HomeMy WebLinkAboutDSD-2025-133 - 2024 Pivot Net-0 UpdateStaff Report
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Development Services Department www.kitchener.ca
REPORT TO: Committee of the Whole
DATE OF MEETING: May 5, 2025
SUBMITTED BY: Anna Marie Cipriani, Corporate Sustainability Officer 519-783-8970
PREPARED BY: Fionnula Wade, Sustainability Advisor, 519-707-1464
Luke Reesor-Keller, Project Manager Facilities Energy
Management, 519-783-8576
WARD(S) INVOLVED: All Ward(s)
DATE OF REPORT: April 10, 2025
REPORT NO.: DSD -2025-133
SUBJECT: 2024 Pivot Net -0 update
RECOMMENDATION:
For information
REPORT HIGHLIGHTS:
• The three -fold purpose of this report is to provide a progress update on 2016-2024
corporate greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) (Appendix A) and our near-term target of
an 8% greenhouse gas emissions reduction for 2026; update on the 19 annual progress
reporting metrics (Appendix B) and the 47 action items (Appendix C) as identified in
Pivot. Net -Zero
• The key finding of this report is that the City of Kitchener's corporate GHG emissions
have seen a 6% reduction overall from 2016-2024.
• Historical trends alone would predict the City of Kitchener to be on track to meet its
near-term target of 8% GHG reduction from 2016 baseline. Historical trends however
are not predictive. There are two external threats particularly noteworthy — an increase
in carbon intensity of Ontario electricity and a 2025 winter season that likely
demanded more energy for space heating and snow clearing than recent years.
• To make progress on our goals we need to continue to prioritize the 3 pathways of
energy conservation, fuel switching, and generating renewable energy along with
continued advocacy to other levels of government and industry to support these
pathways
• Of the 47 actions listed in Pivot: Net -Zero, 24 (51%) have been completed and/or are
on-going, 14 (30%) are in progress, 8 (17%) have not been started but are on track for
the intended completion date, and 1 (2%) is underway and slightly delayed (Appendix
C).
*** This information is available in accessible formats upon request. ***
Please call 519-741-2345 or TTY 1-866-969-9994 for assistance.
Page 134 of 177
• Community engagement included presentation and discussion with Kitchener's Climate
Change and Environment Advisory Committee in their March and April 2025 committee
meetings.
• This report supports Cultivating a Green City Together: Focuses a sustainable path
to a greener, healthier city; enhancing & protecting parks & natural environment
while transitioning to a low -carbon future; supporting businesses & residents to
make climate -positive choices.
BACKGROUND:
The City of Kitchener has identified a corporate near-term target of achieving an 8%
reduction in corporate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2026 from the baseline year
of 2016; as well as a long-term goal of achieving net -zero by 2050. Achieving net -zero
emissions means cutting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities to as
close to zero as possible, with any remaining emissions being absorbed from the
atmosphere. This is the first progress report on the organization's second -generation
corporate climate action plan called Pivot: Net -Zero (2024-2027); approved by Council on
April 22, 2024 (DSD -2024-074). The three -fold purpose of this report is to:
1. Provide a progress update on 2016-2024 corporate greenhouse gas emissions
(Appendix A) and our near-term target of an 8% greenhouse gas emissions
reduction target for 2026;
2. Provide an update on the 19 annual progress reporting metrics (Appendix B), and;
3. Share progress on the 47 action items (Appendix C), as identified in Pivot: Net -Zero.
This reporting is provided annually in April/May to align closely with Earth Day.
REPORT:
Progress on Corporate GHGs 2016-2024 (Appendix A)
The City of Kitchener corporate GHG emissions have seen a 6% reduction overall from
2016-2024. Significant and sustained GHG reductions are maintained in the Streetlighting
focus area. This is due to the extensive, efficiency -focused LED conversion project
completed in 2017 for the cobra head streetlights, and 2022 for decorative post -top lights.
The City of Kitchener's Facilities and Fleet operations continue to grow. Kitchener is
among the fastest growing communities in Canada and likewise City of Kitchener service
delivery is expanding. As we expand service delivery to the community, we acquire new
assets (e.g. buildings, roads, park, utility infrastructure) that must be maintained. The GHG
reduction from 2023-2024 is in part due to a warmer winter (less demand of energy for
space heating), in addition to efforts to reduce the carbon intensity of our operations. While
Fleet & Equipment has seen an increase in GHG emissions from 2016 baseline levels,
assets have continued to grow on an annual basis as well. In 2022 alone, fleet assets
have increased by approximately 8%, while overall emissions decreased by 3%. This is a
promising trend, that may be indicating a decoupling of Fleet growth and GHG emissions
that can be sustained into the future with the further implementation of Pivot: Net -Zero
actions.
There has been a 2% reduction in corporate GHG emissions annually since 2022. This
has occurred despite growth in our service delivery to the community. If we were to
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extrapolate based on historical data alone, and try to predict the future, one might
conclude that we are on track to reach the near-term target of an 8% reduction by 2026
from the 2016 baseline year. Historical trends however are not predictive.
Several external threats outside of our control threaten our ability to reach our 8% GHG
reduction target by 2026, including increasing carbon intensity of Ontario electricity and
heating degree days.
External Threats to reaching near-term target goal of 8% reduction
Increasing Carbon Intensity of the Ontario Electricity Grid
Ontario's Electricity Grid is known for being "clean," with nearly 90% of electricity coming
from zero emissions sources. Ontario currently has one of the lowest carbon intensity
factors in the world. Between 2016 and 2024, our corporate electricity consumption fell by
10%, however emissions fell by 34%. It is important to note the potential risks and benefits
associated with changes in the carbon intensity of the electricity grid. Such changes are
largely out of our control. Recently, there has been a need for high carbon intense
electricity generation in Ontario that has resulted in increasing emissions factors for
electricity. In 2025, the emissions factor will rise to 38gCO2e/kWh (from 30gCO2e/kWh in
2024), which are anticipated to result in an approximate 4% increase in Facilities
emissions. When we set our corporate baseline year in 2016, the carbon intensity of the
Ontario electricity grid was low. While positive changes to the electricity grid have
benefited the City of Kitchener's emissions in the past, this is not anticipated into the
future.
Anticipated increase in demand for energy in 2025
Heating degree days (HDD) is a way of quantifying energy demand to heat buildings
based on outside temperatures. During colder winters with more heating degree days, it is
anticipated that energy consumption for space heating (i.e., natural gas), and the
associated GHG emissions, would be higher. When looking ahead to our 2025 reporting, it
is probable that there will be an increase in overall corporate GHGs. The first months of
2025 were marked by significant cold weather and heavy snowfall. Energy use for both
space heating in our facilities and fleet utilization associated with winter maintenance
activities is anticipated to be higher than previous years. Despite modest, incremental
emissions reductions to date, we cannot confidently state that these reductions will be
sustained into the future.
Calls to Action
Focussing energies where we can, to make an impact on corporate GHGs is the best way
to protect our organization from external threats and disruptions while building resiliency
towards meeting our long-term net -zero goal. Our capital and operating decision-making
today needs to prioritize deep GHG reductions, similar to the net zero choices that have
been made with the Kitchener Indoor Recreation Complex. We need to prioritize the 3
pathways of energy conservation, fuel switching, and generating renewable energy. Lastly,
continued advocacy to other levels of government and industry to support these pathways
is important.
Page 136 of 177
Corporate Indicators (Appendix B)
Appendix B contains a detailed list of the 19 annual reporting metrics for 2024, including but
not limited to GHG emissions, carbon intensity, costs, and energy usage across corporate,
Fleet and Equipment, and Facilities operations.
Pivot Net -Zero Progress on 47 actions (Appendix C)
Pivot: Net -Zero outlines 47 actions that are foundational to developing a roadmap to align
net -zero actions with multiple priorities across the organization (e.g., deferred maintenance,
asset renewal, capital planning), streamlining the most strategic approach to making
progress on new net -zero target. Of the 47 actions listed in Pivot: Net -Zero, 24 (51 %) have
been completed and/or are on-going, 14 (30%) are in progress, 8 (17%) have not been
started but are on track for the intended completion date, and 1 (2%) is slightly delayed.
STRATEGIC PLAN ALIGNMENT:
This report supports Cultivating a Green City Together: Focuses a sustainable path to
a greener, healthier city; enhancing & protecting parks & natural environment while
transitioning to a low -carbon future; supporting businesses & residents to make
climate -positive choices.
FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS:
None
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT:
INFORM — This report has been posted to the City's website with the agenda in advance of
the council / committee meeting and presented for discussion with Kitchener's Climate
Change and Environment Advisory Committee in March and April 2025 committee
meetings.
PREVIOUS REPORTS/AUTHORITIES:
• DSD -2024-074 CorCAP 2.0 Pivot. Net -0 (April 22, 2024)
APPROVED BY: Justin Readman, General Manager Development Services
Denise McGoldrick, General Manager Infrastructure Services
ATTACHMENTS:
Attachment A Pivot. Net -Zero 2024 Progress Update
Page 137 of 177
CorCAP 2.0 — Pivot: Net -Zero Annual Update (2024)
Table of Contents
1.
Introduction..............................................................................................................4
2.
Corporate GHG Inventory........................................................................................
4
3.
Variations in GHG Intensity......................................................................................6
4.
Strategic Priorities by Focus Area............................................................................
7
4.1. Facilities............................................................................................................7
4.2. Fleet & Equipment..........................................................................................
10
4.3. Streetlighting...................................................................................................
11
4.4. Staff Travel......................................................................................................
12
4.5. Corporate Waste.............................................................................................
12
5.
Corporate and Community Emissions....................................................................
12
6.
Trends....................................................................................................................12
6.1. Sustained GHG Reductions in Streetlighting..................................................
15
6.2. Service Growth and GHG's.............................................................................
15
6.3. Electricity Grid.................................................................................................
15
6.4. Heating Degree Days......................................................................................
15
7.
Threats to reaching our reduction target................................................................
16
8.
Calls to Action........................................................................................................
16
9.
Appendices............................................................................................................
17
9.1. Appendix A — Corporate GHG Inventory - Methodology & Adjustments .........
17
9.1.1. Methodology............................................................................................
17
9.1.2. Assets in GHG Inventory .........................................................................
17
9.1.3. Adjustments.............................................................................................
18
9.2. Appendix B — Annual Progress Reporting Metrics ..........................................
20
9.3. Appendix C — Summary of CorCAP 2.0: Pivot Net -Zero Actions ....................
23
List of Figures
Figure 1 - 2024 Corporate GHG Emissions by Focus Area.............................................4
Figure 2 - 2024 Facilities and Fleet & Equipment GHG Emissions by Energy Type ....... 5
Figure 3 - 2024 Energy Consumption vs. Emissions by Energy Source ......................... 7
Figure 4 - 2024 Corporate GHG Emissions by Energy Source and Facility Type ........... 8
Figure 5 - 2024 Top 10 GHG Emitting Facilities.............................................................. 9
Figure 6 - 2024 GHG Emissions by Fleet Vehicle Class (excluding small equipment).. 11
K
Page 139 of 177
CorCAP 2.0 — Pivot: Net -Zero Annual Update (2024)
Figure 7 - Corporate GHG Emissions 2016 — 2024 ....................................................... 13
List of Tables
Table 1 - 2024 Utility and Fuel Costs.............................................................................. 6
Table 2 - Corporate GHG Emissions vs Consumption by Focus Area .......................... 14
9
Page 140 of 177
CorCAP 2.0 — Pivot: Net -Zero Annual Update (2024)
1. Introduction
The City of Kitchener has identified a corporate near-term target of achieving an 8%
reduction in corporate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the baseline year of
2016; as well as a long-term goal of achieving net -zero by 2050. Achieving net -zero
emissions means cutting GHG emissions from human activities to as close to zero as
possible, with any remaining emissions being absorbed from the atmosphere. This is
the first progress report on the organization's second -generation corporate climate
action plan called Pivot: Net -Zero; approved by Council April 22, 2024 (DSD -2024-074).
The threefold purpose of this report is to track corporate GHG progress from 2016-
2024, provide an update on the 19 annual progress reporting metrics (Appendix B) and
the 47 action items (Appendix C), as identified in Pivot: Net -Zero.
2. Corporate GHG Inventory
The City of Kitchener reports on GHG emissions in five corporate focus areas,
presented below in Figure 1. These corporate focus areas are consistent across most, if
not all municipalities. GHG emissions are calculated based on energy consumption
(fuel, electricity, natural gas) and emissions factors from verified sources (these details
are further described in Appendix A).
Facilities
m Fleet & Equipment
Staff Travel
Streetlighting
Waste
%
Figure 1 - 2024 Corporate GHG Emissions by Focus Area
Il
Page 141 of 177
CorCAP 2.0 — Pivot: Net -Zero Annual Update (2024)
In 2024, the City of Kitchener emitted 10,847 tonnes of GHGs (tCO2e). Ninety percent
of these emissions came from two corporate focus areas — Facilities (54%) and Fleet &
Equipment (36%), which is consistent distribution of corporate emissions from baseline.
When we look at our corporate sources of energy within these two focus areas (Figure
2), particularly the types of fossil fuels we rely on, we see natural gas continuing to play
an important role in our facilities (for space heating, and domestic hot water). Space
heating alone accounts for approximately 80% of natural gas use in Facilities. While in
our fleet & equipment — gasoline and diesel are significant. Gasoline is used primarily
for lighter duty vehicles and diesel is used in medium and heavy-duty vehicles.
Facilities
Fleet & Equipment
0 11000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000
tCO2e
111111 Diesel
uuuuu Biodiesel
Electricity
uuuuul Ethanol Blend (10%)
Gasoline
uuuuil Natural Gas
Propane
Figure 2 - 2024 Facilities and Fleet & Equipment GHG Emissions by Energy Type
As GHG emissions on their own can be difficult to relate to, utility costs offer an
alternative way to look at energy consumption across the organization. Table 1 below
outlines 2024 costs by energy source for both Facilities, and Fleet & Equipment focus
areas.
5
Page 142 of 177
CorCAP 2.0 — Pivot: Net -Zero Annual Update (2024)
Table 1 - 2024 Utility and Fuel Costs
Energy Source
2024 Cost
Fleet & Equipment
Gasoline (includes gasoline and ethanol blend)
$1,012,731
Diesel (includes petroleum diesel and biodiesel blends)
$1,070,168
Propane — fleet & equipment
$5,667
Fleet Total
$2,088,582
Facilities
Propane
$11,598
Electricity
$4,751,414
Natural Gas
$1,000,120
Facilities Total
$5,763,132
Grand Total
$7,851,698
3. Variations in GHG Intensity
When it comes to GHG emissions, not all energy sources are equal. Some energy
sources are more carbon intense than others. This becomes clear when comparing
energy consumption to GHG emissions for different energy sources (Figure 3). For
instance, electricity is the source for 47% of our corporate energy used in 2024, yet only
accounts for 12% of our corporate GHGs. Natural gas by comparison is the source of
41 % of our energy used — yet accounts for 64% of our corporate GHGs. Similarly, fleet
fuels account for 12% of total corporate energy used, but 23% of corporate GHGs
emissions.
This data provides insight into how transitioning to lower carbon energy sources is
important, why it is sound for this to be a corporate priority and how a corporate energy
transition can make a significant impact on our corporate GHGs and in our corporate
journey to net -zero.
C.1
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CorCAP 2.0 — Pivot: Net -Zero Annual Update (2024)
Energy Consumption by Energy Emissions by Energy Source
Source
Electricity
Fleet Fuels
Natural Gas
Propane
0.05%
47%
1%
Figure 3 - 2024 Energy Consumption vs. Emissions by Energy Source
4. Strategic Priorities by Focus Area
4.1. Facilities
Facilities are responsible for just over half of Kitchener's corporate GHG emissions
(54%). 84% of these GHG emissions are due to natural gas consumption used for
space and water heating - equivalent to 45% of total corporate emissions. Looking at
the data with both a facility and energy type lens, enables a more granular and strategic
understanding of Facilities and their contribution to corporate GHGs. Certain facility
types emerge as priority areas for making impact including Arenas, Administrative
Buildings and Pools (Figure 4). This is underscored by looking at the corporate Top 10
GHG emitting facilities (Figure 5), 8 of which fall into these 3 categories, including 6
within the Sport Division (Arenas and Pools).
7
Page 144 of 177
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As Facilities transitions towards lower carbon fuel sources for heating, we should begin
to see the carbon intensity of buildings decrease, which can be done through tracking
the carbon intensity per area of building owned. In 2024, the carbon intensity for
facilities was 28.5kg CO2e/m2 (0.028tCO2e/m2), excluding pumping stations.
Generating renewable energy
The solar panels installed on the roof of the Kitchener Operations Facility generated a
total of 570,263 kWh in 2024. The energy produced from these solar panels is sent
back to the electrical grid.
4.2. Fleet & Equipment
The Fleet Division at the City of Kitchener is an integral part of service delivery across
many departments. In total, Fleet is responsible for approximately 650 on and off-road
vehicles and equipment. In addition, the City of Kitchener has many smaller handheld
equipment. Due to the refueling practices, it is difficult to track exactly how much fuel
they use, rather the fuel used in these units is captured under the associated vehicle's
fuel usage.
Fleet assets continue to grow annually. In 2024, 18 additional on and off-road vehicles
and equipment were added to the inventory. However, 40 electrified assets were added
through replacements including 4 electricity utility vehicles, and 37 electric handheld
equipment units.
Light duty vehicles (LDVs) include cars, cargo vans, SUVs and smaller pick-up trucks
and they make up 38% of our fleet assets but are only responsible for 21 % of fleet
emissions (Figure 6). The marketplace currently offers electric options for many LDVs.
This vehicle type is most ready to transition to zero -emission options. In 2024, Fleet has
a total of 22 battery electric vehicles (BEV's) in operations. By contrast, the medium and
heavy-duty vehicle marketplace is limited in its offering of zero emissions vehicle
options. Vehicles in this category include dump trucks, large pick-up trucks (e.g., Ford
550) and fire trucks. These two categories represent 32% of our total fleet assets and
60% of our fleet and equipment emissions (Figure 6). Therefore, even by electrifying all
our light-duty vehicles, the majority of emissions from this focus area will persist until
viable options present in the marketplace. Making significant and sustained corporate
fleet GHG reductions will continue to be a challenge not readily remedied within the next
5 years. Fleet is working on a Sustainable Fleet Transition Strategy (Appendix C, Action
27) that will explore alternate fleet fuels including hydrogen and renewable diesel
options.
Page 147 of 177
CorCAP 2.0 — Pivot: Net -Zero Annual Update (2024)
Equipment
Heavy Duty
Light Duty
Medium Duty
% of Fleet Assets % of Fleet Emissions
Figure 6 - 2024 GHG Emissions by Fleet Vehicle Class (excluding small equipment)
As we transition towards lower carbon fuel sources, we anticipate seeing the carbon
intensity of Kitchener's fleet decrease. Tracking the carbon intensity per kilometer driven
by fleet vehicles is an effective way to show the shift away from fossil fuels. In 2024, the
carbon intensity of Kitchener's fleet is at 0.55 kgCO2e/km (0.00055tCO2e/km) for on -
road licensed vehicles, which are classified as light and medium duty vehicles. This
metric has not been reported on in previous years and will be tracked going forward.
4.3. Streetl i g hti ng
The City of Kitchener is responsible for a network of approximately 18,325 Cobra Head
streetlights and 2,689 decorative post -top lights. Acknowledging the opportunity to
reduce GHG emissions from electricity to power lights and for impressive cost savings,
the City undertook an extensive LED conversion project, converting 15,636 of its Cobra
Head streetlights, over a 2 -year period from 2015-2017. Cost and energy savings were
immediate and significant. In April 2017 (pre -completion), electricity use for streetlights
was approximately 802,000 kWh, and the following April consumption fell to
approximately 350,000 kWh. In 2022/2023, a similar project was done for all the City's
decorative post -top lights, with an estimated pay -back period of 10.7 years.
Not only has the transition to LED lighting resulted in emission reductions but it has also
significantly decreased the waste associated with replacing streetlight bulbs. On
average, the previously used high-pressure sodium (HSP) lightbulbs were replaced
every 3 years. Following the transition to LED, many of the streetlights have not been
replaced since their transition in 2015, making them 10 years old and still operating.
Since the project was implemented in 2017, a sustained reduction in GHG emissions of
approximately 71 % has been observed. (Table 2). Streetlighting is a successful
example of achieving significant and sustained GHG emissions.
11
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CorCAP 2.0 — Pivot: Net -Zero Annual Update (2024)
4.4. Staff Travel
Staff travel includes vehicle mileage claimed by employees who used a personal vehicle
for work purposes only. By tracking and reporting on this category, we are able to
provide a more wholistic view of staff travel related to service delivery to the community
to complement fleet reporting.
Staff travel in 2024 accounted for only 1 % of the City of Kitchener's total emissions,
64t CO2e. Since 2021, emissions from staff travel have increased by approximately
48%, however, there was a 19% decrease in staff travel from 2023 to 2024.
4.5. Corporate Waste
This focus area includes waste generated at City facilities and from street level and park
waste receptacles. While waste may appear to be a small part of corporate emissions
(8.5%), methane from waste is much more harmful and potent than other GHGs. From
2016 — 2024, GHG emissions from corporate waste have increased by 37%, which is an
11 % increase from 2023.
Waste has been on an upward trend since 2016, with a large jump observed in 2022. In
order to address this issue, additional information into the City of Kitchener's waste is
needed. To help fill this gap, a Corporate Waste Assessment is an action identified in
Pivot: Net -Zero to assess how the City of Kitchener's corporate waste is handled and
identify opportunities for improvement (Appendix C, Action 35).
5. Corporate and Community Emissions
Climate Action Waterloo Region tracks community emissions across Waterloo Region.
When comparing how the City of Kitchener's corporate GHG emissions contribute
across the region, they account for less than 1 % of all community emissions. We all
play a role in reducing the GHG emissions within our community, so while this number
is small, it does not undermine the importance of our Corporate Climate Action Plan and
target of achieving net -zero by 2050.
6. Trends
The City of Kitchener corporate GHG emissions have seen a 6% reduction overall from
2016-2024. Figure 7 illustrates this progress with the dotted red line indicating the target
of reducing emissions by 8% from 2016 levels. Table 2 describes the changes in energy
consumption and greenhouse gas emissions over time and shows a decline in
emissions over the last 2 years.
12
Page 149 of 177
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6.1. Sustained GHG Reductions in Streetlighting
Significant and sustained GHG reductions are maintained in the Streetlighting focus
area. This is due to the extensive, efficiency -focused LED conversion project completed
in 2017 for the cobra head streetlights, and 2022 for decorative post -top lights.
6.2. Service Growth and GHG's
The City of Kitchener's Facilities and Fleet operations continue to grow. Kitchener is
among the fastest growing communities in Canada and likewise City of Kitchener
service delivery is expanding. As we expand service delivery to the community, we
acquire new buildings. The GHG reduction from 2023-2024 is in part due to a warmer
winter (less demand for energy for space heating), in addition to efforts to reduce the
carbon intensity of our operations.
While Fleet & Equipment has seen an increase in GHG emissions from 2016 baseline
levels, assets have continued to grow on an annual basis as well. It is important to note
that emissions were slightly elevated in 2022 due to COVID-19 restrictions making
single occupant vehicles necessary in operations. From 2022 alone, fleet assets have
increased by approximately 8%, while emissions have decreased by 3%. This is a
promising trend, that may be indicating a decoupling of Fleet growth and GHG
emissions that can be sustained into the future with the further implementation of Pivot:
Net -Zero actions.
6.3. Electricity Grid
Ontario's Electricity Grid is known for being "clean," with nearly 90% of electricity
coming from zero emissions sources. Ontario currently has one of the lowest carbon
intensity factors in the world. Between 2016 and 2024, our electricity consumption fell
by 10%, however emissions fell by 34%. It is important to note the potential risks and
benefits associated with changes in the carbon intensity of the electricity grid. Such
changes are largely out of our control. Recently, there has been a need for high carbon
intense electricity generation in Ontario that has resulted in increasing emissions factors
for electricity. In 2025, the emissions factor will rise to 38gCO2e/kWh (from
30gCO2e/kWh in 2024), which would result in approximately 4% increase in emissions
in our facilities emissions.
6.4. Heating Degree Days
Heating degree days (HDD) is a way of quantifying energy demand to heat buildings
based on outside temperatures. During colder winters with more heating degree days, it
is anticipated that energy consumption for space heating (i.e., natural gas), and the
associated GHG emissions, would be higher. There were 4,174 HDD in 2022 (8%
increase from 2016 at 3,856HDD) and Table 2 notes a 4% increase in natural gas
consumption and emissions. 2023 had 5% less HDD compared to 2016 and
correspondingly 4% less natural gas emissions. In 2024 there were 3,179 HDD (-9% to
2016) and a 12% decrease in natural gas consumption and emissions. This indicates
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CorCAP 2.0 — Pivot: Net -Zero Annual Update (2024)
the significant impact of variations in the annual weather on the changes observed in
natural gas emissions.
7. Threats to reaching our reduction target
When we set our corporate baseline year in 2016 the carbon intensity of the Ontario
electricity grid was low. The carbon intensity of the Ontario energy grid is now
increasing. A 4% increase in Kitchener facilities emissions is anticipated for 2025. This
anticipated increase is due to a more carbon intense electricity grid in Ontario that has
resulted in increasing emissions factors for electricity. While positive changes to the
electricity grid have benefited the City of Kitchener's emissions in the past, this is not
anticipated into the future.
There has been a 2% reduction in corporate GHG emissions annually since 2022. This
has occurred despite growth in our service delivery to the community. If we were to
extrapolate based on historical data alone, and try to predict the future, one might
conclude that we are on track to reach the short-term target of an 8% reduction by 2026
from the 2016 baseline year. Historical trends however are not predictive.
Several external factors outside of our control (see section 6) threaten our ability to
reach our 8% GHG reduction target, including variation in energy consumption and
heating degree days. When looking ahead to our 2025 reporting, it is probable that
there will be an increase in overall corporate GHGs. The first months of 2025 were
marked by significant cold weather and heavy snowfall. Energy use for both space
heating in our facilities and snow clearing is anticipated to be higher than previous
years. Despite modest, incremental emissions reductions to date, we cannot confidently
state that these reductions will be sustained into the future.
8. Calls to Action
Focussing energies where we can, to make an impact on corporate GHGs is the best
way to protect our organization from external threats and disruptions while building
resiliency towards meeting our long-term net -zero goal. Our capital and operating
decision-making today needs to prioritize deep GHG reductions. We need to prioritize
the 3 pathways of energy conservation, fuel switching, and generating renewable
energy. Lastly, continued advocacy to other levels of government and industry to
support these pathways is important.
16
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CorCAP 2.0 — Pivot: Net -Zero Annual Update (2024)
9. Appendices
9.1. Appendix A— Corporate GHG Inventory - Methodology & Adjustments
9.1.1. Methodology
GHG emissions have been calculated using consumption data collected from utility bills
for electricity and natural gas, and from FLINT for fleet fuels. Table Al below outlines
the emission factors used to convert consumption data into GHG emissions for 2024.
The most up to date emission factors published by the Governments of Canada and
Ontario have been used. For staff travel, an average emission factor based on a variety
of makes and models was used.
Table A 1 - Emission Factors
Energy Source
Unit
Emission Factor
K CO2e /unit
Electricity
kWh
0.03
Natural Gas
m3
1.93
Biodiesel 5
L
2.70
Diesel
L
2.71
Ethanol Blend 10%
L
2.24
Gasoline
L
2.32
Propane
L
1.54
Electricity
L
0.03
Staff Travel
km
0.19
Waste
mt
481.70
9.1.2. Assets in GHG Inventory
To track and report on our Corporate GHG emissions consistently from year to year, it is
important to have a well-defined inventory of assets and sources that are included and
updated in corporate GHG reporting. Table A2 below outlines the assets and sources
reported on in each focus area.
Table A 2 - Assets and Sources included in GHG Inventory
17
Page 154 of 177
Sources
Focus Area
Facilities
85 facilities
All on -road heavy, medium, and light duty vehicles and off-road
Corporate
equipment (loaders, backhoes etc.) that use 6 different types of fuel.
Fleet &
Given the process by which small handheld equipment is re -fueled, it is
Equipment
difficult to accurately track their fuel consumption and therefore
handheld equipment is not included in the GHG inventory for fleet.
Streetlights
Outdoor Streetlights
Waste
Waste collected from city facilities and street level / park waste
receptacles including large Moloks.
Staff Travel
Staff mileage claims for work-related, personal -vehicle use.
17
Page 154 of 177
CorCAP 2.0 — Pivot: Net -Zero Annual Update (2024)
9.1.3. Adjustments
Fleet Data
This report includes adjustments to the 2023 data as it was presented in the DSD -2024-
074 Report. In this report 2023 Fleet & equipment data attributes have been updated. At
the time of reporting 2023 data, the FLINT database was undergoing an update which
resulted in fleet attribute changes. These changes resulted in vehicles not being
included in the 2023 corporate GHG calculations. As a result, the adjustments in this
report include adding previous vehicles omitted in the original 2023 calculations
reported. Table A3 indicates the changes to the 2023 fleet data as reported in this 2024
report.
Table A 3 - Fleet & Equipment Data Adjustments
Category
Previous 2023
Updated 2023
Difference
Data
Data
GHG emissions
3,692 tCO2e
3,848 tCO2e
4%
(tCO2e)
Vehicle Count (on &
580
648
10%
off road)
Small Equipment
549
570
4%
Count
These adjustments result in approximately 4% more emissions in this fleet category and
157 tCO2e total corporate emissions. The major finding in the 2023 report, however,
remains true that growth was experienced in the focus area and this expansion has not
resulted in commensurate growth in corporate GHGs. The decoupling of growth and
GHGs in this focus area remains true for 2023 and 2024 data.
Global Warming Potentials
In March 2024, the Climate Change and Environment Committee passed a motion "that
the CCEC supports the recommendation that for future GHG reduction project analysis
[global warming potential] GWP 20 emission factors (as it's amended) be used to
calculate GHG emissions, in place of GWP 100." GWP 20 emission factors are useful
when looking at the impact of GHG's that have a shorter lifetime in the atmosphere,
such as methane (CH4), while GWP 100 emission factors focus on gases with a longer
lifetime, specifically carbon dioxide (CO2). Following this recommendation, staff
investigated making this switch and have decided to not move forward with the use of
GWP 20 emission factors. The rationale behind this decision is in part due to the
prominence of CO2 in the City of Kitchener's corporate GHG emissions, as well, to stay
consistent with larger organizations for reporting purposes. While natural gas usage
plays a large role in the City of Kitchener's GHG emissions, when burned, it mainly
releases CO2. The main CH4 emissions from natural gas are a result of leaks during
Page 155 of 177
CorCAP 2.0 — Pivot: Net -Zero Annual Update (2024)
transportation and storage, which is considered an upstream emission, and is not within
the scope of the City of Kitchener's Corporate GHG inventory. In addition, continuing
forward with the GWP 100 emission factors will allow the City of Kitchener to stay
aligned with the reporting frameworks we have committed to report to annually,
including the Sustainable Waterloo Region Impact Network and Partner's for Climate
Protection.
M
Page 156 of 177
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