131!Djuz!pg!Ljudifofs!Ä!Ifsjubhf!Qfsnju!Bqqmjdbujpo!'!Tvcnjttjpo!Sfrvjsfnfout!Qbhf!9!pg!:! 1 - 11 Qspwjef!b!xsjuufo!eftdsjqujpo!pg!uif!qspkfdu!jodmvejoh!boz!dpotfswbujpo!nfuipet!qspqptfe/!Qspwjef!tvdi!efubjm bt!nbufsjbmt!up!cf!vtfe-!nfbtvsfnfout-!qbjou!dpmpvst-!efdpsbujwf!efubjmt-!xifuifs!boz!psjhjobm!cvjmejoh!gbcsjd jt!up!cf!sfnpwfe!ps!sfqmbdfe-!fud/!Vtf!beejujpobm!qbhft!bt!sfrvjsfe/!Qmfbtf!sfgfs!up!uif!Djuz!pg!Ljudifofs Ifsjubhf!Qfsnju!Bqqmjdbujpo!Tvcnjttjpo!Hvjefmjoft!gps!gvsuifs!ejsfdujpo/ 7/SFWJFX!PG!DJUZ!PG!LJUDIFOFS!IFSJUBHF!QFSNJU!BQQMJDBUJPO!TVCNJTTJPO!HVJEFMJOFT Eftdsjcf!xiz!ju!jt!ofdfttbsz!up!voefsublf!uif!qspqptfe!xpsl; Eftdsjcf!ipx!uif!qspqptbm!jt!dpotjtufou!xjui!uif!Qbsu!JW!joejwjevbm!eftjhobujoh!cz.mbx!ps!uif!Qbsu!W!Ifsjubhf! Dpotfswbujpo!Ejtusjdu!Qmbo;! Eftdsjcf!ipx!uif!qspqptbm!jt!dpotjtufou!xjui!Qbslt!DbobebÉt!Tuboebset!boe!Hvjefmjoft!gps!uif! Dpotfswbujpo!pg!Ijtupsjd!Qmbdft!jo!Dbobeb!)xxx/ijtupsjdqmbdft/db0fo0qbhft0tuboebset.opsnft/btqy*;! 8/QSPQPTFE!XPSLT b*Fyqfdufe!tubsu!ebuf;Fyqfdufe!dpnqmfujpo!ebuf;! c*Ibwf!zpv!ejtdvttfe!uijt!xpsl!xjui!Ifsjubhf!Qmboojoh!Tubgg@ZftOp .Jg!zft-!xip!eje!zpv!tqfbl!up@ d*Ibwf!zpv!ejtdvttfe!uijt!xpsl!xjui!Cvjmejoh!Ejwjtjpo!Tubgg@ZftOp .Jg!zft-!xip!eje!zpv!tqfbl!up@ e*Ibwf!zpv!bqqmjfe!gps!b!Cvjmejoh!Qfsnju!gps!uijt!xpsl@ZftOp f*Puifs!sfmbufe!Cvjmejoh!ps!Qmboojoh!bqqmjdbujpot;Bqqmjdbujpo!ovncfs! 3131!Djuz!pg!Ljudifofs!Ä!Ifsjubhf!Qfsnju!Bqqmjdbujpo!'!Tvcnjttjpo!Sfrvjsfnfout!Qbhf!9!pg!:! 1 - 12 1 - 13 Qspqptfe!Xpsl;!Beejujpo!gps!Sfbs!Tusvduvsf Xsjuufo!Eftdsjqujpo; Up!fsfdu!b!qbsujbm!tfdpoe!tupsz!po!uif!sjhiu.sfbs!tusvduvsf!pg!49!Tijsl!Qm/!Uif !mfgu!tjef!pg!uif!tfdpoe!gmpps!pg!uif fyjtujoh!zfmmpx!csjdl!sfbs!beejujpo!po!uif!qspqfsuz!)bt!joejdbufe!jo!uif!fmfwbujpo esbxjoh!qspwjefe*/!Uif!beejujpo!xpvme!cf!dpotusvdufe!gpmmpxjoh!npefso!Poubsjp Cvjmejoh!Dpef!nbufsjbmt!boe!tuboebset!j/f/!mvncfs-!wbqpvs!cbssjfs-!bqqspqsjbuf!S. Wbmvf!jotvmbujpo-!fud/!B!hbcmfe!sppg!eftjho!xjmm!cf!vtfe!up!njssps!uif!fyjtujoh tusvduvsft/!Uijt!beejujpo!xpvme!opu!cf!wjtjcmf!gspn!uif!tusffu!ops!xpvme!ju!cf wjtjcmf!gspn!uif!gspou!pg!uif!ipnf/!Uifsf!jt!op!xpsl!cfjoh!epof!up!uif!qspqfsuz xijdi!bggfdut!uif!Ifsjubhf!Buusjcvuft!pvumjofe!jo!uif!Eftjhobujoh!Czmbx!gps!49 Tijsl!Qm/ Xjoepxt;!Uif!qspqptfe!xjoepxt!xpvme!njssps!uiptf!pvumjofe!qsfwjpvtmz!xjuijo uijt!bqqmjdbujpo!xjui!bqqspqsjbuf!tznnfusjdbm!hsjmm!qbuufsot/!Uifz!xpvme!cf!wjozm gsbnf-!joufsjps!hsjmm-!TEM!dsptt!nfncfs!up!efmjofbuf!cfuxffo!vqqfs!boe!mpxfs qboft-!boe!xijuf!jo!dpmpvs/ Tpggju;!Tpggju!xpvme!cf!cmbdl-!wfoufe!bmvnjovn!up!fotvsf!mpohfwjuz!pg!uif!nbufsjbm boe!befrvbuf!wfoujoh!gps!sppg!mpohfwjuz/!Nbufsjbm!tqfdjgjdbujpot!boe!jotubmmbujpo hvjefmjoft!dbo!cf!mpdbufe!jo!uif!Hfoufl!Cspdivsf!buubdife!jo!uijt!bqqmjdbujpo/ Gsjf{f!Cpbse;!Gsjf{f!cpbse!xpvme!cf!dpnqsjtfe!pg!b!trvbsf!tufqqfe!efubjm!up sfqmjdbuf!uif!bftuifujd!efubjm!gpvoe!fmtfxifsf!po!uif!ipnf!boe!cf!dbqqfe!jo cmbdl!bmvnjovn!gmbtijoh!up!fotvsf!mpohfwjuz!pg!uif!qspkfdu/!B!qjduvsf!pg!uif joufoefe!qspgjmf!gps!uif!Gsjf{f!Cpbse!dbo!cf!mpdbufe!jo!uijt!bqqmjdbujpo/!Nbufsjbm tqfdjgjdbujpot!boe!jotubmmbujpo!hvjefmjoft!dbo!cf!mpdbufe!jo!uif!Hfoufl!Cspdivsf buubdife!jo!uijt!bqqmjdbujpo/ Gbtdjb;!Gbtdjb!xpvme!cf!tuboebse!3y7!dbqqfe!jo!cmbdl!bmvnjovn!gmbtijoh!up fotvsf!mpohfwjuz!pg!uif!qspkfdu/!Nbufsjbm!tqfdjgjdbujpot!boe!jotubmmbujpo!hvjefmjoft dbo!cf!mpdbufe!jo!uif!Hfoufl!Cspdivsf!buubdife!jo!uijt!bqqmjdbujpo/ Fbwft0Epxotqpvut;!Fbwft!xpvme!cf!cmbdlmf uif!epxotqpvut!xpvme!cf!cmbdl-!dvtupn!npvmefe!tuboebse!tj{f/!Nbufsjbm tqfdjgjdbujpot!dbo!cf!mpdbufe! buubdife!jo!uijt!bqqmjdbujpo/ Sppgjoh!Nbufsjbm;!Sppgjoh!nbufsjbm!xjmm!nbudi!uif!qspqptfe!sppgjoh!nbufsjbm pvumjofe!qsfwjpvtmz!jo!uijt!bqqmjdbujpo!j/f/!tuffm!sppg/!Sppgjoh!nbufsjbm!dpmpvs!boe tqfdjgjdbujpot!dbo!cf!mpdbufe!jo!uif!qipupt!buubdife!up!uijt!bqqmjdbujpo/ 1 - 14 Tjejoh;!Tjejoh!nbufsjbm!qspqptfe!xjmm!cf!Diftbqfblf!Hsfz!)dpmpvs*-!wjozm!wfsujdbm cpbse!boe!cbuufo!up!sfqmjdbuf!ijtupsjdbm!tjejoh!nfuipet!qsftfou!bu!uif!ujnf!uif ipnf!xbt!dpotusvdufe!xijmf!fotvsjoh!uif!cvjmejoh!nbufsjbmt!xjmm!jnqspwf!uif wjbcmf!mjgfujnf!pg!uif!qspevdu!jutfmg-!boe!uif!ipnf!bt!b!sftvmu/!Dpmpvs!qbmmfu!boe sfmfwbou!nbufsjbm!tqfdjgjdbujpot!dbo!cf!gpvoe!jo!uif!Tjejoh!Hfoufl!Cspdivsf buubdife!up!uijt!bqqmjdbujpo/ Eftdsjqujpo!pg!Ofdfttjuz!pg!Xpsl Uijt!qspkfdu!jt!b!ofdfttbsz!tufq!jo!jnqspwjoh!uif!mjwfbcjmjuz!pg!uijt!voju/!Jo!jut dvssfou!gpsn-!uif!voju!epft!opu!bmmpx!gps!befrvbuf!mjwjoh!tqbdf!po!uif!nbjo!gmpps xijmf!fotvsjoh!bmm!ofdfttbsz!dpnqpofout!pg!b!ipnf!bsf!qsftfou/!Uif!njoetfu uifo!jt!up!bddpnnpebuf!gps!uiptf!sfrvjsfe!mjwjoh!gfbuvsft!jo!uif!buujd!cvu!dfjmjoh ifjhiut!bsf!xfmm!cfmpx!uif!ofdfttbsz!njojnvnt!gps!mjwjoh!tqbdf/!Uijt!mfbwft!uif pqujpo!pg!jodsfbtjoh!uif!dfjmjoh!ifjhiu!bcpwf-!uivt!bmmpxjoh!gps!uif!ofdfttbsz gfbuvsft!up!cf!jotubmmfe!xjuijo!uif!ipnf/!Uif!hpbm!gps!uijt!voju!jt!up!fotvsf dpngpsu-!mpohfwjuz-!boe!bqqspqsjbuf!bftuifujdt!bsf!ftubcmjtife!gps!nboz!zfbst boe!hfofsbujpot!up!dpnf/ Dpotjtufodz!xjui!Eftjhobujoh!Czmbx Uifsf!jt!op!tqfdjgjd!sfgfsfodf!up!boz!jnqpsubou!Ifsjubhf!ejtdfsojoh!gfbuvsft!uibu jogmvfodf!uijt!qspqptfe!ofx!dpotusvdujpo!xjuijo!uif!eftjhobujoh!czmbx!xjui!uif fydfqujpo!pg!uif!xjoepxt/!Ipxfwfs-!uif!fyjtujoh!xjoepxt!jo!uif!zfmmpx!csjdl beejujpo!ep!opu!sfgmfdu!uiptf!efubjmfe!jo!uif!eftjhobujoh!czmbx/!Xf!xpvme!mjlf!up vqebuf!uif!xjoepxt!jo!rvftujpo!xjui!uiptf!uibu!njssps!uif!poft!sfgfsfodfe!jo!uif eftjhobujoh!czmbx!)9!pwfs!23-!23!pwfs!23-!ps!7!pwfs!7!qbof!tuzmf-!efqfoejoh!po xjoepx!pqfojoht*/!Uijt!tipvme!fotvsf!uibu!dpotjtufodz!xjui!uif!xjoepx!tuzmft!jt jo!bddpsebodf!xjui!ijtupsjdbm!sfmfwbodf/!Ju!xjmm!bmtp!fotvsf!dpotjtufodz!jo!uif xjoepx!eftjho!jo!sfmbujpo!up!uif!sftu!pg!uif!ipnf/ Tuboebset!boe!Hvjefmjoft Bt!qfs!pvs!ejtdvttjpo!xjui!Wjdupsjb!Hspio-!qmfbtf!sfwjfx!qsfwjpvtmz!sfgfsfodfe Tuboebset!jo!sfmbujpo!up!pvs!qspqptfe!ofx!dpotusvdujpo!pvumjofe!bcpwf/ 1 - 15 1 - 16 1 - 17 1 - 18 1 - 19 1 - 20 Cpbse!'!Cbuufo!ublft!uif!mfbe!jo!eftjho!wfstbujmjuz/!Gfbuvsjoh!bo!bvuifoujdbmmz!qspqpsujpofe! CPBSE!'!CBUUFO VMUSB.QSFNJVN!WFSUJDBM!WJOZM!TJEJOH 8#!fyqptvsf!xjui!b!6.203#!cpbse!boe!2.203#!cbuufo!tusjq-!uijt!rvbmjuz.dsbgufe!qbofm!xpslt! xfmm!bt!b!xipmf.ipvtf!fyufsjps!ps!bt!uif!qfsgfdu!bddfou!tjejoh/ Ipvtf!tipxo!jo!Tnplfe!Ujncfs<!gspou!dpwfs!ipvtf!jo!Epwfs!Hsbz/ Ofwfs!Offet!up!cf!Qbjoufe!!Ijhi.qfsgpsnbodf! XIBUÉT!JO!B!DPMPVS@!FWFSZUIJOH/ wjozm!dpmpvs!xpoÉu!dijq-!gmblf!ps!qffm/ Gspn!dppm!ofvusbm!qbmfuuft!up!cpme!dpousbtujoh!ivft-!dpmpvs!efgjoft!uif!eftjho/!Hfoufl!tjejoh!jt! bwbjmbcmf!jo!b!hsboe!tdbmf!pg!dpmpvst!uibu!mfut!zpv!ubjmps!uif!mppl!pg!zpvs!ipnf!xjui!tjhobuvsf!tuzmf/ Fbtz!Vqlffq!!Sjotf!pddbtjpobmmz!xjui!b!hbsefo! iptf!up!sfgsfti!uif!bqqfbsbodf/ Dmbttjd!Dpmpvst !Evsbcmf!boe!Efou.Sftjtubou!!Tuboet!vq!tuspoh!! up!ejoht!boe!bcsbtjpot-!boe!xpoÉu!spu!ps!xbsq!evf! !!Topx!Xijuf!!Xjdlfs!!Epwfs!Hsbz up!npjtuvsf/ Dvtupn!Bqqfbm!!Efdpsbujwf!bddfout-!dpsofs!qptut-! !!Tboetupof!!Dbozpo!Dmbz!!Tupsn usjn!boe!puifs!bddfttpsjft!xjmm!hjwf!zpvs!ipnf!b! tuzmf!bmm!jut!pxo/ !!Mjofo!!Qfccmf!!Diftbqfblf!Hsbz!!Diftbqfblf!Hsbz !Wbmvbcmf!Jowftunfou!!Dsfbujoh!b!cfbvujgvm-! mpx.nbjoufobodf!fyufsjps!dbo!hsfbumz!foibodf!uif! !!Bmnpoe!!Npoufsfz!Tboe !!Tbhf wbmvf!pg!zpvs!ipnf/ Mjgfujnf!Mjnjufe!Xbssbouz!!Cbdlfe! !!Nbj{f!!Qfbsm !!Kvojqfs!Hspwf cz!b!mjgfujnf!mjnjufe-!usbotgfsbcmf!! xbssbouz!jodmvejoh!gbef!boe!ibjm!! Eftjhofs!Dpmpvst qspufdujpo<!tff!xbssbouz!gps!efubjmt/ !!Nbkftujd!Csjdl!!Nfbepx!Gfso!!Nbsjof!Evtl Gfbuvsjoh!sjdifs-!ebslfs!dpmpvst!gpsujgjfe!xjui! !!Ebsl!Esjgu!!Nppomju!Nptt!!Ivetpo!Tmbuf © DispnbUsvf!gbef.efgzjoh!ufdiopmphz-!Cpbse!'!Cbuufo! wjozm!tjejoh!dbssjft!b!mjgfujnf!mjnjufe!xbssbouz!bhbjotu! !!Spdlqpsu!Cspxo!!Spdlxfmm!Cmvf !!Xjoetxfqu!Tnplf gbejoh/!Tff!qsjoufe!xbssbouz!gps!dpnqmfuf!efubjmt/ !!Jspo!Psf !!Ftqsfttp!!Dpbtubm!Cmvf !!Tnplfe!Ujncfs !!Njeojhiu!Tvsg Wbsjfhbufe!Dpmpvst !!Btqfo!!Fbsuifo!!Sbjogpsftu !!Xjmmpx Eftjhofs!Dpmpvst!opu!bwbjmbcmf!jo!bmm!nbslfut/! 1 - 21 Ipvtf!tipxo!jo!Spdlxfmm!Cmvf/ CFZPOE!UIF!CBTJDT Fmfwbuf!zpvs!ipnf!up!b!xipmf!ofx!mfwfm! pg!cfbvuz!boe!qfsgpsnbodf!xjui!fwfszebz! fbtf/!Hfoufl!wjozm!tjejoh!fyqfsumz!cmfoet! fzf.dbudijoh!fmfnfout!pg!eftjho!xjui!uif! npefso!qsbdujdbmjuz!pg!tjnqmf!vqlffq/ JuÉt!mvyvsz!njyfe!xjui!mjwbcjmjuz!Ä!! juÉt!tuzmf.efgjojoh!boe!fwfs!tuspoh/ 8#!Wfsujdbm!Cpbse!'!Cbuufo Tjejoh!jo!Qfbsm!xjui!Topx!Xijuf!usjn!boe!op!bddfou/Tjejoh!jo!Jspo!Psf!xjui!Mjofo!!usjn!boe!Dsvtife! Mfehftupof!bddfou/ EFTJHO!BOE!EFDJEF Xifuifs!zpv!xbou!up!kvtu!sfgsfti!ps!qsftt!uif!sftfu!cvuupo!Ä!pof!pg!uif!nptu!ejggjdvmu!btqfdut! pg!ipnf!sfnpefmjoh!jt!dipptjoh!dpmpvst/!Ipx!xjmm!uif!ofx!qspevdut!boe!dpmpvst!mppl!po! zpvs!ipnf@! Uif!Hfoufl!Wjtvbmj{fs!ublft!uif!hvfttxpsl!pvu!pg!uif!eftjho!qspdftt/!Uijt!fbtz!xfc.cbtfe! RVJDL!TQFDT; eftjho!uppm!mfut!zpv!jotuboumz!dsfbuf!b!wbsjfuz!pg!fyufsjps!eftjhot!xjui!pqujpot!gps!tjejoh-! Opnjobm!Uijdloftt;!/159#! usjn-!sppgjoh-!gspou!epps!qbjou-!fyufsjps!xjoepx!dpmpvst!boe!npsf/! Xjoempbe;!Mbcpsbupsz!uftufe!up!xjuituboe! xjoempbet!vq!up!291!ln0i!)223!nqi* ¦!Eftjho.sfbez!xjui!b!hbmmfsz!pg!ipvtf!jnbhft<!bddftt!ju!gspn!boz!efwjdf!boe!tubsu!eftjhojoh Ufyuvsf;!Mjhiu!Spvhitbxo ¦!Dvtupn!Æqipup.sfbmjtujdÇ!pqujpo!Ä!vqmpbe!b!qipup!pg!zpvs!ipnf!boe!tjnqmz!pvumjof!uif sppg!boe!xbmmt!boe!bqqmz!qspevdut!up!uif!qipup!)pvs!eftjho!ufbn!bmtp!dbo!qspgfttjpobmmz qsfq!uif!qipup!gps!zpv* DPMPVS!NBUDIJOH!NBEF!TJNQMF ¦!Qsf.tfmfdufe!Hfoufl!qspevdu!boe!dpmpvs!dpncjobujpot!gps!fbtz!eftjho!tfmfdujpo Op!offe!up!tfuumf!gps!tjejoh!boe!usjn!uibu!Æbmnptu! ¦!Tbwf!zpvs!qsfgfssfe!qspevdut-!dpmpvst!boe!eftjhot!Ä!fwfszuijoh!jt!mjtufe!boe!sfbez!up!hp © nbudi/Ç!Pvs!Dpmpvs!Dmfbs!Uispvhi!dpmmfdujpo!pg! dvtupnfs.qsfgfssfe!dpmpvst!fotvsft!uibu!bmm!Hfoufl! qspevdut!Ä!tjejoh-!tpggju-!gbtdjb-!usjn!boe!sbjoxbsf!Ä! GSFF!EFTJHO!BEWJDF!Ä!KVTU!GPMMPX!UIF!CMPH xjmm!cfbvujgvmmz!nbudi!uispvhipvu!pvs!! Ubq!joup!uijt!wbmvbcmf!sfnpefmjoh!boe!eftjho!sftpvsdf/!Kvtu!gpmmpx!pvs!NzEftjho!Ipnf! wjozm-!bmvnjovn!boe!tuffm!qspevdu!mjoft/ Tuvejp!cmph!bu!nzeftjhoipnftuvejp/dpn!up!fokpz!b!xjef!sbohf!pg!eftjho!ujqt!boe!! sfopwbujpo!jefbt-!bt!xfmm!bt!b!rvftujpo!! boe!botxfs!qpsubm!pggfsjoh!qspgfttjpobm!! eftjho!bewjdf!gps!boz!qspkfdu/! 1 - 22 1 - 23 1 - 24 1 - 25 1 - 26 1 - 27 1 - 28 1 - 29 1 - 30 1 - 31 1 - 32 1 - 33 1 - 34 1 - 35 1 - 36 1 - 37 1 - 38 1 - 39 1 - 40 1 - 41