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HomeMy WebLinkAboutDSD-2024-193 - Hidden Valley Secondary Plan – Land Use Implementation Project Draft Heritage Impact AssessmentStaff Report r NJ :R Development Services Department www.kitchener.ca REPORT TO: Heritage Kitchener DATE OF MEETING: May 7, 2024 SUBMITTED BY: Garett Stevenson, Director of Development and Housing Approvals, 519-741-2200 ext. 7070 PREPARED BY: Deeksha Choudhry, Heritage Planner, 519-741-2200 ext. 7602 WARD(S) INVOLVED: Ward 3 DATE OF REPORT: April 4, 2024 REPORT NO.: DSD -2024-193 SUBJECT: Hidden Valley Secondary Plan — Land Use Implementation Project Draft Heritage Impact Assessment RECOMMENDATION: For information BACKGROUND: The Development and Housing Approvals Division is in receipt of a draft Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) prepared by Archaeological Research Associates (ARA) Ltd. dated May 2023. The draft HIA was submitted to the City in 2023 and was requested as part of various technical studies being conducted to inform the Hidden Valley Secondary Plan. As part of the HIA, a specific portion of Hidden Valley Road was recommended to be evaluated to determine its cultural heritage value or interest and for it to potentially be considered as a "Heritage Corridor". Hidden Valley Road currently has no heritage status under the Ontario Heritage Act. It is not included on the Inventory of Historic Buildings, not listed as a non -designated property of cultural heritage value or interest on the City's Municipal Heritage Register and is not designated under the Ontario Heritage Act. However, the Road has been identified as a rural road Cultural Heritage Landscape (CHL) and has also been identified in the City's Official Plan as a potential cultural heritage resource. The draft HIA has concluded that Hidden Valley Road does have design/physical, historical/associative, and contextual value. The HIA concluded that the entirety of Hidden Valley Road could be designated as a Heritage Corridor, or a portion of it could be designated as a Heritage Corridor. Staff will be moving forward with designating the north -south portion Hidden Valley Road as a "Heritage Corridor" in the Official Plan and recognizing the lower east -west portion of the Hidden Valley Road as a Cultural Heritage Landscape in the Official Plan. The "Heritage Corridor" is south of the proposed River Road realignment. *** This information is available in accessible formats upon request. *** Please call 519-741-2345 or TTY 1-866-969-9994 for assistance. The HIA is still in its draft form and has not yet been approved by the Director of Development and Housing Approvals. REPORT: Hidden Valley Secondary Plan Area The Hidden Valley Secondary Plan will replace the existing Residential Hidden Valley Community Plan and the Industrial Hidden Valley Community Plan to implement the Hidden Valley Land Use Master Plan. The proposed Master Plan study area is approximately 200 hectares in size, bounded by the Grand River, Wabanaki Drive, Highway 8, and Fairway Road (Fig. 1). Figure 1. Boundary of the Hidden Valley Master Plan (Draft HIA, 2023) In general, the Master Plan proposed the development of: • Low rise residential estates; • Low rise residential detached dwellings on large lots; • Medium rise residential buildings; • High Rise residential apartments; • Mixed-use urban corridors; • Commercial urban corridors; • Business Park for general and service employment opportunities; • Major infrastructure and utility for public uses; • Natural Heritage Conservation; and • Open Spaces The Master Plan also outlined that there might be impacts to Hidden Valley Road as The Region has decided on the revised River Road extension alignment and is proceeding with the design and construction phases. As a result, the existing Hidden Valley Road is proposed to be shortened and realigned into the River Road extension (Fig. 2). The Region has not started construction but anticipates it to take place between 2020-2027. It should be noted that the proposed Heritage Corridor is not included within this realignment and will begin just south of the realignment once it has been completed. There is also a potential Light Rail Transit Corridor that could be constructed through this area, affecting the northernmost part of the Hidden Valley Road. Figure 2. Hidden Valley Land Use Master Plan. The proposed realignment (the dotted line) has been highlighted by the red box (City of Kitchener, 2019) To implement the Master Plan, a HIA was requested as part of a broad range of technical studies, to determine whether Hidden Valley Road has cultural heritage value, and what, if any, mitigation impacts should be implemented as part of this realignment. 4•t_ Hidden Valley Land Use Master Plan - -� k M��YL�� . � Lw R{R Re40a'i661 F49/e jam' f —` a ' tl Pl 4rla RosAIPIRN L.rp1 ,d `F %sm ym Fall A"ft W .. � 1 � " �•� ,�� � -�`,.� � ..� -_ � r righFd_ft w � �Par+�s Prx EmpnN�wn ---- -- - - pl. 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The proposed realignment (the dotted line) has been highlighted by the red box (City of Kitchener, 2019) To implement the Master Plan, a HIA was requested as part of a broad range of technical studies, to determine whether Hidden Valley Road has cultural heritage value, and what, if any, mitigation impacts should be implemented as part of this realignment. Hidden Valley Road Hidden Valley Road is a remnant of a road that ran from Freeport to the settlement of German Hills. Like many of the roads in Township of Waterloo, Hidden Valley Road was not laid out in a geometric concession, instead becoming part of an irregular network of roads developed to meet the needs of early local settlers in accessing villages, settlements, markets, and other farms. The surrounding area remained agricultural until recently when these has been residential development in the area. Today, it is a narrow two-lane road that runs in an irregular semi -circular loop through the Hidden Valley community in Kitchener (Fig. 3). The topography and setting of the area are described in the Master Plan as "The area is characterized primarily by rolling topography, including several agricultural fields, with large lot estate residential dwellings towards the river". It is a tertiary road that connects the community to the adjacent areas through Wabanaki Drive to the west. Some portions of the road have curbs and some portions do not. The road is situated within a rural setting with some portions of the it in a more residential setting. The area within the looped road mainly consists of hilly areas with walking trails, forested lands, and agricultural fields. Hidden Valley Road also contains a variety of building sizes and architectural styles with varying setbacks. Natural vegetation and mature tree canopy are visible for the entire corridor. The eastern portion of the road has direct views of the forested areas and agricultural fields. Figure 3. Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" (HIA, 2023) Evaluation of Hidden Valley Road's Cultural Heritage Value An evaluation of Hidden Valley Road according to the Ontario Regulation 9/06 determined that the Road meets 3 out of 9 criteria, and is recognized for its design/physical, historical/associative, and contextual values (Table 1). Eva$ ation of Property Description Value stawment s Midden Walby Road was cornst-ucted in the late 180ft The alignment of the road, along the Grand River, first appeared in the 1861 Tremaine's map of Waterloo County. The road assumed its current alignment, as a loop. The property has design value or sometime around 1916,28 seen in the Topographic maps. physical value because it is a rare, Since those times, while undergoing minor realignments, unique, representative, or early the road has serviced the Hidden Valley community as a example of a style, type, expression, local, irregular, road leap. The road is lined with mature material or construction methal_ trees and a variety of vegetation. These types of older roads can be related to the irregularly laid) rural roads observed as a characteristic of the City of Kitchener. They are not set according to fixed grids, which are now (,r)rnmon in urban areas. The property has design value or Hidden Valley Road does not display a high degree of physical value because it displaysa craftsmanship OF artistic value. It was constructed using high degree of craftsmanship or artistic common methods and materials for its construction merit. period. The property has design value or Hidden Valley Road does not display a high degree of physical value because it technical or scientifIc achievement. It was built using demonstrates a high degree of common construction techniques for its construction technical or scientific achievement. period. Hidden Dalley Road is part or a local road network that was laid out in the 1800s to connect early settlers in the The property has historical value or southern part of the Township of Waterloo to access associative value because it has direct adjacent farms, markets, other +villages, and mills in the associations with a theme, event, Freeport and German Mills areas. It formed part of the belief, person, activity, organization or Beasley's Old survey and is associated with the institution that is significant to a development of German Mills for agricultural purposes in community. the I 9m century, The road has a direct association with the development of rural areas in southern parts of the Township of Waterloo. The property has hiworical value or Hidden Valley Road contains some remnants along its associative value because it yields, or of rural life, but those do not yield or have the has the potential to yield, information hascontributes potential potential to yield information that contributes to the to an understanding of understanding of the rural community or culture. a cam munitor culture. The property has historical value or associative value because it demonstrates or reflects the work or Hidden Valley Road does not reflect the work or ideas of ideas of an architect, artist, builder, a significant architect, builder, artist, designer, or theorist designer or theorist who is significant who is significant to the community_ to a communit _ Hidden Malley Road was laid to meet the needs of the early settlers to gain access to neighboring villages, The property has contextual value amenities, commerce, and such. Those rural because it is important in defining, characteristics of the Hidden valley Community have maintaining or supporting the character m m in since changed greatly from farmsteads to large estate area residential lots. A4lthough remnants of farm components and some agricultural fields are still found around the Hidden Valley Road, the basic character of the area has since evolved. Midden galley Road is physically and functionally linked to its surroundings. The road is set into the undulating and The property has contextual value rolling topography of the Hidden Valley area and as such because it is physically, functionally, � follows the rise and fall of the lands. It provides scenic visually or historically linked its views to the agricultural fields throughout various portions surroundings. of the road, the Grand River to the east and forested areas to the north and southwest_ The property has contextual value Midden Valley Road, while actinq as a connector for the because it is a landmark_ Hidden Malley community, it is not geographically located in a prominerit spot to be considered a landmark. Table 1. Ont. Reg. 9/06 Evaluation for Hidden Valley Road (HIA, 2023) Statement of Cultural Heritage Value According to the HIA, Hidden Valley Road has physical value because it is a representative example of rural roads that were essential for the development of an area. Hidden Valley Road was constructed around the late 1800s. The alignment of the road, along the Grand River, first appeared in the 1861 Tremaine's map of Waterloo County. The road assumed its current alignment, as a loop, sometime around 1916, as seen on the Topographic maps. Since those times, while undergoing minor realignments, the road has serviced the Hidden Valley community as a local, irregular, road loop. The road is lined with mature trees and a variety of vegetation. These types of older roads are related to the irregularly laid rural roads observed as a characteristic of the City of Kitchener. They are not set according to fixed grids, which are now observed in most area. Hidden Valley Road has historical and associative value because it has direct associations with a theme, and activity, that is significant to a community. Hidden Valley Road is part of a local road network that was laid in the 1800s to connect early settlers in the southern part of the Township of Waterloo to access adjacent farms, markets, other villages, and mills in the Freeport and German mills areas. It formed part of the Beasley's Old Survey and is associated with the development of German mills for agricultural purposes in the 19th century. The road has a direct association with the development of rural areas in southern parts of the Township of Waterloo. Hidden Valley Road has contextual value because it is physically and functionally linked to its surroundings. The road is set into the undulating and rolling topography of the Hidden Valley area and as such follows the rise and fall of the lands. It provides scenic views of the agricultural fields to the west, the Grand River to the east and forested areas to the north and southwest. Heritage Attributes Hidden Valley Road is a representative, example of a type of rural roads that were essential for the development of an area. The road contains the following heritage attributes that reflect this value: • Narrow two-lane alignment • No shoulders • Variety of vegetation along the shoulders, including mature trees and shrubs • Irregular road loop Hidden Valley Road has direct associations with a theme, and activity, that is significant to a community. Hidden Valley Road is part of a local road network that was laid in the 1800s to connect early settlers in the southern part of the Township of Waterloo to access adjacent farms, markets, other villages, and mills in the Freeport and German Mills areas. The road contains the following heritage attributes that reflect this value: • Direct view to the L-shaped barn on the roadside • Remnants of farmsteads visible along the route • Views to agricultural fields, open space and natural vegetation Hidden Valley Road is physically and functionally linked to its surroundings. The road is set into the undulating and rolling topography of the Hidden Valley area and as such follows the rise and fall of the lands. The road contains the following heritage attributes that reflect these values: • Scenic views to the surrounding areas and the Grand River • Undulating topography Some of the landscape features of Hidden Valley Road identified by the HIA can be seen below, however, this table does not include all the features that have been identified (Table 2). Features (Adapted Features from Region of of Hidden Waterloo Scenic Valley Description Photo Roads Data Sheet Road 2011 Diverse vegetation is found along the whole Hidden Valley Road. The north portion of the road, running parallel to Highway B, is lined with forested land and agricultural fields towards the south of the road. Towards the north of the road - are shrubs. The natural vegetation along this portion of the _ - road does not appear to be maintained- The growth is closer to the road edges (Image 1). The portion of Hidden Valley Road, being proposed as a -heritage Image 1; North Portion of Road, Para Ilet to corridor", has diverse vegetation along the route Highway B The roadway is lined with cedars, mature weeping willows (November 9,2022; Facinq NorthwestI and other deciduous trees among others. Apart from the Vegetation Yes trees a variety of bushes and shrubs line the west side of the road along the agricultural fields (Image 2). On the east side of the road on the residential properties the trees are planted with a setback and trees are closer to the ride of the road on the side with the agncullural fields- This creates an c, uninterrupted line of sight for the winding road culminating .ri . one -point perspective views across the adjacent fields The southern portion of Hidden Valley Road from Hadden ~ Valley Creek to Wahanki Drive. contains a landscaped r grassed area towards the north of the road and on the south c Is a tree -lined sidewalk (image 3). Most of the trees found oil f : this portion are deciduous trees. linage 2:East Portion of Road. Proposed a, a "Heritage Corridor" Novernher 9,2022: Facing Southeast) -4� Image 5: South Portion of Road, From Hidden Valley Creek November 9.2D22; Facing East) i For the whole Hidden. Valley Road, portions of the road View the natural slope of the undulating terrain. It follows then r-; `+ t . � ,� �• � � LandfonnfRa€ief Yes in the hilly areas and turns following the landscape IFq -; At 61. These ridges and valleys form vistas and viewpornls t.r the adjacent landscape. r Image 6!Natural Hilly Terrain November 9,2022: Facing North Table 2. Some identified landscape features of Hidden Valley Road (HIA, 2022). Potential Impacts to Hidden Valley Road due to the Proposed Development The impacts to Hidden Valley Road due to the proposed development have been summarized in the table below (Table 3)- T]+ of Negative Impact Applicable? Comments I The Proposed development inclvdos the realignment of portions of Hidden galley Road and the Destruction of any, or part of any, Y incorporation of a portion of the road into the River significant heritage ettrlbutes- Road ext,enslon.. The vegetatlon along the shoulders, including mature trees and shrubs may be removed due to the proposW development. Alterations to a property that detract kom the cultural heritage values, The road runs alongside the Grand River on the east with attributes, character or visual context of to larcle scale structures, a commercial business a heritage resource; such as the views to it (Image 7). It runs parallel to the Grand River up 10 construction of new buildings that are Y Hidden Valley Road and wabanaki Drive and incompatible in scale, massing, Yes Hidden 'Dalley Creek where the road loops back towards the materials, height, building orientation or o changes wound alter the overall natural and open location relative to the heritage Wabanaki Bnve. Along the road smaller streams were alsn reseume- Shadows created that anter the observed that eventually flow into the Grand River. appearance of a heritage attribute or N shadows that would alter the appearance of a change the viability of a natural feature heritage attribute, or plantings, such as a arden. Image ];View of Grand River on East november 9.2022: Facina Southeast p Hidden Valley Road contains remnants of structure, reflecting its historical use as a service road for farmsteads One such example is of a farmstead located at 691 Hidder Cultural Built Yes Valley Road The bam visible at the road is an L -Shaped Environment bank bam with a gambrel roof. It has rubble stone foundations with vertical wooden boards elevations (Image 8), Other such components also include wooden fences, ann boulders lined along the roadside in various places. Image 87View of Adjacent Built Environment November 9,2022; F acl ng West Table 2. Some identified landscape features of Hidden Valley Road (HIA, 2022). Potential Impacts to Hidden Valley Road due to the Proposed Development The impacts to Hidden Valley Road due to the proposed development have been summarized in the table below (Table 3)- T]+ of Negative Impact Applicable? Comments The Proposed development inclvdos the realignment of portions of Hidden galley Road and the Destruction of any, or part of any, Y incorporation of a portion of the road into the River significant heritage ettrlbutes- Road ext,enslon.. The vegetatlon along the shoulders, including mature trees and shrubs may be removed due to the proposW development. Alterations to a property that detract kom the cultural heritage values, The proposed new development introduces medium attributes, character or visual context of to larcle scale structures, a commercial business a heritage resource; such as the park at the northern and southern intersections of construction of new buildings that are Y Hidden Valley Road and wabanaki Drive and incompatible in scale, massing, additional low rise residential — large lot_ These materials, height, building orientation or changes wound alter the overall natural and open location relative to the heritage landscape of the area along the looped rood. reseume- Shadows created that anter the The proposed site alteration will oat create any appearance of a heritage attribute or N shadows that would alter the appearance of a change the viability of a natural feature heritage attribute, or plantings, such as a arden. Table 3. Impacts to Hidden Valley Road due to the proposed development (HIA, 2023) Designation of Portions of Hidden Valley Road as a CHL and Heritage Corridor It was determined through the HIA that the entire portion of Hidden Valley Road could be designated as a heritage corridor. However, certain portions of Hidden Valley Road, especially the lower portion that runs east to west, has undergone many changes, and is proposed to undergo other infrastructural changes in the future. Keeping these changes in mind but also recognizing the overall cultural heritage value of Hidden Valley Road, it has been determined that the entirety of Hidden Valley Road will not be designated as a Heritage Corridor. Instead, the north -south portion of Hidden Valley Road will be designated as a Heritage Corridor, and the lower west -east portion of Hidden Valley Road will be recognized as a Cultural Heritage Landscape (. It should be noted that the designation of the north -south portion as a Heritage Corridor does not mean that the road is being designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act, instead the heritage corridor will be recognized in the Official Plan, and any development on or adjacent to the corridor might trigger the need for certain technical studies, such as Corridor Enhancement Plans in case a development application has been submitted to ensure that the heritage attributes of Hidden Valley Road remain conserved. The character of the road would be altered_ Isolation of a heritage attribute from its Proposed developme-t of potential high, medium surrounding environment, context or Y and low rise resldentia - ar-ge lot and potential significant relationship, communityfinstituticnal uses of lands will isolate portions of the corridor from the natural and open landsca s_ The proposal for the addition of new medium and high-rise buildings in the Master Plan towards and Direct or indirect obstruction of around Fairway Read and wabanaki Drive will result significant views ar vistas within, from, Y in direct substruction of views to the agricultural fields or of built and natural features. in the northern section of the road. Low rise residential - large lot development and potential community and institutional uses in ether portions of the corridor also may obstruct views. A ::hange in land use such as rezoning r, t attlefield from open space to The portion of the Hidden Malley Road In the norlh residential use, allowing new N will become Part of the River Road extension. As development or site alteration to fill in such, this portion will remain a road. the formerly open 5 aces. The proposed alterations Include the realignment of the Hidden Valley Road_ As Hidden V'alley Road follows its historic alignment. this activity may create land disturbance which may adversely affect unknown archaeological resources, ARA has Land such us r'S ch,'in ronducted a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment as grade that alters soils. and drainago part of the Cass EnvironmenrtalAssessment and patterns that adversely affect an Y Prelommary Design for Upper Hidden Valley Sanitary archaeowgical resource. Pumping station and Forcernaln. ARA determined there are areas of archaeological potential that require a Stage 2Archaeological Assessment and as such, an archaeological assessment is required prior to alterations to Hidden Valley Road as alterations could impact unidentified archaeological sites. Table 3. Impacts to Hidden Valley Road due to the proposed development (HIA, 2023) Designation of Portions of Hidden Valley Road as a CHL and Heritage Corridor It was determined through the HIA that the entire portion of Hidden Valley Road could be designated as a heritage corridor. However, certain portions of Hidden Valley Road, especially the lower portion that runs east to west, has undergone many changes, and is proposed to undergo other infrastructural changes in the future. Keeping these changes in mind but also recognizing the overall cultural heritage value of Hidden Valley Road, it has been determined that the entirety of Hidden Valley Road will not be designated as a Heritage Corridor. Instead, the north -south portion of Hidden Valley Road will be designated as a Heritage Corridor, and the lower west -east portion of Hidden Valley Road will be recognized as a Cultural Heritage Landscape (. It should be noted that the designation of the north -south portion as a Heritage Corridor does not mean that the road is being designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act, instead the heritage corridor will be recognized in the Official Plan, and any development on or adjacent to the corridor might trigger the need for certain technical studies, such as Corridor Enhancement Plans in case a development application has been submitted to ensure that the heritage attributes of Hidden Valley Road remain conserved. htIL - Figure 4 orange). 1Sa • , Proposed Heritage Corridor (highlighted in green) and CHL (highlighted in Potential Mitigation Measures for the Heritage Corridor and CHL The HIA proposed certain mitigation measures for the impacts that were identified as part of any future development to take place in the Hidden Valley Area. These measures include: - Design Considerations — That the design of any new development and structures be sympathetic to the cultural heritage value of the Road, and that minimize any impacts through appropriate height, massing, and architecture. - The requirement of a Landscape Plan for any new development, where appropriate to ensure that the natural and rural characteristics of the area remain conserved. - The requirement of a Corridor Enhancement Plan for any new development to reduce impacts to the cultural heritage value. STRATEGIC PLAN ALIGNMENT: This report supports the delivery of core services. FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS: Capital Budget — The recommendation has no impact on the Capital Budget. Operating Budget — The recommendation has no impact on the Operating Budget. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT: INFORM — This report has been posted to the City's website with the agenda in advance of the Heritage Kitchener committee meeting. PREVIOUS REPORTS/AUTHORITIES: • Ontario Heritage Act, 2023 APPROVED BY: Justin Readman, General Manager of Development Services ATTACHMENTS: Attachment A — Draft Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) 1§ AMARA ARCHAEOLOGY I HERITAGE I OUTREACH I EDUCATION Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Cultural Heritage Landscape City of Kitchener Regional Municipality of Waterloo Geographic Township of Waterloo Former Waterloo County Prepared for Planning Division City of Kitchener Tel: (519) 741-2426 Email: Planning@kitchener.ca By Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. 219-900 Guelph Street Kitchener, ON N21-1 5Z6 Tel: (519) 804-2291 Fax: (519) 286-0493 araheritage.ca HR -423-2022 ARA File # 2022-0259 26/05/2023 Heritage Impact Assessment Report Hidden Valley Community Heritage Impact Assessment Report, City of Kitchener EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Under a contract awarded in August 2022 by City of Kitchener, Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. (ARA) carried out a Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) to support the review and replacement of the existing Residential Hidden Valley Community Plan and the Industrial Hidden Valley Community Plan. The City of Kitchener will replace existing Community Plans with a new Secondary Plan. The Hidden Valley Land Use Master Plan (henceforth Master Plan) was approved in 2019 and in order to implement this Master Plan, a Secondary Plan and Supporting Technical Studies are required. This HIA is part of the various supporting technical studies being conducted to inform the Secondary Plan. A specific portion of Hidden Valley Road is recommended to be evaluated to determine its Cultural Heritage Value or Interest (CHVI) and for it to potentially be considered a "Heritage Corridor' (City of Kitchener 2019 2022). Hidden Valley Road runs in an irregular, semi -circular loop through the Hidden Valley community in the City of Kitchener. It is a tertiary road that connects the community to the adjacent areas through Wabanaki Drive located to the west. Hidden Valley Road has the Grand River to the east and agricultural properties/lands in the centre of the loop. The Heritage Impact Assessment Report approach included: • Background research concerning the project and historical context of the study area; • Consultation with City of Kitchener staff regarding heritage matters in the study area; • Identification of any designated or listed properties within and adjacent to the study area; • Evaluation of Hidden Valley Road against the criteria set out in Ontario Regulation 9/06 (amended by 569/22) for determining cultural heritage value or interest; • Evaluation of potential project impacts; and • Provision of suggested mitigation strategies for the future conservation of any portion of Hidden Valley Road. The Hidden Valley Road was evaluated against Ontario Regulation 9/06 (amended by 569/22) and was found to possess cultural heritage value or interest. The property was found to possess the following values: Hidden Valley Road is a representative example of rural roads that were essential for the development of an area. Hidden Valley Road was constructed around the late 1800s. The alignment of the road, along the Grand River, first appeared in the 1861 Tremaine's map of Waterloo County. The road assumed its current alignment, as a loop, sometime around 1916, as seen in the Topographic maps. Since those times, while undergoing minor realignments, the road has serviced the Hidden Valley community as a local, irregular, road loop. The road is lined with mature trees and a variety of vegetation. These types of older roads are related to the irregularly laid rural roads observed as a characteristic of the City of Kitchener. They are not set according to fixed grids, which are now observed in most urban areas. Hidden Valley Road has direct associations with a theme, and activity, that is significant to a community. Hidden Valley Road is part of a local road network that was laid in the 1800s to connect early settlers in the southern part of the Township of Waterloo to access adjacent farms, markets, other villages, and mills Freeport and German Mills areas. It formed part of the Beasley's Old Survey and is associated with the development of German Mills for agricultural purposes in the 19th century. The road has a direct association with the development of rural areas in southern parts of the Township of Waterloo. April 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. HR -423-2022 ARA File #2022-0259 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener Hidden Valley Road is physically and functionally linked to its surroundings. The road is set into the undulating and rolling topography of the Hidden Valley area and as such follows the rise and fall of the lands. It provides scenic views of the agricultural fields to the west, the Grand River to the east and forested areas to the north and southwest. The new Master Plan for the Hidden Valley community has the potential to affect Hidden Valley Road. The potential for negative impacts is limited to: • The proposed development includes the realignment of Hidden Valley Road. This would result in an alteration of the road. • Construction of low, medium and high-rise buildings, commercial/business park, potential community and institutional development may remove vegetation along the shoulders, including mature trees and shrubs. • The new development introduces medium to large scale structures along the northern and southern intersections of Hidden Valley Road and Wabanaki Drive; and low rise residential — large lot and potential community and institutional development in the eastern and southern portions of Hidden Valley Road. These changes would alter the overall natural and open landscape of the area along the looped road. • Proposed development of low, medium and high-rise buildings, commercial/ business park and potential community and institutional uses may isolate portions of the corridor from the natural and open landscape. • Views to the agricultural fields may be directly obstructed in some sections of Hidden Valley Road due to proposed development. As potential impacts were identified, mitigation measures were provided for the remaining portion of Hidden Valley Road as well as the portion to be the River Road extension and the "Heritage Corridor' segment. Mitigation measures include a landscape plan, design considerations and a corridor enhancement plan. As a result of this HIA, the following is recommended: • That a portion of Hidden Valley Road be designated as a "Heritage Corridor" in the Official Plan as it meets the OHA O. Reg. 9/06 (amended by 569/22) criteria. ARA recommends that the portion of Hidden Valley Road running from the start of the new River Road access to Highway 8 south and then west through to the intersection of Hidden Valley Road and River Valley Drive be considered for designation (Map 10); • That if City of Kitchener chooses to designate as above or a smaller portion of Hidden Valley Road, a Corridor Enhancement Plan could be developed that would be attached to the Secondary Plan along with this HIA. Other options include to implement the recommendations of this HIA include policies within the Official Plan and recommendations within a Landscape Plan. • That design considerations are developed to ensure the physical design of any proposed structures should not detract from the character of the area. Any new structures should be sympathetic to the surrounding area and minimize impacts through appropriate height, massing and architecture style. Policies addressing these considerations could be incorporated into Official Plan policies for Hidden Valley Secondary Plan; • A Landscape Plan be developed that could address potential vegetation removal would assist with reducing the visual impact of the development activities. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I MAPS IV FIGURES IV TABLES V IMAGES V APPENDICES V ABBREVIATIONS VI PERSONNEL VI 1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT 1 2.0 LEGISLATION AND POLICY REVIEW 3 2.1 Federal Guidelines 3 2.2 Provincial Policies and Guidelines 3 2.2.1 Planning Act 3 2.2.2 The Provincial Policy Statement (2020) 3 2.2.3 Ontario Heritage Act 4 2.2.4 Eight Guiding Principles in the Conservation of Built Heritage Properties 5 2.2.5 Ontario Heritage Tool Kit: Heritage Resources in the Land Use Planning Process 5 2.3 Municipal Policies 5 2.3.1 Region of Waterloo Official Plan 5 2.3.2 Region of Waterloo Scenic Roads Evaluation Tools 6 2.3.3 City of Kitchener Official Plan 7 3.0 KEY CONCEPTS 10 4.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT 11 4.1 Limitations 11 4.2 Settlement History 11 4.2.1 Pre -Contact 11 4.2.2 Post -Contact 12 4.2.3 German Mills 13 4.2.4 Settlement of Freeport 14 4.3 Study Area History 14 4.3.1 Mapping and Imagery Analysis 14 5.0 CONSULTATION 22 6.0 FIELD SURVEY 24 7.0 LANDSCAPE DESCRIPTION 25 7.1 Contextual Surrounding 25 7.2 Hidden Valley Road Landscape Features 25 8.0 HERITAGE ASSESSMENT 31 8.1 Evaluation of Hidden Valley Road According to O. Reg. 9/06 31 8.2 Statement of Cultural Heritage Value or Interest 32 May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener iv 8.2.1 Introduction and Description of Property 32 8.2.2 Statement of Cultural Heritage Value/Statement of Significance 32 8.2.3 Heritage Attributes 33 9.0 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 34 10.0 ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS 37 10.1 Impact Summary 38 11.0 "HERITAGE CORRIDOR" BOUNDARIES 40 11.1 Entire Hidden Valley Road 40 11.2 Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" 40 11.3 ARA Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" 41 11.4 Summary of "Heritage Corridor' Boundaries 41 12.0 MITIGATION MEASURES 42 12.1 Design Considerations (Impact 3) 42 12.2 Landscape Plan (Impacts 2 - 4 and 5) 42 12.3 Protection as a "Heritage Corridor' (Impacts 1, 3 and 5) 42 12.4 Corridor Enhancement Plan (Impacts 1, 3 and 5) 42 13.0 SUMMARY AND CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS 43 14.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES 44 Appendix A: Maps and Images of Hidden Valley Road 48 Appendix B: Team Member Curriculum Vitae 58 MAPS Map 1: Study Area in the City of Kitchener 2 Map 2: G.R. and G.M. Tremaine's Tremaine's Map of the County of Waterloo, Canada West (186 1) 17 Map 3: Parsell and Co,'s Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Waterloo, Ontario (1881) 18 Map 4: Topographic Maps from 1916, 1923, 1929, 1936 19 Map 5: Aerial Image (1955) 20 Map 6: Aerial Image (1963) 21 Map 7: Hidden Valley Road Study Area with Photo Locations 48 Map 8: Hidden Valley Road CHL 49 Map 9: Hidden Valley Road Proposed "Heritage Corridor' 50 Map 10: ARA Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" 51 Map 11: ARA Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" with Significant Views 52 FIGURES Figure 1: Hidden Valley Land Use Master Plan 36 May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener v TABLES Table 1: Pre -Contact Settlement History 11 Table 2: Post -Contact Settlement History 12 Table 3: Hidden Valley Road Landscape Features 26 Table 4: Evaluation of Hidden Valley Road Using O. Reg. 9/06 31 Table 5: Impact Evaluation of Proposed Site Alteration 37 IMAGES Image 1: North Portion of Road, Parallel to Highway 8 26 Image 2:East Portion of Road, Proposed as a "Heritage Corridor' 26 Image 3: South Portion of Road, From Hidden Valley Creek 27 Image 4:East Portion of Road, Considered "Heritage Corridor' 27 Image 5: South Portion of Road, From Hidden Valley Creek 28 Image 6:Natural Hilly Terrain 28 Image 7:View of Grand River on East 29 Image 8:View of Adjacent Built Environment 29 Image 9:View of Natural Landscape 30 Image 10: View of the north Intersection of Hidden Valley Road and Wabanaki Drive 53 Image 11: View of North Portion of Hidden Valley Road 53 Image 12: View of Estimated Location of Realignment of Hidden Valley Road to River Road 54 Image 13: View of Hidden Valley Road Proposed as a "Heritage Corridor' 54 Image 14: View of Hidden Valley Creek 55 Image 15: View of South Portion of Hidden Valley Road 55 Image 16: View of Walking Trails Adjacent to Hidden Valley Road 56 Image 17: View of Agricultural Fields and Forested Area Adjacent to Hidden Valley Road 56 Image 18: View of the South Intersection of Hidden Valley Road and Wabanki Drive 57 APPENDICES Appendix A: Maps and Images of Hidden Valley Road 48 Appendix B: Team Member Curriculum Vitae 58 May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener ABBREVIATIONS ARA —Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. BHR — Built Heritage Resource CHL — Cultural Heritage Landscape CHVI — Cultural Heritage Value or Interest EA — Environmental Assessment MCM — Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism OHA — Ontario Heritage Act OHT — Ontario Heritage Trust OP — Official Plan O. Reg. — Ontario Regulation PPS — Provincial Policy Statement PERSONNEL Principal: P.J. Racher, MA, CAHP Heritage Operations Manager: J. McDermid, BA, CAHP Senior Review: K. Jonas Galvin, MA, RPP, MCIP, CAHP Project Manager. P. Young, MA, CAHP Field Survey: P. Young, S. Zia, B.Arch, Dip. Arch. Conservation Historical Research: R. Hendricks, MA Cartographer. M. Johnson (GIS) Technical Writers: P. Young, S. Zia Editor. D. Worby, MA vi Two-page Curriculum Vitae (CV) for key team members that demonstrate the qualifications and expertise necessary to perform cultural heritage work in Ontario are provide in Appendix B. CITY OF KITCHENER REPORT REQUIREMENTS CHART City of Kitchener Requirements (HIA ToR) Relevant ARA Section 1.0 Project Context 4.0 Historical Context Background & Documentation 6.0 Field Survey 7.0 Property Description Appendix A: Maps and Figures Appendix B: Subject Property Images 2.0 Legislation and Policy Review 5.0 Consultation Heritage Analysis 8.0 Heritage Assessment 9.0 Proposed Development 10.0 Analysis of Potential Im acts 10.0 Analysis of Potential Impacts Summary Statement and Conservation 11.0 Considered Alternatives Recommendations 12.0 Mitigation Measures 13.0 Summary and Conservation Recommendations Mandatory Recommendation 13.0 Summary and Conservation Recommendations Literature and References Cited Bibliography and Resources Qualifications and background of Appendix C: Key Team Member's CVs authors/personnel May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT Under a contract awarded in August 2022 by City of Kitchener, Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. (ARA) carried out a Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) to support the review and replacement of the existing Residential Hidden Valley Community Plan and the Industrial Hidden Valley Community Plan. The City of Kitchener will replace existing Community Plans with a new Secondary Plan. The Hidden Valley Land Use Master Plan (henceforth Master Plan) was approved in 2019 and in order to implement this Master Plan, a Secondary Plan and Supporting Technical Studies are required. This HIA is part of the various supporting technical studies being conducted to inform the Secondary Plan. The proposed Master Plan study area is approximately 200 ha in size and bounded by Highway 8, the Grand River, Wabanaki Drive and Fairway Road in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Bechtel's Tract, Geographic Township of Waterloo (Map 1). Various studies in the City of Kitchener have identified Hidden Valley Road as possessing Cultural Heritage Value or Interest (CHVI), these include: In 1994, a Kitchener Scenic Road study. In 2014, the City of Kitchener completed a Cultural Heritage Landscapes (CHL) study and subsequently a Data Sheet L -RD -4 for Hidden Valley Road was produced. The CHL Study identified Hidden Valley Road as having potential for CHVI as a cultural heritage resource or a "Heritage Corridor" within the City of Kitchener's Official Plan, Section 13.C.4. Hidden Valley Road was identified as an original pioneer rural road. In 2019, the Master Plan identified portion of Hidden Valley Road, from south of Hidden Valley Creek to the start of the new River Road access to Highway 8, as a potential "Heritage Corridor'. The portion that was identified as a "Heritage Corridor' is the portion that will remain after the River Road extension (City of Kitchener 2019:4). As the study area contains the entire Hidden Valley Road and as the road has been previously identified as having potential CHVI, ARA suggests that the entire Hidden Valley Road be examined as a potential "Heritage Corridor" (Map 8). To facilitate this examination, the following terms are used throughout this HIA: The study area encompasses the entire Master Plan lands (Map 1); Hidden Valley Road CHL (Map 8) — is the 2014 Cultural Heritage Landscape study CHL (L -RD -4); Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor' (Map 9) - the portion of Hidden Valley Road from south of Hidden Valley Creek to the start of the new River Road access to Highway 8 is recommended within the project RFP to be evaluated to determine its CHVI and for it to potentially be considered a "Heritage Corridor" (City of Kitchener 2019, 2022). This assessment was conducted in accordance with the aims of the Provincial Policy Statement (2020) and the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. 0. 18, Ontario Heritage Tool Kit series (MCM 2006a), the Region of Waterloo Official Plan (2015) and City of Kitchener Official Plan (2014), the Hidden Valley Land Use Master Plan (2019) and Hidden Valley Community Heritage Impact Assessment & Corridor Enhancement Plan Terms of Reference provided by City of Kitchener — Planning Division specific to this project. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener V, Map 1: Study Area in the City of Kitchener (Produced by ARA under licence using ArcGIS@ software by Esri, @ Esri) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 K t lle- h— Z s. J0 2.5 5 km a. Riau Hidden Valley Secondary Plan Study Area Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road CITY OF KITCHENER N REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF WATERLOO1:25,000 Lot 6, Bechtels Tract mossommong�� Geographic Township of Waterloo 0 0.475 0.95km Former WATERLOO COUNTY se P Sources E— HERE. Garmin. Inlennap. increment P Cory,3E ECO U SGS FAO NPS. NRQAN Qea@aze IGN. Kada— ML, D -- S.,- E. J-,. METI. E- h— (—g —g) 0p,,5t—Map contributors. d ffi, GIS Hser Community Map 1: Study Area in the City of Kitchener (Produced by ARA under licence using ArcGIS@ software by Esri, @ Esri) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 3 2.0 LEGISLATION AND POLICY REVIEW The framework for this assessment report is provided by federal guidelines, provincial environmental and planning legislation, and policies as well as regional and local municipal Official Plans and guidelines. 2.1 Federal Guidelines At the national level, The Standards and Guidelines for Conservation of Historic Places in Canada (Parks Canada 2010) provides guidance for the preservation, rehabilitation, and restoration of historic places, including cultural heritage landscapes (CHLs) and built heritage resources (BHRs). Such guidance includes the planning and implementation of heritage conservation activities. With respect to CHLs, the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places define them as "any geographical area that has been modified, influenced or given special cultural meaning by people, and that has been formally recognized for its heritage value" (Parks Canada 2010:113). It identifies the three categories of cultural landscapes which are also contained within the UNESCO (2019) Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention: designed; organically evolved (vernacular); and associative. The Standards and Guidelines further outlines specific guidelines for cultural heritage landscapes, including 11 subsections on: "evidence of land use; evidence of traditional practices; land patterns; spatial organization; visual relationships; circulation; ecological features; vegetation; Iandforms; water features; and built features" (Parks Canada 2010:50). 2.2 Provincial Policies and Guidelines 2.2.1 Planning Act Section 2 of the Ontario Planning Act indicates that a council of a Municipality have regard for matters of provincial interest such as: "(d) the conservation of features of significant architectural, cultural, historical, archaeological or scientific interest" (Government of Ontario 2018). Section 3 of the Planning Act directs a municipal Council's decisions to be consistent with the Provincial Policy Statement (PPS 2020). 2.2.2 The Provincial Policy Statement (2020) The Provincial Policy Statement (PPS 2020) contains a combined statement of the Province's land use planning policies. It provides the provincial government's policies on a range of land use planning issues including cultural heritage outlined. As outlined in Section 2.0 on Wise Use of and Management of Resources: "Ontario's long-term prosperity, environmental health, and social well- being depend on conserving biodiversity, protecting the health of the Great Lakes, and protecting natural heritage, water, agricultural, mineral and cultural heritage and archaeological resources for their economic, environmental and social benefits" (MMAH 2020:24). The PPS 2020 promotes the conservation of cultural heritage resources through detailed polices in Section 2.6, such as "2.6.1 Significant built heritage resources and significant cultural heritage landscapes shall be conserved" and "2.6.3 Planning authorities shall not permit development and site alteration on adjacent lands to protected heritage property except where the proposed development and site alteration has been evaluated and it has been demonstrated that the heritage attributes of the protected heritage property will be conserved" (MMAH 2020:31). May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 4 2.2.3 Ontario Heritage Act The Ontario Heritage Act (OHA), R.S.O. 1990, c.018 is the guiding piece of provincial legislation for the conservation of significant cultural heritage resources in Ontario. The OHA gives provincial and municipalities governments the authority and power to conserve Ontario's heritage. The OHA has policies which address individual properties (Part IV), heritage districts (Part IV), and allows municipalities to create a register of non -designated properties which may have cultural heritage value or interest (Section 27). In order to objectively identify cultural heritage resources, O. Reg. 9/06 (as amended by O. Reg. 569/22) made under the OHA sets out nine criteria for determining CHVI (MCM 2006b:20-27). The criteria set out in the regulation were developed to identify and evaluate properties for designation under the OHA. Best practices in evaluating properties that are not yet protected employ O. Reg. 9/06 to determine if they have CHVI. In the absence of specific CHL evaluation criteria, potential CHLs are evaluated using the O. Reg 9/06. which is applied to consider the built and natural features of the property and also evaluate the area as a whole. The O. Reg. 9/06 criteria are as follows: 1. The property has design value or physical value because it is a rare, unique, representative, or early example of a style, type, expression, material or construction method. 2. The property has design value or physical value because it displays a high degree of craftsmanship or artistic merit. 3. The property has design value or physical value because it demonstrates a high degree of technical or scientific achievement. 4. The property has historical value or associative value because it has direct associations with a theme, event, belief, person, activity, organization or institution that is significant to a community. 5. The property has historical value or associative value because it yields, or has the potential to yield, information that contributes to an understanding of a community or culture. 6. The property has historical value or associative value because it demonstrates or reflects the work or ideas of an architect, artist, builder, designer or theorist who is significant to a community. 7. The property has contextual value because it is important in defining, maintaining or supporting the character of an area. 8. The property has contextual value because it is physically, functionally, visually or historically linked to its surroundings. 9. The property has contextual value because it is a landmark. The OHA provides three key tools for the conservation of built heritage resources (BHRs) and cultural heritage landscapes (CHLs). It allows for protection as: 1. A single property (i.e., farmstead, park, garden, estate, cemetery), a municipality can designate BHRs and CHLs as individual properties under Part IV of the OHA. 2. Multiple properties or a specific grouping of properties may be considered a CHL, as such, a municipality can designate the area as a Heritage Conservation District (HCD) under Part V of the OHA. 3. Lastly, a municipality has the authority to add an individual or grouping of non-OHA designated property(ies) (often called "listed" properties) of heritage value or interest on their Municipal Heritage Register. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 5 An OHA designation provides the strongest heritage protection available for conserving cultural heritage resources. 2.2.4 Eight Guiding Principles in the Conservation of Built Heritage Properties The MCM's Eight Guiding Principles in the Conservation of Built Heritage Properties (2007) provides statements on heritage conservation best practices. These statements form the ministry's position and are based on international charters and best practices. As with the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada, these principles are meant to guide changes to cultural heritage resources to ensure that cultural heritage value or interest is conserved. The statements are: 1. Respect for documentary evidence 2. Respect for original location 3. Respect for historic material 4. Respect for original fabric 5. Respect for the building's history 6. Reversibility 7. Legibility 8. Maintenance (MCM 2007). 2.2.5 Ontario Heritage Tool Kit: Heritage Resources in the Land Use Planning Process MCM's Heritage Toolkit Heritage Resources in the Land Use Planning Process, Information Sheet #2 Cultural Heritage Landscapes (2006c:1-2) defines CH Ls, similar to Standards and Guidelines for Conservation of Historic Places in Canada, with these definitions: Designed Cultural Landscapes — These are areas that are clearly defined and created intentionally by human design. They may include garden and parkland landscapes constructed for aesthetic reasons and may be associated with religious or monumental buildings. Evolved Cultural Landscapes — This type of landscape is often the result of a social, economic, administrative and/or religious motivation that has continued to develop into its present form due to associations with, or in response to, its natural environment. There are two sub -categories of this CHL type: o Relic Landscape — One in which an evolutionary process came to an end but its significant distinguishing features are still visible. o Continuing Landscape — One that retains associations with traditional practices but which retains an active social role in the current community while continuing to evolve and exhibit material evidence of this ongoing evolution. Associative Cultural Landscapes — These landscapes have religious, artistic, or cultural associations with nature rather than with material cultural evidence, which may be insignificant or absent (MCM InfoSheet #2:1-2). 2.3 Municipal Policies 2.3.1 Region of Waterloo Official Plan The Region of Waterloo Regional Official Plan 2051 Chapter 3 focuses on "Liveability in Waterloo." Section 3.G contains policies related specifically to cultural heritage in Waterloo Region. Policy 3.G.1 indicates that: "The Region and Area Municipalities will ensure that cultural May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 6 heritage resources are conserved using the provisions of the Heritage Act, the Planning Act, the Environmental Assessment Act..." (2022:48). Policy 3.G.3 states: Area Municipalities will identify cultural heritage resources by establishing and maintaining a register of properties that are of cultural heritage value or interest. Area Municipalities will include on their register properties designated under Part IV, V or VI of the Heritage Act, and will consider including, but not be limited to, the following additional cultural heritage resources of cultural heritage value or interest: (a) properties that have heritage conservation easements or covenants registered against title,- (b) itle,(b) cultural heritage resources of Regional interest, and (c) cultural heritage resources identified by the Grand River Conservation Authority and the Federal or Provincial governments (Region of Waterloo 2015:48-49). In Policy 3.G.4 the Region indicates it will also coordinate and maintain a "region -wide inventory of cultural heritage resources" which will include the resources noted above as well as resources identified by "postsecondary institutions or local historical societies" (Region of Waterloo 2022:49). Policies 3.G.5- 3.G.7 address cultural heritage landscape conservation (2022:49-51). CHLs are to be conserved through the preparation and updating of a Regional Implementation Guideline for Cultural Heritage Landscape Conservation which will provide an identification and implementation framework and will allow for the highlighting of CHLs of Regional interest (Policy 3.G.5 Region of Waterloo 2014:49). Policy 3.G.6 further states: "Area Municipalities will designate Cultural Heritage Landscapes in their official plans and establish associated policies to conserve these areas. The purpose of this designation is to conserve groupings of cultural heritage resources..." (Region of Waterloo 2014:50). A study was completed in 2006, Cultural Heritage Landscapes in Waterloo Region: A Framework for Inventory (Scheinman & ENVision 2006), which provides historic themes within the Region to help identify landscapes and outlines candidate CHLs. Following this study, the Region of Waterloo issued the Regional Implementation Guideline for Cultural Heritage Landscape Conservation (2013, updated in 2018). As noted in the discussion above, this guideline outlines the process for identifying landscapes in the Region; specifically, that municipalities should develop a list of candidate CHLs, undertake public consultation, and create an inventory of CHLs and their heritage attributes. 2.3.2 Region of Waterloo Scenic Roads Evaluation Tools In 2010, Regional Council adopted the Context Sensitive Regional Transportation Design Guidelines (P-10-051). The document states, in section 4.4.5 Special Character Streets/Scenic Roads, that "Historic downtowns, heritage buildings, and natural spaces are some of the most valued assets of any community" and indicates that the design of Regional transportation corridors through such areas should reflect and protect the specific history and/or visual or natural character of each place (Region of Waterloo 2010:100). The Scenic Roads and Special Character Streets Resource Document is a supplement to the Context Sensitive Regional Transportation Design Guidelines (Brook Mclllroy 2013). With the support of the Heritage Planning Advisory Committee, it has been prepared by regional staff in Cultural Heritage, Transportation Planning, Transportation Engineering and Design and May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 7 Construction, and is based on earlier research, existing technical documents and current best practices within the Region. The purpose of the Scenic Roads and Special Character Streets Resource Document is to: Identify Regional transportation corridors that are Scenic Roads or Special Character Streets...; and Provide a resource for Regional staff to assist with the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of the sections of identified scenic corridors (Region of Waterloo 2011:1). The criteria used to describe a scenic road have been used to organize the landscape description in Section 7.0. 2.3.3 City of Kitchener Official Plan The City of Kitchener Official Plan outlines goals of the Official Plan (OP) which includes providing: ...a framework for the creation and maintenance of a safe and healthy urban environment within which opportunities are provided for people to satisfy their social, economic, cultural and physical needs and for maintaining and conserving the integrity of the natural and cultural heritage (City of Kitchener 2014:2-4). Section 12 of City of Kitchener Official Plan contains policies addressing cultural heritage resources. Within this section there are objectives for the conservation of cultural heritage resources including: 12. C. 1.1. To conserve the city's cultural heritage resources through their identification, protection, use and/or management in such a way that their heritage values, attributes and integrity are retained. 12. C.1.2. To ensure that all development or redevelopment and site alteration is sensitive to and respects cultural heritage resources and that cultural heritage resources are conserved. (2014:12-1). Cultural heritage resources are to be included in a list maintained by the City which is to include: a) properties listed as non -designated properties of cultural heritage value or interest on the Municipal Heritage Register,- b) egister,b) properties designated under Part IV and V of the Ontario Heritage Act; c) cultural heritage landscapes, and c) heritage corridors (Policy 12.C.1.3. City of Kitchener 2014:12-2). The City also acknowledges that all cultural heritage resources have not been identified and as such, Policy 12.C.1.4. provides for properties that are not "listed or designated to be considered as having cultural heritage value or interest" (2014:12-2). The protection of CHLs is outlined in policies 12.C.1.8. and 12.C.1.12. which provide for inventorying and listing of CHLs on the Municipal Heritage Register, their mapping and their conservation through legislation (2014:12-2-12-3). Beyond these policies the OP contains cultural heritage policies within Section 12 that address Heritage Conservation Districts; archaeology; conservation measures for cultural heritage resources; Heritage Impact Assessments and May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener Heritage Conservation Plans; Heritage Permit application process; the demolition/damage of cultural heritage resources; public infrastructure; incentives; the role and resources of Kitchener including leading by example with the care and management of City -owned cultural heritage resources; and the design and integration of cultural heritage resources in the City. Section 13 of the OP entitled "Integrated Transportation System" focuses on the creation of "An integrated transportation system [which] is an essential part of the city's urban structure and a key element in shaping the form and character of growth in the city" (City of Kitchener 2014:13-1). A component of the integrated transportation system is the conservation of cultural heritage resources. Specifically, there are policies focusing on "Heritage Corridors" in which they are identified as a cultural heritage resource, mapped in the Official Plan and there are policies for their management and conservation (City of Kitchener 2014:13-13-13-16). The use of the Ontario Heritage Act as a tool to designate "Heritage Corridors" is highlighted in Policy 13.C.4.9, but the Policy also notes that "designation in the context of Policy 13.C.4.6 implies an overlay designation over the classification of the street or multi -use pathway and should not be interpreted as meaning designation under the Ontario Heritage Act" (City of Kitchener 2014:13-13). Additionally, Policy 13.C.4.15 states: the City will encourage the formulation and use of Community, Secondary and other Plans and special land use guidelines and development controls on and in the vicinity of Heritage Corridors to maintain the overall visual character of such streets and multi -use pathway and their functional operation (City of Kitchener 2014:13-14). Policy 13.C.4.18 lists seven streets that have been identified as having "potential cultural heritage value or interest to be considered a potential cultural heritage resource" and Hidden Valley Road is included in this list (2014:13-16). 2.3.4 City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscape Study (2014) The City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscape Study (2014) is a planning tool which provides a legislative framework and planning tools to guide and manage change within identified CHLs. One of the purposes of the CHL Study was to consider "large scale areas that express both the historical process of development and the physical outcomes of that process" (2014: 5). The Study resulted in the identification of 55 CHLs with the City of Kitchener. The CHLs are categorized within one of the following nine categories: • Residential Neighbourhoods • Parks, Natural Areas and other Public/Private Open Spaces • Transportation Corridors and Streetscapes • Institutional Landscapes • Commercial Industrial and Retail Landscapes. • Agricultural Landscapes • Large Lot Residential/Estate Landscapes • Cemeteries • Grand River Valley Landscapes Rural roads are described in the study as: These roads serviced and in some cases continue to service the farm and agricultural community in the southern part of the original Township of Waterloo. Many of these May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener are part of the random network of roads that connected the small rural hamlets that had agriculture service industries such as grist mills, flax mills and sawmills. Many of these roads have rural cross-sections with narrow shoulders, ditches, utility lines and few fences. Most traverse the natural topography of the glacial landforms without the interruption of major grading (City of Kitchener 2014:12). Al Under the category of "Transportation Corridors and Streetscapes" Hidden Valley Road has been identified as a rural road CHL (L -RD -4). 2.3.5 Summary of Policies The municipal Official Plans, guidance documents and studies recognize the significance of cultural heritage landscapes and heritage corridors within the City of Kitchener. This HIA will address these cultural heritage policies as it analyzes the potential heritage value of the Hidden Valley Road and its potential for designation as a "Heritage Corridor'. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 3.0 KEY CONCEPTS 10 The following concepts require clear definition in advance of the methodological overview and proper understanding is fundamental for any discussion pertaining to cultural heritage resources: Key Definitions from the MMAH/Province are as follows: Cultural Heritage Value or Interest (CHVI), also referred to as Heritage Value, is identified if a property meets one of the criteria outlined in O. Reg. 9/06 namely historic or associate value, design or physical value and/or contextual value. Provincial significance is defined under Ontario Heritage Act (OHA) O. Reg. 10/06. Built Heritage Resource (BHR) can be defined in the PPS as: "a building, structure, monument, installation or any manufactured or constructed part or remnant that contributes to a property's cultural heritage value or interest as identified by a community, including Indigenous community. Built heritage resources are located on property that has been designated under Parts IV or V of the Ontario Heritage Act, or that may be included on local, provincial and/or federal and/or international registers" (MMAH 2020:41). Cultural Heritage Landscape (CHL) is defined in the PPS as: "a defined geographical area that may have been modified by human activity and is identified as having cultural heritage value or interest by a community, including an Aboriginal community. The area may involve features such as structures, spaces, archaeological sites or natural elements that are valued together for their interrelationship, meaning or association. Examples may include, but are not limited to, heritage conservation districts designated under the Ontario Heritage Act; villages, parks, gardens, battlefields, mainstreets and neighbourhoods, cemeteries, trailways, viewsheds, natural areas and industrial complexes of heritage significance; and areas recognized by federal or international designation authorities (e.g., a National Historic Site or District designation, or a UNESCO World Heritage Site)" (MMAH 2020:42). Conserved means "the identification, protection, management and use of built heritage resources, cultural heritage landscapes and archaeological resources in a manner that ensures their cultural heritage value or interest is retained. This may be achieved by the implementation of recommendations set out in a conservation plan, archaeological assessment, and/or heritage impact assessment that has been approved, accepted or adopted by relevant planning authority and/or decision -makers. Mitigative measures and/or alternative development approaches can be included in these plans and assessments" (MMAH 2020:41). Heritage Attributes are defined as: "the principal features or elements that contribute to a protected heritage property's cultural heritage value or interest, and may include the property's built, constructed, or manufactured elements, as well as natural landforms, vegetation, water features, and its visual setting (e.g. significant views or vistas to or from a protected heritage property)." (MMAH 2020:44-45). Protected heritage property is defined as "property designated under Parts IV, V or VI of the Ontario Heritage Act; property subject to a heritage conservation easement under Parts I I or IV of the Ontario Heritage Act; property identified by the Province and prescribed public bodies as provincial heritage property under the Standards and Guidelines for Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties; property protected under federal legislation, and UNESCO World Heritage Sites" (MMAH 2020:49). Significant in reference to cultural heritage is defined as: "resources that have been determined to have cultural heritage value or interest. Processes and criteria for determining cultural heritage value or interest are established by the Province under the authority of the Ontario Heritage Act" (MMAH 2020:51). May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 11 4.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT The site history of study area was constructed using available background information obtained from aerial photographs, historical maps (i.e., illustrated atlases) and published secondary sources (online and print). 4.1 Limitations It should be noted that there is always the possibility that additional historical information exists but may not have been identified or accessible for review. 4.2 Settlement History The City of Kitchener and Waterloo County have a long history of settlement including pre -contact and post -contact Indigenous campsites and villages due to its productive riverside lands, as well as favorable farmland. The study area has strong associations with Indigenous communities, and the heritage resources considered in this report can be associated with both Pre -Contact and Post -Contact cultural developments. Accordingly, this historical context section spans the Pre - Contact Indigenous occupation history through Euro -Canadian settlement history to present. The early history of the study area can be effectively discussed in terms of major historical events. 4.2.1 Pre -Contact The Pre -Contact history of the region is lengthy and rich, and a variety of Indigenous groups inhabited the landscape. Archaeologists generally divide this vibrant history into three main periods: Palaeo, Archaic, and Woodland. Each of these periods comprise a range of discrete sub- periods characterized by identifiable trends in material culture and settlement patterns, which are used to interpret past lifeways. The principal characteristics of these sub -periods are summarized in Table 1. Table 1: Pre -Contact Settlement History (Wright 1972; Ellis and Ferris 1990; Warrick 2000; Munson and Jamieson 2013) Sub -Period Timeframe Characteristics Gainey, Barnes and Crowfield traditions; Small bands; Mobile hunters Early Palaeo 9000-8400 BC and gatherers; Utilization of seasonal resources and large territories; Fluted points Holcombe, Hi -Lo and Lanceolate biface traditions; Continuing mobility; Late Palaeo 8400-7500 BC Campsite/Way-Station sites; Smaller territories are utilized; Non -fluted points Side -notched, Corner -notched (Nettling, Thebes) and Bifurcate traditions; Early Archaic 7500-6000 BC Growing diversity of stone tool types; Heavy woodworking tools appear (e.g., ground stone axes and chisels Stemmed (Kirk, Stan ly/Neville), Brewerton Side- and Corner -Notched Middle Archaic 6000-2500 BC traditions; Reliance on local resources; Populations increasing; More ritual activities; Fully ground and polished tools; Net -sinkers common; Earliest copper tools Narrow Point (Lamoka), Broad Point (Genesee) and Small Point Late Archaic 2500-900 BC (Crawford Knoll) traditions; Less mobility; Use of fish -weirs; True cemeteries appear; Stone pipes emerge; Long-distance trade (marine shells andgalena) Meadowood tradition; Crude cord -roughened ceramics emerge; Early Woodland 900-400 BC Meadowood cache blades and side -notched points; Bands of up to 35 people May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 12 Sub -Period Timeframe Characteristics Saugeen tradition; Stamped ceramics appear; Saugeen projectile points; Middle Woodland 400 BC—AD Cobble spall scrapers; Seasonal settlements and resource utilization; Early Exploration 600 Post holes, hearths, middens, cemeteries and rectangular structures century identified Middle/Late Princess Point tradition; Cord roughening, impressed lines and punctate Woodland AD 600-900 designs on pottery; Adoption of maize horticulture at the western end of Transition Mid- to late Lake Ontario; Oval houses and 'incipient' longhouses; First palisades; and Conflict 17th century Villages with 75 people Late Woodland Glen Meyer tradition; Settled village -life based on agriculture; Small (Early) AD 900-1300 villages (0.4 ha) with 75-200 people and 4-5 longhouses; Semi- permanent settlements Late Woodland Uren and Middleport traditions; Classic longhouses emerge; Larger (Middle) AD 1300-1400 villages (1.2 ha) with up to 600 people; More permanent settlements (30 ears Pre -Contact Neutral tradition; Larger villages (1.7 ha); Examples up to 5 Late Woodland AD 1400-1600 ha with 2,500 people; Extensive croplands; Also hamlets, cabins, camps (Late) and cemeteries; Potential tribal units; Fur trade begins ca. 1580; European trade goods appear Although Iroquoian -speaking populations tended to leave a much more obvious mark on the archaeological record and are therefore emphasized in the Late Woodland entries above, it must be understood that Algonquian -speaking populations also represented a significant presence in southern Ontario. Due to the sustainability of their lifeways, archaeological evidence directly associated with the Anishinaabeg remains elusive, particularly when compared to sites associated with the more sedentary agriculturalists. Many artifact scatters in southern Ontario were likely camps, chipping stations or processing areas associated with the more mobile Anishinaabeg, utilized during their travels along the local drainage basins while making use of seasonal resources. It must be recognized that this part of southern Ontario represents the ancestral territory of various Indigenous groups, each with their own land use and settlement pattern tendencies. 4.2.2 Post -Contact The arrival of European explorers and traders at the beginning of the 17th century triggered widespread shifts in Indigenous lifeways and set the stage for the ensuing Euro -Canadian settlement process. Documentation for this period is abundant, ranging from the first sketches of Upper Canada and the written accounts of early explorers to detailed township maps and lengthy histories. The Post -Contact period can be effectively discussed in terms of major historical events, and the principal characteristics associated with these events are summarized in Table 2. Table 2: Post -Contact Settlement History (Smith 1846; Sutherland 1864; Coyne 1895; Lajeunesse 1960; Cumming 1972; Janusas 1988; Ellis and Ferris 1990; Surtees 1994; Hayes 1997; Bloomfield 2006; AO 2015) Historical Event Timeframe Characteristics Brute explores southern Ontario in 1610/11; Champlain travels through in Early 1613 and 1615/1616, making contact with a number of Indigenous Early Exploration 17th groups (including the Algonquin, Huron-Wendat and other First Nations); century European trade goods become increasingly common and begin to put pressure on traditional industries Conflicts between various First Nations during the Beaver Wars result in Increased Contact Mid- to late numerous population shifts; European explorers continue to document and Conflict 17th century the area, and many Indigenous groups trade directly with the French and 'The English; Great Peace of Montreal' treaty established between rou hly 39 different First Nations and New France in 1701 May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 13 Historical Event Timeframe Characteristics Growth and spread of the fur trade; Peace between the French and Fur Trade Early to English with the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713; Ethnogenesis of the Metis; Development mid -18th century Hostilities between French and British lead to the Seven Years' War in 1754; French surrender in 1760 Royal Proclamation of 1763 recognizes the title of the First Nations to the Mid- to late land; Numerous treaties subsequently arranged by the Crown; First land British Control 18th cession under the new protocols is the Seneca surrender of the west side century of the Niagara River in 1764; The Niagara Purchase (Treaty 381) in 1781 included this area United Empire Loyalist influx after the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783); British develop interior communication routes and acquire Late 18th additional lands; Between the Lakes Purchase completed with the Loyalist Influx century Mississaugas in 1784 and confirmed in 1792 (Treaty 3); Haldimand Proclamation of 1784 grants land to Six Nations (the Haldimand Tract), clarified by the Simcoe Patent (Treaty 4) in 1793; Constitutional Act of 1791 creates Upper and Lower Canada Became part of York County's 'West Riding' in 1792; Brant surrenders County Late 18ththo Blocks 1-6 of the Haldimand Tract to the Crown in 1798; Became part of Development early 19 the Gore District and Halton County in 1816; Wellington District and century Waterloo County created in 1840; Waterloo County independent after the abolition of the districts stem in 1849 Waterloo initially comprised Block 2 of the Haldimand Tract; Purchased by United Empire Loyalist R. Beasley and his partners in 1798; Deeds could not be issued until full payment was made to Six Nations; Nearly Township Early 5,750 ha sold to Pennsylvania Mennonites and non -Mennonites in 1800; Formation 19th century German Company formed to facilitate a bulk sale of land to Pennsylvania Mennonites, represented by D. Erb and S. Bricker; Remaining 24,281 ha purchased in 1805 with clear title; Lots drawn by shareholders in Pennsylvania; Steady and rapid stream of settlers ensued, disrupted only by the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812 Population reached 4,424 by 1841 (mostly Pennsylvania Dutch and German); 33,518 ha taken up by 1846, with 12,151 ha under cultivation; 20 saw mills and 8 grist mills in operation at that time; Traversed by the Township Mid -19th to early Grand Trunk Railway (1856), Galt & Guelph Railway (1855/57), Preston & Development 20th century Berlin Railway (1857/1873) and Waterloo Junction Railway (1889/91); Principal settlements at Berlin, Hespeler, Preston and Waterloo, Other communities at Blair, Bloomingdale, Breslau, Bridgeport, Doon, Freeport, Freiburg, German Mills, New Aberdeen, Oregon (Upper Doon), Shantz, Strasburg and Williamsburg 4.2.3 German Mills Historical maps show that the community of German Mills was located within and adjacent to the northwest section of the study area. German Mills, also known as Parkway, Jewsburg, Edenburg, Hopewell Mills and Bleams Mills, seems to have originated when Philip Bliehm built a sawmill on Schneider Creek in 1812. The mill, which was serviced by one dam, was purchased by Samuel Liebschuetz in 1835 (Janusas 1988:169). During Liebscheutz's period of mill ownership (1835- 1851) he laid plans for the village of Jewsburg, a name reflecting his religion (Benjamin and Berge 2012:56). The southern part of the Township of Waterloo owed much of its early development to the establishment of major thoroughfares in the first quarter of the 19th century. The earliest of these was Bleams Road, built by Philip Bliehm in the 1820s to link the Township of Wilmot and the western part of the Township of Waterloo to his businesses at German Mills (Bloomfield 2006:73-76). The flour mills were the epicentre of the small community, with related businesses that included a stave mill, cooperage and general store. Today, the last vestiges of the settlement are Cress Lane and Webster Road as they are currently aligned (Benjamin and Berge 2012:54). May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 14 4.2.4 Settlement of Freeport Freeport consisted of a small settlement on both banks of the Grand River and was one of the first areas to be settled in Waterloo County as its location on the Great Road between Preston and Berlin as well as the Grand River allowed ease of movement and access to wider markets not experienced by other pioneers within the Township. Freeport was also known as Toll Bridge and Bridgeville, as it was the location of a tolled bridge that crossed the Grand River. Initially all north -traveling settlers would have to ford the river at Reichert's Ford, later called Livergood's Ford, until the first permanent bridge in Waterloo Township was built in 1820 (Mika and Mika 1977). The highest toll was a sixpence a wagon. The bridge was decommissioned as a toll bridge in 1865, when the village's name was changed to Freeport in order to reflect the new status (Mika and Mika 1977). Most early settlers were of Pennsylvania Dutch origin, although they were soon followed by groups of German immigrants. A post office was established in 1863 and the Freeport United Brethren Church was founded in 1861. The United Brethren is an evangelical Christian denomination with roots in German Reform communities such as the Methodists and the Mennonites, and the Freeport congregation ran an Academy in the hamlet between 1866 and 1872 (Region of Waterloo Museums 2021). The church and academy was the main focus of social and religious life in the village, and many of Freeport's residents volunteered at the Freeport Hospital, a rehabilitation hospital during WWI, later repurposed as a sanitarium for tuberculosis patients from the 1930s into the 1960s (Region of Waterloo Museums 2021). 4.3 Study Area History 4.3.1 Mapping and Imagery Analysis In order to gain a general understanding of the study area, two historic settlement maps, four topographic maps and two aerial images were examined during the research component of the study. Specifically, the following resources were consulted: • G.R. and G.M. Tremaine's Map of the County of Waterloo, Canada West (1861) (OCHMP 2019); • Waterloo Township from H. Parsell & Co.'s Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Waterloo, Ontario (1881) (MU 2001); • Topographic maps from 1916, 1923, 1929 and 1936 (OCUL 2023); and • Aerial images from 1955 and 1963 (UW 2021). The limits of the study area, the Hidden Valley Road CHL and the proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor' are shown on georeferenced versions of the consulted historical resources in Map 2—Map 6. Tremaine's Map of the County of Waterloo, Canada West (1861) indicates that the study area comprised part of Bechtel's Tract but was also labelled in other maps as part of Beasley's Old Survey. David Sararus, A.C. Weber, and Andrew Sararus were indicated as owners of parcels within the study area (Map 2). According to Ezra Eby's biographical sketches of Waterloo pioneer families, Nicholas and Mary (Livergood) Sararus immigrated to Waterloo Township from North Carolina with their son Andrew in 1802. The family settled on the west bank of the Grand River near Freeport, and after his parents' deaths in the 1830s Andrew Sararus (1781-1867) inherited the family homestead. His son, David Sararus (1824-1892) is depicted as living nearby. Abraham C. Weber (1817-1874) was born in Berlin (Kitchener), the son of Mennonite settlers from Pennsylvania. He lived with his parents until 1855, when he and his wife May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 15 Judith purchased Benjamin Shantz's and the Stafford's farms near Freeport, where he died in the late 1800s (Eby 1896). The study area does not appear on the atlas, as the major thoroughfares at the time were located to the north (the "Great Road," now King Street East, and Bleam's Road) and south. A portion of the Hidden Valley CHL (the bottom/south section) is visible on the map. It is possible the "proposed heritage corridor' portion of what is now Hidden Valley Road existed at the time, but it is not indicated on the map as an important traffic artery. There are no structures depicted on the Sararus or Weber properties, but like the road, that does not mean there were no buildings, just that they are not marked. The Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Waterloo, Ontario (1881) is not as detailed as the 1861 map in that it does not list the names of property owners and only indicates the area was part of Beasley's Old Survey (Map 3). However, it indicates that the southern part of Hidden Valley Road (part of the Hidden Valley Road CHL) was joined to the opposite bank of the Grand River by a bridge, instead of simply a ford. The settlement of Freeport was located at a crossroad across the river from the study area, and this southern spur connected Freeport to the settlement of German Mills to the east. There were two other major thoroughfares north of the study area one of which was Bleam's Road, and the other was the "Great Road" which connected the settlements of Preston to Berlin (Kitchener), to the north of the study area. The "proposed heritage corridor' section of Hidden Valley Road is not drawn on the map, but once again it could have existed as a local road or footpath along the west bank of the Grand River. No structures appear either within the study area or along Hidden Valley Road, and steep banks are shaded on either side of the Grand River. Topographic maps show minimal change to the area (Map 4). In 1916 the "proposed heritage corridor' is indicated on the map as a road linking the southern part of Hidden Valley Road that spans the Grand River to Freeport to a spur of the "Great Road" that leads to German Mills, and it ran on a north -south axis along the hilly topography of the Grand River's west bank. The south end of this portion of the road possessed a bridge crossing a tributary creek of the Grand River and was forested with deciduous trees. Three frame houses were indicated on the map, one on each side of the road along the "proposed heritage corridor" and one at the western end of the south portion of the road (part of the Hidden Valley CHL). In 1923 and 1929 the study area appears fundamentally the same as in 1916. By 1936 there have been changes, specifically road alignment of Hidden Valley Road had changed, it was oriented on a straighter north -south axis rather than jogging to the west at the top of the hill near the centre of the "proposed heritage corridor' portion of the road. There was no longer a ford that splits to the east and crosses the Grand River south of Freeport, and the road leading to the ford did not appear on the map at all. This closed an east -west pioneer thoroughfare, and instead routed traffic travelling east from German Mills onto Hidden Valley Road, as they would then need to take King Street East north of the study area to travel to Freeport, Preston, or Kitchener. The bridge that spanned the tributary creek directly south of the former road remained, and both banks of the creek were still forested. The frame house on the west side of the road was no longer present, and there were three frame buildings on the east side of the road that overlooked the Grand River. Lastly, a telephone line crossed the study area at its northern boundary and ran to the community of German Mills. An aerial image from 1955 demonstrates that the study area similarly resembled its 1936 topographic depiction (Map 5). Deciduous forest continued to follow the creek tributary at the study area's southern border, and the road followed the same alignment as in the 1930s. The former alignment of Hidden Valley Road leading to the former fording location remained visible on the landscape, and the road trace of the continuation of Hidden Valley Road could also be seen east of the Grand River. The west side and north end of the study area consisted of cleared agricultural fields that bordered the road, and the east side had some tree cover although house May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 16 lots were largely cleared of forest. There were house lots on each side of the study area, which included a barn on the west side cresting the hill that possibly exists today. Driveways branched off the road, the longest of which indicated the road's old alignment and took advantage of the topography's elevated views of the Grand River. By 1963, Highway 8 had been laid north of the study area and bisected the historic route of Hidden Valley Road. As a result, the new section of Hidden Valley Road looped west and followed the route of the highway, while the northern terminus of Hidden Valley Road had been renamed to Hofstetter Avenue, which joined Cameo Drive at King Street East (Map 6). Highway 8's construction fundamentally altered Hidden Valley Road into a loop joining with Wabanaki Road to the west, rather than as a connection between two major pioneer thoroughfares. The vegetation that surrounded the creek had been cleared significantly, as had the east side of the road along the west bank of the Grand River, likely for residential construction. The layout of the agricultural fields adjacent to the road's west edge largely remained the same, even at the northern edge of the study area where the new route of Hidden Valley Road cut through the pastures. There were more house lots present on both sides of the road compared to 1955, especially along the bank of the Grand River on road's east side. Other historic documents, such as Historical Society of Waterloo publications and historic atlases, were examined for any mention of Hidden Valley Road or a similar road nearby with no results. A search was performed of both the Archives of Ontario and the Region of Waterloo Archives descriptive databases but there does not appear to be any textual records or photographs regarding the study area. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 17 Map 2: G.R. and G.M. Tremaine's Tremaine's Map of the County of Waterloo, Canada West (1861) (Produced under licence using ArcGIS® software by Esri, © Esri; OHCMP 2019) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 i1 y ,,ala C.. — ,�.�. • 3 4 1 ltr y ♦` obe f wA � q MOO a WA Ilk— OIr tt _ r Study Area � EXPLkyATIfl HB. Hidden Valley Road CHLProposed ARFARA1:15,000 Hidden Valley Road e Corridor" .. _,, .-H"Herita 0 295 590 m MtR*R1j. CCT. se Map SoIX S G M. Tremaine'Tremalne's Map of rhe C^- _ tWatetloo: Canatla Wesf (1841) Map 2: G.R. and G.M. Tremaine's Tremaine's Map of the County of Waterloo, Canada West (1861) (Produced under licence using ArcGIS® software by Esri, © Esri; OHCMP 2019) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 18 Map 3: Parsell and Co,'s Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Waterloo, Ontario (1881) (Produced under licence using ArcGIS® software by Esri, © Esri; MU 2001) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 4low _. 'R t4 4E 44 i Study Area Hidden Valley Road CHL f#Rh► Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" N ti5,000 0 300 a00m ee Map Spprce: Map ofW t—, Tpw-p'imm H. Parsell&—, svaxea Itlaioncal anal ox aye counry or waxanoo•[a aex) Map 3: Parsell and Co,'s Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Waterloo, Ontario (1881) (Produced under licence using ArcGIS® software by Esri, © Esri; MU 2001) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 19 E 4R CC FO 111111 110 �r 50 CL �p0rce: GaX [Oa0P08111818) CC • O aL i F� a� Ltd Study Area Hidden Valley Road CHL Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" 11,t VFOR L^. GaX [649P98j �1 B29) rcene fOch mi/l or. /Acfary . • sin a _ tea, u,n nee _ ra fira^^ . . . ar.. ...................... T Mann .....•,._. Weea� lod.;a..�., ila�in,a.e Coeeoe.F re:lrnae/onl ln�preesro�l �x A%INVA" IN 118,752 q 0 375 750m fj1� Map 4: Topographic Maps from 1916, 1923, 1929, 1936 (Produced under licence using ArcGIS® software by Esri, © Esri, OCUL 2023) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 20 Study Area Hidden Valley Road CHL Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" A,166../�#RA N 1:10,©04 0 200 400m 3ase Map Sopma: Aerial lmape [14551 Map 5: Aerial Image (1955) (Produced under licence using ArcGIS® software by Esri, © Esri; UW 2021) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 21 Study Area Hidden Valley Road CHL Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" Aakkawu N 1:18,707 0 375 750 m d... Map Soptpa: A -11,a [19631 Map 6: Aerial Image (1963) (Produced under licence using ArcGIS® software by Esri, © Esri; University of Waterloo 2021) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 22 5.0 CONSULTATION BHRs and CHLs are broadly referred to as cultural heritage resources. A variety of types of recognition exist to commemorate and/or protect cultural heritage resources in Ontario. The Minister of Environment and Climate Change, on the advice of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (HSMBC), makes recommendations to declare a site, event or person of national significance. The National Historic Sites program commemorates important sites that had a nationally significant effect on, or illustrates a nationally important aspect of, the history of Canada. A National Historic Event is a recognized event that evokes a moment, episode, movement or experience in the history of Canada. National Historic People are people who are recognized as those who through their words or actions, have made a unique and enduring contribution to the history of Canada. There exists Parks Canada's online Directory of Federal Heritage Designations which captures these national commemorations. This directory also lists Heritage Railway Stations, Federal Heritage Buildings and Heritage Lighthouses. The Federal Canadian Heritage Database was searched, and no plaques or properties were noted within or adjacent to Hidden Valley Road (Parks Canada 2022). It is important to note that these federal commemoration programs do not offer protection from alteration or destruction. The Ontario Heritage Trust (OHT) operates the Provincial Plaque Program that has over 1,250 provincial plaques recognizing key people, places and events that shaped the province. Additionally, properties owned by the province may be recognized as a "provincial heritage property" (MCM 2010). The OHT plaque database was searched and none of the properties within or adjacent to the road are commemorated with an OHT plaque (OHT 2021). The Grand River is within and adjacent to the study area and is commemorated with plaques by the Grand River Conservation Authority as a Canadian Heritage River. There are five plaques at various points along the Grand River at associated tributaries which include: Grand River: Cambridge (Galt); Conestogo River: St. Jacobs; Nith River: New Hamburg; Speed River: Guelph; Eramosa River: Halton Hills (GRCA 2023). No plaques relating to the Grand River are located near the road. MCM's current list of Heritage Conservation Districts was consulted. No designated districts were identified in or adjacent to the study area (MCM 2019). The list of properties designated by the MCM under Section 34.5 of the OHA was consulted. No properties in or adjacent to the road are listed. Many municipal heritage committees and historical societies provide plaques for local places of interest. "One role of municipal heritage groups (i.e., municipal heritage committees, historical societies) is to educate and inform the community on local heritage and several ways this could occur could include: producing descriptive guides and newsletters or by installing commemorative plaques" (MCM 2007:8). ARA staff contacted the City of Kitchener and Region of Waterloo staff via email on November 2, 2022. ARA inquired about: 1) background research, relevant to Hidden Valley Road, conducted as part of City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscapes (2014) study; 2) studies/reports on the examination of CHLs, especially roadways or Heritage Corridors. In response to the inquiries, the City sent links to the Cultural Heritage Landscapes Data Sheets (2014), while the Region pointed towards a HIA completed by WSP in 2020 titled, "Cultural Heritage Existing Conditions and Preliminary Impact Assessment Report Stage 2 ION LRT" Both the documents discuss the CHVI of the Hidden Valley Road as a potential `Heritage Corridor'. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 23 At project commencement, through the RFP, City of Kitchener staff identified several heritage related items to be considered as part of this report. It was noted that Hidden Valley Road has been identified in the 2014 City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscape study as a CHL (L -RD - 4), and that the Hidden Valley Land Use Master Plan was approved by Council in June 2019. A link was also provided to the data sheets for the city's CHL study staff identified that the Official Plan recognizes Hidden Valley Road as having potential cultural heritage value or interest. Lastly, it was noted that there are no listed or designated properties which fall within or area adjacent to the study area. In 2020 ARA conducted a Cultural Heritage Assessment Report (CHAR) as part of the Class Environmental Assessment and Preliminary Design for UpperHidden Valley Sanitary Pumping Station and Forcemain and three built heritage resources were identified adjacent to Hidden Valley Road as having potential CHVI however, these properties are not considered protected properties as they are not designated nor listed. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 6.0 FIELD SURVEY 24 The field survey component of an assessment involves the collection of primary data through systematic photographic documentation of all potential cultural heritage resources within the study area, as identified through historical research and consultation. A field survey was conducted on November 9, 2022, to photograph and document the Hidden Valley Road (Map 7 for photo locations). The field survey enables the team to record any local features that could enhance ARA's understanding of their setting in the landscape and contribute to the cultural heritage evaluation process. The field survey was conducted from publicly accessible, non -private lands. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 25 7.0 LANDSCAPE DESCRIPTION Hidden Valley Road runs in an irregular, semi -circular loop through the Hidden Valley community in the City of Kitchener. It is a tertiary road that connects the community to the adjacent areas through Wabanaki Drive located to the west (Image 10 and Image 18). Hidden Valley Road has the Grand River to the east and agricultural properties/lands in the centre of the loop (Image 12— Image 14). 7.1 Contextual Surrounding Hidden Valley Road is a narrow two-lane road with portions with no curbs and other portions which are newly paved with curbs and gutters (Image 13 and Image 15). The road is situated within a rural setting with some portions of it within more of a residential setting. The area within the looped road mainly consists of forested lands, hilly areas with walking trails, and agricultural fields (Image 16—Image 17). The Hidden Valley Highlift Pump Station is located in the southeast portion of lands within the looped road. The outer perimeter of the road on the south side contains large estate lots spanning along the length of the road. Hidden Valley Road contains a wide range of building sizes and architectural styles with varying setbacks (Image 13). The houses on the east portion of road, parallel to the Grand River, appear to be older and concealed by natural foliage. A handful of highly visible, large, newer, homes are set closer to the road in other sections of the road. Natural vegetation and a mature tree canopy are visible for the entire corridor (Image 2). The east portion of the road has direct views to the Grand River to the east, and smaller sections provide views of the agricultural fields and forested areas. Some portions of the road have newer trees and therefore lack the mature tree canopy but contain similar undulating topography (Image 6). The southern intersection of Hidden Valley Road with Wabanaki Drive is located at a height of land which provides scenic views of the whole Hidden Valley community. At the southeast corner of the road, there are views to the Grand River. 7.2 Hidden Valley Road Landscape Features The topography and setting of the study area is described in the Master Plan as, "The area is characterized primarily by rolling topography, including several agricultural fields, with large lot estate residential dwellings towards the river' (2019:2). The other landscape features that may provide heritage character and value to the road that observed along the road are described in Table 3. 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Reg 9/06 (amended by O. Reg. 569/22) evaluation and provide a Statement of CHVI and list of heritage attributes. 8.1 Evaluation of Hidden Valley Road According to O. Reg. 9/06 Using information gathered in the field survey, and additional historical and contextual research, an evaluation of Hidden Valley Road, according to O. Reg. 9/06 (amended by O. Reg. 569/22) was conducted and can be found below in Table 4. Table 4: Evaluation of Hidden Valley Road Using O. Reg. 9/06 Evaluation of Property Description ✓ Value Statement(s) Hidden Valley Road was constructed in the late 1800s. The alignment of the road, along the Grand River, first appeared in the 1861 Tremaine's map of Waterloo County. The road assumed its current alignment, as a loop, The property has design value or sometime around 1916, as seen in the Topographic maps. physical value because it is a rare, Since those times, while undergoing minor realignments, unique, representative, or early ✓ the road has serviced the Hidden Valley community as a example of a style, type, expression, local, irregular, road loop. The road is lined with mature material or construction method. trees and a variety of vegetation. These types of older roads can be related to the irregularly laid rural roads observed as a characteristic of the City of Kitchener. They are not set according to fixed grids, which are now common in urban areas. The property has design value or Hidden Valley Road does not display a high degree of physical value because it displays a craftsmanship or artistic value. It was constructed using high degree of craftsmanship or artistic common methods and materials for its construction merit. period. The property has design value or Hidden Valley Road does not display a high degree of physical value because it technical or scientific achievement. It was built using demonstrates a high degree of common construction techniques for its construction technical or scientific achievement. period. Hidden Valley Road is part of a local road network that was laid out in the 1800s to connect early settlers in the The property has historical value or southern part of the Township of Waterloo to access associative value because it has direct adjacent farms, markets, other villages, and mills in the associations with a theme, event, ✓ Freeport and German Mills areas. It formed part of the belief, person, activity, organization or Beasley's Old Survey and is associated with the institution that is significant to a development of German Mills for agricultural purposes in community. the 19th century. The road has a direct association with the development of rural areas in southern parts of the Township of Waterloo. The property has historical value or Hidden Valley Road contains some remnants along its associative value because it yields, or route of rural life, but those do not yield or have the has the potential to yield, information potential to yield information that contributes to the that contributes to an understanding of understanding of the rural community or culture. a community or culture. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 32 Evaluation of Property Description ✓ Value Statement(s) The property has historical value or associative value because it Hidden Valley Road does not reflect the work or ideas of demonstrates or reflects the work or a significant architect, builder, artist, designer, or theorist ideas of an architect, artist, builder, who is significant to the community. designer or theorist who is significant to a community. Hidden Valley Road was laid to meet the needs of the early settlers to gain access to neighboring villages, The property has contextual value amenities, commerce, and such. Those rural because it is important in defining, characteristics of the Hidden Valley Community have maintaining or supporting the character since changed greatly from farmsteads to large estate of an area. residential lots. Although remnants of farm components and some agricultural fields are still found around the Hidden Valley Road, the basic character of the area has since evolved. Hidden Valley Road is physically and functionally linked to its surroundings. The road is set into the undulating and The property has contextual value rolling topography of the Hidden Valley area and as such because it is physically, functionally, ✓ follows the rise and fall of the lands. It provides scenic visually or historically linked to its views to the agricultural fields throughout various portions surroundings. of the road, the Grand Riverto the east and forested areas to the north and southwest. The property has contextual value Hidden Valley Road, while acting as a connector for the because it is a landmark. Hidden Valley community, it is not geographically located in a prominent spot to be considered a landmark. 8.2 Statement of Cultural Heritage Value or Interest The whole Hidden Valley Road was evaluated against O. Reg 9/06 and was determined to possess CHVI. The Statement of CHVI and identified heritage attributes form the basis for the impact evaluation and suggested mitigation measures in the rest of this report. 8.2.1 Introduction and Description of Property Hidden Valley Road runs in an irregular, semi -circular loop through the Hidden Valley community in the City of Kitchener. It is a tertiary road that connects the community to the adjacent areas through Wabanaki Drive on the north as well as south. 8.2.2 Statement of Cultural Heritage Value/Statement of Significance Hidden Valley Road is a representative example of rural roads that were essential for the development of an area. Hidden Valley Road was constructed around the late 1800s. The alignment of the road, along the Grand River, first appeared in the 1861 Tremaine's map of Waterloo County. The road assumed its current alignment, as a loop, sometime around 1916, as seen in the Topographic maps. Since those times, while undergoing minor realignments, the road has serviced the Hidden Valley community as a local, irregular, road loop. The road is lined with mature trees and a variety of vegetation. These types of older roads are related to the irregularly laid rural roads observed as a characteristic of the City of Kitchener. They are not set according to fixed grids, which are now observed in most urban areas. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 33 Hidden Valley Road has direct associations with a theme, and activity, that is significant to a community. Hidden Valley Road is part of a local road network that was laid in the 1800s to connect early settlers in the southern part of the Township of Waterloo to access adjacent farms, markets, other villages, and mills in the Freeport and German Mills areas. It formed part of the Beasley's Old Survey and is associated with the development of German Mills for agricultural purposes in the 19th century. The road has a direct association with the development of rural areas in southern parts of the Township of Waterloo. Hidden Valley Road is physically and functionally linked to its surroundings. The road is set into the undulating and rolling topography of the Hidden Valley area and as such follows the rise and fall of the lands. It provides scenic views of the agricultural fields to the west, the Grand River to the east and forested areas to the north and southwest. 8.2.3 Heritage Attributes Hidden Valley Road is a representative, example of a type of rural roads that were essential for the development of an area. The road contains the following heritage attributes that reflect this value: • Narrow two-lane alignment • No shoulders • Variety of vegetation along the shoulders, including mature trees and shrubs • Irregular road loop Hidden Valley Road has direct associations with a theme, and activity, that is significant to a community. Hidden Valley Road is part of a local road network that was laid in the 1800s to connect early settlers in the southern part of the Township of Waterloo to access adjacent farms, markets, other villages, and mills in the Freeport and German Mills areas. The road contains the following heritage attributes that reflect this value: Direct view to the L-shaped barn on the roadside Remnants of farmsteads visible along the route Views to agricultural fields, open space and natural vegetation Hidden Valley Road is physically and functionally linked to its surroundings. The road is set into the undulating and rolling topography of the Hidden Valley area and as such follows the rise and fall of the lands. The road contains the following heritage attributes that reflect these values: Scenic views to the surrounding areas and the Grand River(see Map 11) Undulating topography May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 34 9.0 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT The council of City of Kitchener approved a new Land Use Master Plan for the Hidden Valley (Master Plan) area in 2019 (Figure 1). The city is currently working towards preparing a Secondary Plan that would replace the existing Residential Hidden Valley Community Plan and the Industrial Hidden Valley Community Plan that was approved in 1989-90. This plan steered the development of Hidden Valley area in the late 1990s to the early 2000s. "The City is in the process of essentially overhauling the entire local level planning framework to respond to and implement changes in provincial, regional and city policy. The old land uses from the Official Plan, the existing Community Plans and the outdated zoning from 1985-1994 need to be replaced." (City of Kitchener 2019:4) The new Secondary Plan would be added to the City's Official Plan (OP) via amendments. In general, the Master Plan proposes the development of: • Low rise residential estates • Low rise residential detached dwellings on large lots • Medium rise residential buildings • High Rise Residential apartments • Mixed-use urban corridor • Commercial urban corridor • Business Park for general and service employment opportunities • Major Infrastructure and utility for public uses • Natural Heritage Conservation • Open Spaces The proposed Hidden Valley Master Plan study area is approximately 200 acres of land in size and it has been characterized as "primarily... rolling topography, including several agricultural fields, with large lot estate residential dwellings towards the river' (City of Kitchener 2019:3). As noted in the Master Plan's discussion of Issues and Opportunities, "Hidden Valley is a special character area with some unique attributes" (City of Kitchener 2019:4). The Master Plan identifies certain considerations from a land use policy perspective and one of these considerations is: Hidden Valley Road is a significant `Cultural Heritage Landscape' and under consideration as a `Heritage Corridor' (City of Kitchener 2019:4). There are several policy key directions for Hidden Valley area, as identified in the Master Plan report, including a subsection on Cultural Heritage (2019:6) which states: 1. The portion of Hidden Valley Road from approximately just south of Hidden Valley Creek to the location of the start of the new access arrangement to River Road extension near Highway 8 is the only portion of the road that would be the significant Cultural Heritage Landscape (CHL). 2. Find opportunities to acknowledge and celebrate the Grand River, Indigenous Culture and the historical context of the area. This could be connected with future park and open space features, wayfinding, interpretive panels, views and vistas or other opportunities (2019:6). May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 35 Outlined in the Master Plan study Hidden Valley Road will be impacted as "The Region has decided on the revised River Road extension alignment and is proceeding with the design and construction phases" (City of Kitchener 2019:4). As such, the Hidden Valley Road is proposed to be shortened and realigned into the River Road extension. In the northern portion of the Master Plan area, within the older "Hidden Valley Industrial Community Plan" area, proposed land uses are: Medium Rise Residential, High Rise Residential (the city is looking at an option that does not include high-rise residential zoning), Mixed Use and Commercial. Along the western edge of the Master Plan study area, in the area of the south intersection of Hidden Valley Road and Wabanaki Drive, land uses proposed are Commercial and Business Park Employment Uses. In the southern and eastern area of the Master Plan Low Rise Residential — Large lot and Low Rise Residential — Estate land use are proposed with plans to conserve the natural heritage of the area (Figure 1). May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 cD M 7 a� LL O N N N Oo N wig a m OF m m co O u� J JZ� i X U i 2 O i E m y iv $i Z 7 T 3 y of afit _` LL g `+� a a a 7 a� LL O N N N Oo N Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 37 10.0 ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS The new Master Plan for the Hidden Valley community has the potential to affect Hidden Valley Road. MCM InfoSheet #5: Heritage Impact Assessments and Conservation Plans (MCM 2006d:3) provides a list of potential negative impacts (for evaluating against any proposed development impacts) which can be classified as either direct or indirect. Direct impacts (those that physically affect the heritage resources themselves) include, but are not limited to initial project staging, excavation/levelling operations, construction of access roads and renovations or repairs over the life of the project. These direct impacts may destroy some or all significant heritage attributes or may alter soils and drainage patterns and adversely impact unknown archaeological resources. Indirect impacts include but are not limited to alterations that are not compatible with the historic fabric and appearance of the area; alterations that detract from the cultural heritage values, attributes, character or visual context of a heritage resource. This could include the construction of new buildings; the creation of shadows that alter the appearance of an identified heritage attribute; the isolation of a heritage attribute from its surrounding environment; the obstruction of significant views and vistas; and other less -tangible impacts. Of direct relevance to Hidden Valley Road, this project entails the construction of new land use sectors and roads together with the realignment of existing ones, along with other proposed development. There are currently no development plans for the proposed development lands that would aid in the identification of project impacts. Potential impacts and mitigation options related to the project will be discussed at a high level. An assessment of impacts on Hidden Valley Road can be evaluated using the negative impacts presented in InfoSheet #5: Heritage Impact Assessments and Conservation Plans (MCM 2006c). The impacts are examined below in Table 5. Table 5: Impact Evaluation of Proposed Site Alteration (Adapted from MCM 2006c:3) Type of Negative Impact Applicable? Comments The proposed development includes the realignment of portions of Hidden Valley Road and the Destruction of any, or part of any, Y incorporation of a portion of the road into the River significant heritage attributes. Road extension.. The vegetation along the shoulders, including mature trees and shrubs may be removed due to the proposed development. Alterations to a property that detract from the cultural heritage values, The proposed new development introduces medium attributes, character or visual context of to large scale structures, a commercial business a heritage resource; such as the park at the northern and southern intersections of construction of new buildings that are Y Hidden Valley Road and Wabanaki Drive and incompatible in scale, massing, additional low rise residential — large lot. These materials, height, building orientation or changes would alter the overall natural and open location relative to the heritage landscape of the area along the looped road. resource. Shadows created that alter the The proposed site alteration will not create any appearance of a heritage attribute or N shadows that would alter the appearance of a change the viability of a natural feature heritage attribute. or plantings, such as a garden. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 38 Type of Negative Impact Applicable? Comments The character of the road would be altered. Isolation of a heritage attribute from its Proposed development of potential high, medium surrounding environment, context or Y and low rise residential — large lot and potential significant relationship. community/institutional uses of lands will isolate portions of the corridor from the natural and open landsca e. The proposal for the addition of new medium and high-rise buildings in the Master Plan towards and Direct or indirect obstruction of around Fairway Road and Wabanaki Drive will result significant views or vistas within, from, Y in direct obstruction of views to the agricultural fields or of built and natural features. in the northern section of the road. Low rise residential — large lot development and potential community and institutional uses in other portions of the corridor also may obstruct views. A change in land use such as rezoning a battlefield from open space to The portion of the Hidden Valley Road in the north residential use, allowing new N will become part of the River Road extension. As development or site alteration to fill in such, this portion will remain a road. the formerly open spaces. The proposed alterations include the realignment of the Hidden Valley Road. As Hidden Valley Road follows its historic alignment, this activity may create land disturbance which may adversely affect unknown archaeological resources. ARA has Land disturbances such as a change in conducted a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment as grade that alters soils, and drainage part of the Class Environmental Assessment and patterns that adversely affect an Y Preliminary Design for Upper Hidden Valley Sanitary archaeological resource. Pumping Station and Forcemain. ARA determined there are areas of archaeological potential that require a Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment and as such, an archaeological assessment is required prior to alterations to Hidden Valley Road as alterations could impact unidentified archaeological sites. 10.1 Impact Summary As Table 5 summarizes, the proposed Master Plan will have impact on the heritage attributes of Hidden Valley Road as defined by MCM InfoSheet #5: Heritage Impact Assessments and Conservation Plans (2006b). The potential impacts include: • Impact 1 — The proposed development includes the realignment of Hidden Valley Road. This would result in an alteration of the road. • Impact 2 — Construction of low, medium and high-rise buildings, commercial/business park, potential community and institutional development may remove vegetation along the shoulders, including mature trees and shrubs. • Impact 3 - The new development introduces medium to large scale structures along the northern and southern intersections of Hidden Valley Road and Wabanaki Drive; and low rise residential — large lot and potential community and institutional development in the eastern and southern portions of Hidden Valley Road. These changes would alter the overall natural and open landscape of the area along the looped road. • Impact 4 - Proposed development of low, medium and high-rise buildings, commercial/ business park and potential community and institutional uses may isolate portions of the corridor from the natural and open landscape. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 39 • Impact 5 - Views to the agricultural fields may be directly obstructed in some sections of Hidden Valley Road due to proposed development May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 40 11.0 "HERITAGE CORRIDOR" BOUNDARIES Section 8.1 and 8.2 above provide the evaluation of Hidden Valley Road for potential CHVI. It was determined that it has value and a Statement of CHVI and a list of heritage attributes is provided. The value for Hidden Valley Road is associated with the full looped road. In various sources Hidden Valley Road has been considered as having potential cultural heritage value or interest and that it may be considered a cultural heritage resource (City of Kitchener Official Plan), a CHL (City of Kitchener CHL study 2014), and a potential "Heritage Corridor" (Master Plan 2019; Hidden Valley Community Heritage Impact Assessment & Corridor Enhancement Plan Terms of Reference 2022). These different sources provide different maps or descriptions of Hidden Valley Road as a potential cultural heritage resource. Outlined below is a discussion of the potential for Hidden Valley Road to be considered a "Heritage Corridor" and alternative lengths are suggested. ARA proposes an alternative segment of Hidden Valley Road that could be considered the "Heritage Corridor'. 11.1 Entire Hidden Valley Road The City of Kitchener CHL (2014) study identified Hidden Valley Road as a CHL (L -RD -4) and the data sheet contains a map of the CHL with its extent being the entire looped road. The City of Kitchener Official Plan identifies Hidden Valley Road as one of several streets having cultural heritage value or interest to be considered a cultural heritage resource (2014:13-16). Both of these sources indicate the road in its entirety is to be considered a CHL or a cultural heritage resource (not mentioning specifically a CHL) (Map 8). ARA has evaluated Hidden Valley Road against O. Reg. 9/06 and it has been found to have CHVI, and as such, the entire Hidden Valley Road in its current configuration could be designated a "Heritage Corridor" in the Official Plan as it has heritage attributes that are found along the entire length of the current road. However, as noted in the Master Plan and the Hidden Valley Community Heritage Impact Assessment & Corridor Enhancement Plan Terms of Reference, a portion of Hidden Valley Road is to be realigned and to become part of the River Road extension, this portion will no longer be part of Hidden Valley Road. 11.2 Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" The Master Plan and the Hidden Valley Community Heritage Impact Assessment & Corridor Enhancement Plan Terms of Reference both identify a specific portion of Hidden Valley Road as a potential "Heritage Corridor'. Specifically, within the Master Plan (2019:9) the proposed "Heritage Corridor' is depicted as starting where the road curves to the south along the eastern stretch and runs until just south of Hidden Valley East Creek. In the Hidden Valley Community Heritage Impact Assessment & Corridor Enhancement Plan Terms of Reference it states: The portion of Hidden Valley Road from just south of Hidden Valley Creek to the location of the start of the new River Road access to Highway 8 is the only portion of the road that would be considered a CHL (2022:2). This portion of Hidden Valley Road is depicted in Map 9. Based on the evaluation of Hidden Valley Road and the determination that it meets criteria under the OHA O. Reg. 9/06, ARA confirms that this portion of Hidden Valley Road could be designated in the Official Plan as a "Heritage Corridor'. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 41 11.3 ARA Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" The entire looped Hidden Valley Road meets the criteria to be designated a "Heritage Corridor' as determined in Section 8.1. River Road is to be extended in the future, and a portion of Hidden Valley Road is to be realigned and become part of the River Road extension. As such, Hidden Valley Road will be shorter in length. ARA proposes it would be preferrable that a larger segment than is currently proposed in the Hidden Valley Community Heritage Impact Assessment & Corridor Enhancement Plan Terms of Reference be designated as a "Heritage Corridor' in the Official Plan. ARA recommends the majority of the remaining portion of Hidden Valley Road be considered for designation in the Official Plan as a "Heritage Corridor'. The "Heritage Corridor" would begin at the start of the new River Road access to Highway 8 south and then west through to the intersection of Hidden Valley Road and River Valley Drive (Map 10). 11.4 Summary of "Heritage Corridor" Boundaries Hidden Valley Road in its entirety as well as the original proposed "Heritage Corridor", from just south of Hidden Valley Creek to the location of the start of the new River Road access to Highway 8, was evaluated and has been determined to have met OHA criteria. As such, the entire road or a portion of it may be designated as a "Heritage Corridor' in the Official Plan. Three alternatives have been considered above as potential Hidden Valley Road Heritage Corridors; ARA proposes a length for the "Heritage Corridor' that would contain a larger portion of the remaining road be considered(Map 10).. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 42 12.0 MITIGATION MEASURES Given that potential impacts have been identified, mitigation measures must be recommended. The MCM's Info Sheet #5. Heritage Impact Assessments and Conservation Plans (2006c:4) lists several specific methods of minimizing or avoiding negative impacts on a cultural heritage resource. Some of the methods to minimize negative impacts on a cultural heritage resource include integrating design elements through massing, setback, and materials, and adding buffer zones (i.e., vegetative screening). Therefore, general mitigation measures which align with conservation principles and heritage best practices are provided below. 12.1 Design Considerations (Impact 3) The proposed land uses/development outlined in the Master Plan towards and around Fairway Road and Wabanaki Drive proposed subdivision are to include commercial and business park, low rise residential and potential community/institutional uses. Given these proposed activities will be adjacent to the remaining Hidden Valley Road and community, it is recommended that the physical design of any proposed structures should not detract from the character of the area. Any new structures for the new development should be sympathetic to the surrounding area and minimize impacts through appropriate height, massing and architecture style. These design considerations could be incorporated into Official Plan policies that are to be developed for the Hidden Valley Secondary Plan. 12.2 Landscape Plan (Impacts 2 - 4 and 5) The proposed developments may remove vegetation along the shoulders, including mature trees and shrubs. A Landscape Plan to address potential vegetation removal or enhancement would assist with reducing the visual impact of the development activities particularly in areas where significant views have been identified (see Map 11). The Landscape Plan could address: 1) protecting existing significant roadside vegetation, 2) areas appropriate for enhancing vegetative screening and 3) recommendations for replanting. A Landscape Plan with policies to protect, enhance and/or replant vegetation could be incorporated into, or appended to the Secondary Plan. 12.3 Protection as a "Heritage Corridor" (Impacts 1, 3 and 5) If some or all of Hidden Valley Road is designated as a "Heritage Corridor" in the Official Plan there will be many opportunities to reduce impacts to the cultural heritage value and the heritage attributes identified with the road. Protection as a "heritage corridor' directs the City to use Secondary Plans to maintain the overall visual character of such streets and their functional operation (City of Kitchener 2014:13-14). As such, the Secondary Plan should include policies to protect the heritage attributes and views, including at minimum guidance for protection or enhancement of roadside vegetation (see Section 12.2) and requirement for Heritage Impact Assessments for development adjacent to the Heritage Corridor. 12.4 Corridor Enhancement Plan (Impacts 1, 3 and 5) A Corridor Enhancement Plan, as suggested in the Hidden Valley Community Heritage Impact Assessment & Corridor Enhancement Plan Terms of Reference (2022) could be developed to reduce impacts to the SCHV. The Corridor Enhancement Plan could address protecting, enhancing and providing screening with vegetation along the corridor as identified in Section 12.2. The RFP further notes that this Corridor Enhancement Plan should include "preservation of May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 43 grades and road profiles and establishing direction for future public works, maintenance and improvements". Another recommendation may include seeking opportunities to interpret some of the identified cultural heritage resources associated with the Cultural Heritage Landscapes (i.e., with plaques, public art) which could be installed in publicly accessible lands. These could be also be addressed through the Landscape Plan. 13.0 SUMMARY AND CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS Hidden Valley Road runs in an irregular, semi -circular loop through the Hidden Valley community in the City of Kitchener. It is a tertiary road that connects the community to the adjacent areas through Wabanaki Drive on the north as well as south. The evaluation against O. Reg 9/06 of the road found the whole of Hidden Valley Road meets the criteria and as such, any portion of the road may be designated as a "Heritage Corridor' in the Official Plan. The Master Plan project entails the construction of new land use sectors and roads together with the realignment/truncating of existing ones, along with other proposed development. There are currently no development plans for the proposed development lands that would aid in the identification of project impacts. Potential impacts and mitigation options related to the project were discussed at a high level. As a result of this HIA, the following is recommended: That a portion of Hidden Valley Road be designated as a "Heritage Corridor" in the Official Plan as it meets the OHA O. Reg. 9/06 (amended by 569/22) criteria. ARA recommends that the portion of Hidden Valley Road running from the start of the new River Road access to Highway 8 south and then west through to the intersection of Hidden Valley Road and River Valley Drive be considered for designation (Map 10); That if City of Kitchener chooses to designate as above or a smaller portion of Hidden Valley Road, a Corridor Enhancement Plan could be developed that would be attached to the Secondary Plan along with this HIA. Other options include policies within the Official Plan and recommendations within a Landscape Plan. Along with the "Heritage Corridor" and potentially a Corridor Enhancement Plan, the following conservation/mitigation strategies are suggested moving forward: That design considerations are developed to ensure the physical design of any proposed structures should not detract from the character of the area. Any new structures should be sympathetic to the surrounding area and minimize impacts through appropriate height, massing and architecture style. Policies addressing these considerations could be incorporated into Official Plan policies for Hidden Valley Secondary Plan; A Landscape Plan be developed that could address potential vegetation removal, enhancement and replanting would assist with reducing the visual impact of the development activities. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 44 14.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES Archaeological Research Associates (ARA) 2020 Cultural Heritage Assessment Report, Class Environmental Assessment and Preliminary Design for Upper Hidden Valley Sanitary Pumping Station and Forcemain, City of Kitchener, Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Lots 51 and 53, German Company Tract & Bechtels Tract, Geographic Township of Waterloo, Former Waterloo County. Archives of Ontario (AO) 2022 Archives of Ontario: Accessing our Collections. Accessed online at: http://www. archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/our collection.aspx. Benjamin, L. and J. Berge 2012 Journey Through German Mills in Waterloo Historical Society Annual Volume. Bloomfield, E. 2006 Waterloo Township Through Two Centuries. Kitchener: Waterloo Historical Society. Brook Mcllory Planning + Urban Design Inc. (BMP) 2011 Scenic Roads and Special Character Streets. Resource Document. Accessed online at: https://www. regionofwaterloo. ca/en/exploring-the-region/resources/Documents/Scenic- Roads-and-Special-Character-Streets-Resource-document-access. pdf. City of Kitchener 2014 Cultural Heritage Landscape Study. Accessed online at: https://www.kitchener.ca/en/resourcesGeneral/Documents/DSD PLAN CHL Study Re orp t. pdf. 2019 Hidden Valley Land Use Master Plan. Accessed online at: https://www.kitchener.ca/en/resourcesGeneral/Documents/DSD PLAN Hidden Valley Land Use Master Plan.pdf. 2022 Hidden Valley Community Heritage Impact Assessment & Corridor Enhancement Plan Terms of Reference. Planning Division Coyne, J. H. 1895 The Country of the Neutrals (As Far as Comprised in the County of Elgin): From Champlain to Talbot. St. Thomas: Times Print. Cumming, R. (ed.) 1972 Historical Atlas of the County of Wellington, Ontario. Reprint of 1906 Edition. Toronto: Historical Atlas Publishing Co. Ellis, C.J. and N. Ferris (eds.) 1990 The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650. Occasional Publication of the London Chapter, OAS Number 5. London: Ontario Archaeological Society Inc. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 45 Government of Ontario 2006 Ontario Regulation 9/06 made underthe Ontario Heritage Act. Accessed online at: www.e- laws.gov.on.ca/html/reqs/english/elaws reqs 060009 e.htm. 2009 Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. 0.18. Accessed online at: www. e- laws.gov.on.ca/ html/statutes/english/elaws statutes 90o18 e.htm. 2022 Parks Canada Directory of Federal Heritage Designations. Accessed online at: https://www. pc.gc. ca/apps/dfhd/results- resultats eng.aspx?p=1&m=10&g=&desCheck=NHS&desCheck= EVE NT&desCheck=P ERSON&desCheck=HRS&desCheck=F H BRO&desCheck=H L&c=Brampton&ctI00%24 Main%24PageSearch1%24ddlProvince=&dev=&ctI00%24Main%24PageSearch1 %24dd ICustodian=. Grand River Conservation Authority (GRCA) 2023 Heritage River Plaques. Accessed online at: https://www.grandriver.ca/en/our- watershed/Heritage-River-Plagues.aspx. Hayes, G. 1997 Waterloo County: An Illustrated History. Kitchener: Waterloo Historical Society. Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (HSMBC). H. Parsell & Co. 1881 Illustrated Historical Atlas of Waterloo County. Toronto: H. Parsell & Co. Janusas, S. 1988 Archaeological Perspective of a Historic Overview of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo. Regional Municipality of Waterloo Planning and Development Department, Waterloo. Lajeunesse, E.J. 1960 The Windsor Border Region: Canada's Southernmost Frontier. Toronto: The Champlain Society. McGill University (MU) 2001 The Canadian County Atlas Digital Project. Accessed online at: http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/countyatlas/default.htm. Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism (MCM) 1992 Guideline for Preparing the Cultural Heritage Resource Component of Environmental Assessments. 2006a Ontario Heritage Toolkit Series. Toronto: Ministry of Culture. 2006b Heritage Property Evaluation: A Guide to Listing, Researching and Evaluating Cultural Heritage Property in Ontario Communities. Ontario Heritage Tool Kit Series. Toronto: Ministry of Culture. 2006c Heritage Resources in the Land Use Planning Process. Ontario Heritage Tool Kit Series. Toronto: Ministry of Culture. 2007 Eight Guiding Principles in the Conservation of Built Heritage Properties. Accessed online at: https://www.ontario.ca/page/eight-quiding-principles-conservation-built-heritage- properties 2010 Standards & Guidelines for Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties. 2019 List of Heritage Conservation Districts. Accessed online at: www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/ heritage/heritage conserving list.shtml. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 46 Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (MMAH) 2020 Provincial Policy Statement. Toronto: Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing. Munson, M.K. and S.M. Jamieson (eds.) 2013 Before Ontario: The Archaeology of a Province. Kingston: McGill -Queen's University Press. Ontario Council of University Libraries (OCUL) 2023 Historical Topographic Map Digitization Project. Access online at: https:Hocul. on. ca/topomaps/. Ontario Historical County Maps Project (OHCMP) 2019 Ontario Historical County Maps Project. Accessed online at: http:Hmaps.library.utoronto.ca/hgis/countymaps/maps.html. Ontario Heritage Trust (OHT) 2021 Ontario Heritage Plaque Guide. Accessed online at: www.heritagetrust.on.ca/en/ index.php /online-plaque-quide. Parks Canada 2022 Directory of Federal Heritage Designations. Accessed online at: https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/search-recherche eng.aspx. 2010 Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada 2nd Edition. Accessed online at: www.historicplaces.ca/media/18072/81468-parks-s+g-eng- web2. pdf. Region of Waterloo 2013 Regional Implementation Guideline for Cultural Heritage Conservation. Accessed online: https://www. regionofwaterloo. ca/en/exploring-the- region/resources/Documents/Final Implementation Guideline for CHL Conservation - access. pdf. 2018 Regional Implementation Guideline for Conserving Regionally Significant Cultural Heritage Resources. Accessed online at: https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/en/exploring- the- region/resources/Documents/Implementation Guideline for Conserving RSCHR.pdf. 2022 Regional Official Plan. Accessed online at: https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/en/doing- business/Regional Official Plan.aspx. Smith, WH. 1846 Smith's Canadian Gazetteer. Comprising Statistical and General Information Respecting all Parts of the Upper Province, or Canada West. Toronto: H. & W Rowsell. Surtees, R.J. 1994 Land Cessions, 1763-1830. In Aboriginal Ontario: Historical Perspectives on the First Nations, edited by E.S. Rogers and D.B. Smith, pp. 92-121. Toronto: Dundurn Press. Sutherland, J. 1864 County of Waterloo Gazetteer and General Business Directory for 1864. Toronto: Mitchell & Co. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 47 University of Waterloo (UW) 2021 Geospatial Centre Accessed online at: https:Huwaterloo. ca/library/geospatial/collections/aerial-photographs-satellite-and- orthoimagery. Warrick, G. 2000 The Precontact Iroquoian Occupation of Southern Ontario. Journal of World Prehistory 14(4):415-456. Wright, J.V. 1972 Ontario Prehistory. An Eleven -Thousand -Year Archaeological Outline. Archaeological Survey of Canada, National Museum of Man. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener Appendix A: Maps and Images of Hidden Valley Road W. Map 7: Hidden Valley Road Study Area with Photo Locations (Produced under licence using ArcGIS® software by Esri, © Esri) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 All 3 K1Nc �. ��P .. r �i. '. 1 k �', M �i'♦i �IiM11.4 LL '� A1 h ! t � •.-IeM+fr� R _ sr X.w�i+ 3� ate, A' i T4 14 16 4.7 %.",� �"=1��, ff r. � 1. -. Na s r - i ` ti ' ! � � � h.• _ y.� r � .:` .� ?R ♦ Study Area Hidden Valley Road CHL Askwml /� � Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" N 1:10,400 QImage Location a 200 4 D information licensed under the Open Go"ernmeni Licence -Ontario seaMap Source: Region of Waterloo (202�� Map 7: Hidden Valley Road Study Area with Photo Locations (Produced under licence using ArcGIS® software by Esri, © Esri) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener f: 6. ;T 7 ti Y � .' L ..r • I NMI a AL i r Study Area ® Hidden Valley Road CHL Al mild ;A1 1111111111114 i I,►� ARA N 7:10,000 0 200 400m oseeins Mu c:Rrcensea amlor (open aovemmem❑cense-Ontario 3ase dap Spuvice', ReA�pa of WaEerfoo 17420) Map 8: Hidden Valley Road CHL (Produced under licence using ArcGIS® software by Esri, © Esri) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener Axa I i': 'RaT"a F r e, +g{ v f t�' = Study Area Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" A%6vA" 1,10,000N 0 200 400m ' Information ficensetl untler[he Open Goaernmeni Licence-Oniarie Map Spueea: Region of Wabrlco [2020) Map 9: Hidden Valley Road Proposed "Heritage Corridor" (Produced under licence using ArcGIS® software by Esri, © Esri) 50 May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 51 Study Area ARA Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" I A%6vA" 1,10,000N 0 200 400m Information ficensetl untler [he Open Go�ernmen� Licence-Oniarie 3ase Map Spueca: Region of Wabrlco [2020) Map 10: ARA Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" (Produced under licence using ArcGIS® software by Esri, © Esri) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 52 = Study Area ARA Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" ySignificant Views 6-7Ate► N 110,000 0 200 400m M. pnisInfirmalim icantler Me Dpan Cmve�mm�n[Branca-Ontaeip se Map Sa--Region-. pt WakMpp [2020 Map 11: ARA Proposed Hidden Valley Road "Heritage Corridor" with Significant Views (Produced under licence using ArcGIS® software by Esri, © Esri) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener Image 10: View of the north Intersection of Hidden Valley Road and Wabanaki Drive (Photo taken on November 9, 2022; Facing South) Image 11: View of North Portion of Hidden Valley Road (Photo taken on November 9, 2022; Facing East) 53 May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener Image 12: View of Estimated Location of Realignment of Hidden Valley Road to River Road (Photo taken on November 9, 2022; Facing Northwest) Image 13: View of Hidden Valley Road Proposed as a "Heritage Corridor" (Photo taken on November 9, 2022; Facing South) 54 May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener Image 14: View of Hidden Valley Creek (Photo taken on November 9, 2022; Facing Southeast) May 2023 HR -210-2020 Image 15: View of South Portion of Hidden Valley Road (Photo taken on November 9, 2022; Facing West) 55 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener Image 16: View of Walking Trails Adjacent to Hidden Valley Road (Photo taken on November 9, 2022; Facing North) Image 17: View of Agricultural Fields and Forested Area Adjacent to Hidden Valley Road (Photo taken on November 9, 2022; Facing North) May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener Image 18: View of the South Intersection of Hidden Valley Road and Wabanki Drive (Photo taken on November 9, 2022; Facing West) 57 May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 58 Appendix B: Team Member Curriculum Vitae Kayla Jonas Galvin, MA, RPP, MCIP, CAHP Heritage Operations Manager ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATES LTD. 1 King Street West, Stoney Creek, L8G 1G7 Phone: (519) 804-2291 x120 Fax: (519) 286-0493 Email: kayla.ionasgalvin(a�araheritage.ca Web: araheritage.ca Biography Kayla Jonas Galvin, Archaeological Research Associates Ltd.'s Heritage Operations Manager, has extensive experience evaluating cultural heritage resources and landscapes for private and public -sector clients to fulfil the requirements of provincial and municipal legislation such as the Environmental Assessment Act, the Standards & Guidelines for the Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties and municipal Official Plans. She served as Team Lead on the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport Historic Places Initiative, which drafted over 850 Statements of Significance and for Heritage Districts Work!, a study of 64 heritage conservation districts in Ontario. Kayla was an editor of Arch, Truss and Beam: The Grand River Watershed Heritage Bridge Inventory and has worked on Municipal Heritage Registers in several municipalities. Kayla has drafted over 150 designation reports and by-laws for the City of Kingston, the City of Burlington, the Town of Newmarket, Municipality of Chatham -Kent, City of Brampton and the Township of Whitchurch-Stouffville. Kayla is the Heritage Team Lead for ARA's roster assignments for Infrastructure Ontario and oversees evaluation of properties according to Standards & Guidelines for the Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties. Kayla is a Registered Professional Planner (RPP), a Member of the Canadian Institute of Planners (MCIP), is a professional member of the Canadian Association of Heritage Professionals (CAHP) and sits on the board of the Ontario Association of Heritage Professionals. Education 2016 MA in Planning, University of Waterloo. Thesis Topic: Goderich —A Case Study of Conserving Cultural Heritage Resources in a Disaster. 2003-2008 Honours BES University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario. Joint Major: Environment and Resource Studies and Anthropology. Professional Memberships and Accreditations Professional Memberships and Accreditations Current Professional Member, Canadian Association of Heritage Professionals (CAHP) Current Member of the Canadian Institute of Planners (MCIP). Current Registered Professional Planner (RPP). Current Board Member, Ontario Association of Heritage Professionals. Work Experience 2013—Current Heritage Operations Manager, Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. Oversees business development for the Heritage Department, coordinates completion of designation by-laws, Heritage Impact Assessments, Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscape Assessments, and Cultural Heritage Resource Evaluations. 2009-2013 Heritage Planner, Heritage Resources Centre, University of Waterloo Coordinated the completion of various contracts associated with built heritage including responding to grants, RFPs and initiating service proposals. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 59 2008-2009 Project Coordinator—Heritage Conservation District Study, ACO Coordinated the field research and authored reports for the study of 32 Heritage Conservation Districts in Ontario. Managed the efforts of over 84 volunteers, four staff and municipal planners from 23 communities. 2007-2008 Team Lead, Historic Place Initiative, Ministry of Culture Liaised with Ministry of Culture Staff, Centre's Director and municipal heritage staff to draft over 850 Statements of Significance for properties to be nominated to the Canadian Register of Historic Places. Managed a team of four people. Selected Professional Development 2021 "Workshop on recent changes in the Ontario planning legislation: what all heritage advocates need to know", webinar, hosted by the Architectural Conservancy of Ontario, with reps from MMAH. 2019 2019 OPPI and WeirFoulds Client Seminar: Bill 108 — More Homes, More Choice, 2019 2019 Annual attendance at Ontario Heritage Conference, Goderich, ON (Two -days) 2019 Information Session: Proposed Amendments to the OHA, by Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism. 2018 Indigenous Canada, University of Alberta. 2017 Empowering Indigenous Voices in Impact Assessments, Webinar, International Association for Impact Assessments. 2017 Capitalizing on Heritage, National Trust Conference, Ottawa. 2016 Heritage Rising, National Trust Conference, Hamilton. 2016 Ontario Heritage Conference St. Marys and Stratford. 2015 Introduction to Blacksmithing, One -Day. Selected Publications 2018 "Conserving Cultural Heritage Landscapes in Waterloo: An Innovative Approach." Ontario Association of Heritage Professionals Newsletter, Winter 2018. 2018 "Restoring Pioneer Cemeteries" Ontario Association of Heritage Professionals Newsletter. Spring 2018. 2015 "Written in Stone: Cemeteries as Heritage Resources." Municipal World, September 2015. 2015 "Bringing History to Life." Municipal World, February 2015, pages 11-12. 2014 "Inventorying our History." Ontario Planning Journal, January/February 2015. 2014 "Mad about Modernism." Municipal World, September 2014. 2014 "Assessing the success of Heritage Conservation Districts: Insights from Ontario Canada." with R. Shipley and J. Kovacs. Cities. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 60 Penny M. Young, MA, CAHP (#P092) Heritage Project Manager ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATES LTD. 1 King Street West, Stoney Creek, L8G 1 G7 Phone: (519) 804-2291 x121 Email: Pen ny.younq(a)araheritage.ca Web: araheritage.ca Biography Penny Young has 30 years of cultural heritage management experience, 21 years working in government, where she managed and coordinated the impacts to cultural heritage resources including heritage buildings, bridges, archaeological sites and cultural heritage landscapes for compliance with municipal, provincial and federal legislation and policy. Penny Young is listed a Heritage Specialist on the Ministry of Transportation Ontario's Registry, Appraisal and Qualification System (RAQS). Penny has considerable experience conducting and directing cultural heritage resource work according to the Ontario Heritage Toolkit series, the Standards and Guidelines for Provincial Heritage Properties, MTO Environmental Reference for Highway Design - Section 3.7 Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscapes and MTO Environmental Guide for Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscapes. She is a professional member of the Canadian Association of Heritage Professionals and holds a Professional Licence (archaeology) #P092 from the MCM. She also holds memberships in the Ontario Professional Planners Institute, Canadian Association of Heritage Professionals, Ontario Association of Impact Assessment, and the Ontario Archaeological Society. Education 1990-1993 Master of Arts, Department of Anthropology McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario. Specializing in Mesoamerican and Ontario archaeology. 1983-1987 Honours Bachelor of Arts (English and Anthropology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. Professional Memberships and Accreditations Current Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism Professional Licence (archaeology) (#P092). Current Professional Member, Canadian Association of Heritage Professionals (CAHP). Current Member, Ontario Archaeological Society (OAS). Current Member, Ontario Association of Impact Assessment (OAIA). Current Pre -Candidate Member of the Ontario Professional Planners Institute (OPPI). Current RAQS registered with MTO. Work Experience Current Heritage Project Manager, Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. Coordinates ARA project teams and conducts heritage assessment projects including Heritage Impact Assessments, Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscape Assessments, and Cultural Heritage Resource Evaluations. Additional responsibilities include the completion of designation by-laws and heritage inventories. Liaises with municipal staff, provincial ministries and Indigenous communities to solicit relevant project information and to build relationships. 2008-2016 Heritage Planner, Culture Services Unit, Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism. Responsible for advising and providing technical review for management of cultural heritage resources in environmental assessment undertakings and planning projects affecting provincial ministries, municipalities, private sector proponents and Indigenous communities. Advised on municipalities' Official Plan May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 61 (OP) policies cultural heritage conservation policies. Provided guidance on compliance with the Public Work Class EA, other Class EA legislation and 2010 Standards and Guidelines for Provincial Heritage Properties. 2014 Senior Heritage Planner, Planning and Building Department, City of Burlington (temporary assignment) Project manager of the study for a potential Heritage Conservation District. Provided guidance to a multiple company consultant team and reported to municipal staff and the public. Liaised with Municipal Heritage Committee and municipal heritage property owners approved heritage permits and provided direction on Indigenous engagement, archaeological site assessments and proposed development projects. 2011 Heritage Coordinator, Building, Planning and Design Department, City of Brampton (temporary assignment) Project lead for new Heritage Conservation District Study. The assignment included directing consultants, managing budgets, organizing a Public Information Session, and reporting to Senior Management and Council. Reviewed development/planning documents for impacts to heritage including OP policies, OP Amendments, Plans of subdivision and Committee of Adjustment applications and Municipal Class EA undertakings. 2010-2011 Senior Heritage Coordinator, Culture Division, City of Mississauga Provided advice to Senior Management and Municipal Council on heritage conservation of built heritage, archaeological sites and cultural heritage landscapes. Liaised with multiple municipal staff including the Clerks' office, Parks and development planners and the public. Supervised and directed project work for junior heritage planner. 1999-2008 Regional Archaeologist, Planning and Environmental Section, Ministry of Transportation Responsibilities included: project management and coordination of MTO archaeology and heritage program, managed multiple consultants, conducted and coordinated field assessments, surveys and excavations, liaised with First Nations' communities and Band Councils, estimated budgets including $200,000 retainer contracts. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 62 L. Renee Hendricks, M.A. Cultural Heritage Technician ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATES LTD. 219 — 900 Guelph Street, Kitchener, ON N2H 5Z6 Phone: (705) 977 3099 Fax: (519) 286-0493 Email: renee.hendricks(a�araheritage.ca Web: araheritage.ca Biography L. Renee Hendricks joined ARA's heritage team in 2022 as a researcher and technical writer. Prior to joining ARA Renee worked on research for archaeology and heritage reports at Parslow Heritage Consultancy. Renee holds an archaeological applied research license (R1229) issued by the Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism. Renee has worked on numerous heritage projects across Ontario and her role consists of researching land records, archival materials, and other historic documents related to heritage resources and complete the technical writing for heritage assessments in both urban and rural areas. Renee is familiar with Ontario's Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists, as well as the Ontario Heritage Act, the Ontario Heritage Toolkit, and the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places. She also holds a Master of Arts degree in Anthropology from Trent University in 2018, which added to her Bachelor of Arts degree, also in Anthropology, from Texas State University (2008). Education 2018 MA in Anthropology, School of Anthropology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario. 2008 BA, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas Anthropology (Major) and History (Minor). Professional Memberships and Accreditations Current Archaeological Research License #R1229, MCM. Current Member, Ontario Archaeological Society. Current Member, Canadian Archaeological Association. Current Member, Society for Historical Archaeology. Work Experience Current Researcher and Technical Writer, Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. Assists in the drafting of proposals and reports related to Heritage Impact Assessments, Built Heritage Resources, Cultural Heritage Resource Evaluations, and Cultural Heritage Landscape Assessments, and perform research in order to assist in the evaluation of heritage resources. 2022 Cultural Materials and Resource Specialist, Parslow Heritage Consultancy, Inc. Assisted PHC's Cultural Heritage Division with general and archival research, the drafting of reports, and property documentation, as well as assisted the Archaeological Division with report drafting and artifact identification. 2020-2022 Senior Field Technician, Parslow Heritage Consultancy Inc. Worked as a field technician on numerous Pre and Post -Contact sites on Stage 1 through 4 Archaeological Assessments, served as acting field director as necessary, developed artifact procession and analysis forms for labwork, processed and catalogued historic artifacts and assisted in the completion of archaeological reports for MTCS. 2019 Field Technician, ASI, Inc. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 63 Worked as field technician on numerous Pre and Post -Contact sites for various clients. Conducted archaeological assessments and mitigation work (Stages 2 through 4) and served as an acting field director on a Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey. 2019 Field Technician, Patterson Group. Worked as a field technician on a job for Parks Canada, under Federal jurisdiction, developing an understanding of Federal guidelines for archaeology. Worked closely with archaeological monitors from Caldwell and Walpole First Nations as part of a team. 2019 Field Director, AS&G Archaeological Consulting. Responsible for overseeing and supervising Stage 1 through 4 Archaeological Assessments, taking field notes and photographs, documenting site conditions, and ensuring that all work met the MCM's Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. 2016-2019 Field Technician, AS&G Archaeological Consulting. Excavated and documented numerous Pre and Post -Contact archaeological sites, Stages 1 through 4, documented site conditions, participated in Indigenous engagement through monitoring partnerships, conducted extensive archival work for Stage 1 assessments, and identified and catalogued mostly historic artifacts for reports. Select Relevant Projects Cultural Heritaae Evaluations 2022 68 College Street, City of Toronto. Client: Infrastructure Ontario. 2022 Ranger Lake Forward Attack Base, Sault Ste. Marie. Client: Infrastructure Ontario 2022 George Harvey Collegiate Institute, City of Toronto. Client: Toronto Lands Corp. 2022 965 Gartshore Road, Township of Centre Wellington. Client: R.J. Burnside & Assoc. 2022 1069 St. ClairAvenue West, City of Toronto. Client: 2162049 Ontario Inc. 2022 465 D'Arcy Street, Town of Newmarket. Client: Laurie Mountford. 2022 170 Roehampton Avenue, City of Toronto. Client: Capital Developments. 2022 328 Main Street, Town of New Dundee. Client: R.V. Anderson, Ltd. Heritaae Impact Assessments 2022 2165 Dundas Street West, Town of Oakville. Client: Schlegel Villages, Inc. 2022 3403 Liberty Street North, Municipality of Clarington. Client: Jayzeee Properties Inc. 2022 297 Church Street, Town of Oakville. Client: Templar Group. 2022 Picton Harbour Lofts, Town of Picton. Client: Bay Hill Developments. 2022 18642 Leslie Street, Township of Bradford -East Gwillimbury. Client: Laxim Investments. 2022 12455 Creditview Road, Town of Caledon. Client: Argo Alloa Corp. 2022 311 Rymal Road, City of Hamilton. Client: Springbrook Associates, Ltd. 2022 164, 168, and 176 Rymal Road East, City of Hamilton. Client: Springbrook Associates, Ltd. Heritage Designation Reports 2022 Elgin Hall, Village of Mount Elgin. Client: Township of Southwest Oxford. Documentation/Salva_ge Reports 2021 1783 — 1785 Bayview Avenue, City of Toronto. Client: Metrolinx. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 64 Sumra Zia, G.D.A.C., B.Arch Cultural Heritage Technician ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATES LTD. 1 King Street West, Stoney Creek, ON L8G 1G7 Phone: (514) 755-9291 x 124 Fax: (519) 286-0493 Email: sum ra.zia(a)araheritage.ca Web: araheritage.ca Biography Sumra Zia, joined the Heritage team at ARA as a Cultural Heritage Technician, and works on heritage impact, assessment, and evaluations. Before joining the heritage team at ARA, Sumra completed a Graduate Diploma in Architectural Conservation from Carleton University in Ottawa. The diploma added to her bachelor's degree in Architecture and Planning from NED University in Pakistan. She has work experience in architecture design, interior design, urban planning, adaptive reuse projects together with working on historic buildings as a conservation specialist. Sumra is well versed with the Ontario Heritage Act, the Ontario Building Code, Ontario Heritage Toolkit and the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places. Sumra has worked with local communities on tangible and intangible issues connected to architectural practices and as a part of her Architectural Conservation degree has completed various case studies on heritage properties in Canada, which range from the Royal Botanical Gardens in Burlington to the Elgin Hotel in Ottawa. She is passionate about studying the effects of global climate change on cultural heritage properties and landscapes and how working with climate change could be beneficial for best conservation practices. Education 2022 Graduate Diploma in Architectural Conservation, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON. 2018 B. Arch in Architecture and Planning, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan. Professional Memberships and Accreditations Current PCATP, Pakistan Council for Architects and Town Planners Current IAP, Institute of Architects Pakistan Work Experience Current Cultural Heritage Technician, Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. Works under the Project Managers on, Heritage Impact Assessments, Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscape Assessments, Cultural Heritage Resource Evaluations, and other cultural heritage services. 2020-2021 Project Architect, Doodling Studio. Coordinated the completion of various architectural projects leading a team of draftsmen, 3D visualizers and architects. Coordinated with clients for interior design and selection of materials and textures. Conducted site surveys in coordination with contractors to follow project schedules and workflow. 2019-2020 Architect, Zeeshan Umair Architects. Prepared excel spreadsheets for bill of quantities for clients and contractors. Coordinated with vendors and distributors for latest and most viable construction technology and materials. Punctually dispatched design proposals consisting of drawings and complete set of details for project execution. 2018-2019 Junior Architect, DAZ Design Studio. Worked alongside the principal architect and interior designer on an urban design and restoration project. Coordinated directly with construction workers to ensure May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287 Heritage Impact Assessment Hidden Valley Road, City of Kitchener 65 adequate and correct implementation of design on site. Prepared working drawings for design execution in line with project deliverables. 2015 Architecture Intern, Habib Fida Ali Architects. Presented design options for a welfare organization office together with a team of senior architects. Explored manual sketching and watercolor mediums for the presentation of ideas, mood boards and final proposals. Delivered hand -made presentations to the board members of the welfare organization for interior space options. Professional Development 2022 AODA Customer Service Standards Training 2022 WHIMIS 2022 ACO Arch styles presentation 2022 ICOMOS University Forum, Just Transitions: Heritage Education for Climate Adaptation, hosted by academic members of the Climate Heritage Network 2022 Hobin Prize in Architecture & City Building awards ceremony 2021 Carleton Workshops 2021 Student well-being 2021 Anti -racism 2021 Research Ethics 2021 Untold Histories - Storytelling through Heritage, webinar by DWG. 2021 Changing the Narrative: Dispelling Homophobia, hosted by Afro-Caribbean Mentorship Program. 2021 DWG +Architectures of Hiding I Indigenous Walks 2021 Ingenious Talks Online: Recording Historic Sites from Home - Developing A Collaborative Learning Approach for Architectural Conservation and Sustainability, hosted by Carleton University, Ottawa. 2021 Demographic Re -Assembly - Online Forum, Ottawa as a case study for how cities respond to demographic shifts and the forces behind them. May 2023 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd HR -210-2020 ARA File #2020-0287