Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutDSD-2025-185 - Interim Draft HIA-East Side Lands Trunk SewerStaff Report r NJ :R Development Services Department www.kitchener.ca REPORT TO: Heritage Kitchener DATE OF MEETING: May 6, 2025 SUBMITTED BY: Garett Stevenson, Director of Development and Housing Approvals, 519-783-8922 PREPARED BY: Michelle Drake, Senior Heritage Planner, 519-783-8909 WARD(S) INVOLVED: Ward 3 DATE OF REPORT: April 11, 2025 REPORT NO.: DSD -2025-185 SUBJECT: Interim Draft Heritage Impact Assessment — East Side Lands Trunk Sewer RECOMMENDATION: For information. REPORT: The Development and Housing Approvals Division is in receipt of an Interim Draft Heritage Impact Assessment dated August 2024 (Updated April 2025), regarding the detailed design of the East Side Lands Trunk Sewer (ESLTS). The purpose of the proposed ESLTS is to service anticipated growth in the eastern part of the Region of Waterloo (parts of Cambridge, Woolwich and Kitchener). The Region of Waterloo completed a Class Environmental Assessment, which identified the need for the ESLTS and identified a route through the City of Cambridge, City of Kitchener, and the Grand River valley terminating at the Kitchener Wastewater Treatment Plant on Mill Park Drive. The scope of work will include open cut and micro -tunnelled construction to install the sewer and a new service bridge over the Grand River to take the sewer to the existing wastewater treatment plant. The ESLTS has three main sections: 1. An open -cut section that runs through the Pioneer Tower Road and Lookout Lane Cultural Heritage Landscape (CHL) and terminates in an underground section in Kuntz Park in the Pioneer Tower West & Historic Ridge CHL. 2. A new service bridge across the Grand River southwest of the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower within the Pioneer Tower West & Historic Ridge CHL, the Grand River Corridor CHL, and the Walter Bean Trail CHL. 3. A section that connects to the existing wastewater treatment plant influent channel located on the west side of the Grand River, adjacent to the Grand River Corridor CHL. *** This information is available in accessible formats upon request. *** Please call 519-741-2345 or TTY 1-866-969-9994 for assistance. Page 3 of 732 Deer Ridge Paris q Ur GSR 904 } . ..m Kuntz Park 4 Waterloo Pionew., - Memanal Towerr .a J Joseph Schoerg Park � Figure 1.0 Location Map — Approximate Location of Sewer Shown in Red The proposed methods to install the sewer and the proposed construction of a new service bridge have the potential to impact Cultural Heritage Resources (CHRs), including the following: Built Heritage Resources • The Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower (300 Lookout Lane) • The Samuel Betzner Farmstead (300 Joseph Schoerg Crescent) • The Joseph Schoerg Farmstead (330 Joseph Schoerg Crescent) Cultural Heritage Landscapes • The Grand River Corridor CHL • The Pioneer Tower West & Historic Ridge CHL • The Pioneer Tower Road & Lookout Lane CHL • The Walter Bean Trail CHL The interim draft HIA outlines impacts and mitigation recommendations for each CHR in Table 1 starting on page 102. The mitigation recommendations include, but are not limited Page 4 of 732 to: developing a vibration monitoring plan to monitor the Waterloo Memorial Tower and the Betzner/Schoerg Cemetery before, during and after construction; restoring Lookout Lane to pre -construction conditions in accordance with the Pioneer Tower West Design Guidelines; designing the new service bridge to be well-proportioned, visually light and compatible with the surrounding context of the Grand River Corridor CHL and the Pioneer Tower West & Historic Ridge CHL; and, documenting views to and from the Pioneer Memorial Tower for archival purposes. At this time, Heritage Planning staff are seeking input and comments from members of the Heritage Kitchener committee, which will be considered as part of staff's review of the HIA and coordination with the Region on the final detailed design and recommended conservation and mitigation measures to be implemented before, during and after construction of the ESLTS. A copy of the interim draft HIA is available as Attachment A to this report. STRATEGIC PLAN ALIGNMENT: This report supports the delivery of core services. FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS: Capital Budget — The recommendation has no impact on the Capital Budget. Operating Budget — The recommendation has no impact on the Operating Budget. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT: INFORM — This report has been posted to the City's website with the agenda in advance of the Heritage Kitchener committee meeting. PREVIOUS REPORTS/AUTHORITIES: • Environmental Assessment Act • Ontario Heritage Act APPROVED BY: Justin Readman, General Manager, Development Services Department ATTACHMENTS: Attachment A — Interim Draft Heritage Impact Assessment — East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Page 5 of 732 Heritage Impact Assessment East Side lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Interim Draft Report Prepared for: Region of Waterloo 150 Frederick Street Kitchener, ON N2G 4.13 Archaeological Services Inc. File: 24CH-015 August 2024 (Updated April 2025) /� I Providing Archaeological & /A Cultural Heritage Services 528 Bathurst Street Toronto, ONTARIO M5S 2139 416.966.1069 F416-966-9723 asiheritage.r(( \1 V "-- ca '�-, Page 6 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Executive Summary Page 1 Archaeological Services Inc. was contracted by the Region of Waterloo to conduct a Heritage Impact Assessment (H.I.A.) as part of the East Side Lands Trunk Sanitary Sewer Detailed Design. The East Side Lands Trunk Sewer H.I.A. addresses the followings cultural heritage landscapes (C.H.L.) and built heritage resources (B. H.R.$): • The Grand River; • The Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L.; • The Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower (300 Lookout Lane); • The Samuel Betzner Farmstead (300 Joseph Schoerg Crescent), and the municipally -owned Betzner barn ruins adjacent to the property; • The Joseph Schoerg Farmstead (330 Joseph Schoerg Cresent), and the municipally -owned Schoerg barn and silo ruins adjacent to the property; • The Pioneer Tower Road and Lookout Lane C.H.L.; and • The Walter Bean Trail C.H.L.. These C.H.L.s and B.H.R.s require a H.I.A. to provide an assessment of how the proposed sewer and service bridge over the Grand River will impact their cultural heritage value and identified heritage attributes, as recommended in a 2017 Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment that was completed as part of the East Side Lands Sanitary Servicing Class Environmental Assessment (Archaeological Services Inc, 2017). The assessment of the subject property is being conducted in accordance with the following guiding documents: the Ontario Heritage Tool Kit (Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism, 2006a) the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada (Parks Canada, 2010), and the City of Kitchener's Heritage Impact Assessment- Terms of Reference (City of Kitchener, 2024). Select identified heritage attributes of the Grand River C.H.L., the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower, the Pioneer Tower Road Page 7 of 7I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 2 and Lookout Lane C.H.L., and the Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. are anticipated to be impacted through the construction of a trunk sewer and service bridge to carry the sewer across the Grand River. Overall, the proposed interventions are not anticipated to result in significant adverse impacts if appropriately mitigated. The following recommendations and mitigation measures have been developed and should be implemented: 1. To ensure the Waterloo Memorial Pioneer Tower and the Doon Pioneer Cemetery are not adversely impacted by vibration during construction, a Vibration Monitoring Plan for each must be prepared by a qualified engineer or vibration consultant who demonstrates a level of professional understanding and competence in the field of heritage conservation. The Vibration Monitoring Plans must respond to the City of Kitchener's Terms of Reference for Cultural Heritage Protection Plans and Terms of Reference for Risk Management Plans. The Plans must be approved by the City prior to construction. The Vibration Monitoring Plans should include a pre - construction condition assessment of the structures. A condition assessment typically includes pre -construction measurements of background vibrations within the zone of influence, and pre -construction property inspection, including documentation of any visible cracks. This is used to identify any damages caused by construction compared with existing, pre -construction damage to the structure. It is also recommended that the vibration consultant review the research provided in Section 4.0 of this report to help inform their assessment of the tower. 2. Should any damages to the Waterloo Memorial Pioneer Tower or the Doon Pioneer Cemetery be caused by vibration, repairs must be conducted by a contractor with knowledge and experience in restoring similar heritage structures and who is a member in good standing of C.A.H.P. Repairs should follow the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada (Parks Canada, 2010). Page 8 of 7I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 3 3. Post -construction maintenance and restoration to remove any construction - related dirt or dust on the Waterloo Memorial Pioneer Tower or the Doon Pioneer Cemetery should be conducted by a contractor with knowledge and experience in cleaning and restoring heritage structures and who is a member in good standing of C.A.H.P. The use of pressure washing above 300 P.S.I. and harsh cleaners should be avoided. Repairs should follow the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada. 4. Construction activities and staging should be suitably planned and undertaken to avoid impacts to the C.H.L.s and B.H.R.s. Suitable mitigation including establishing no-go zones with fencing and issuing instructions to construction crews to avoid the heritage attributes should be considered to mitigate any unintended impacts during construction. The installation of a dust barrier system on the tower's exterior should be considered, in consultation with Parks Canada. 5. To mitigate impacts from construction on the landscape of the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., post -construction rehabilitation of the landscape within the C.H.L. should be undertaken to reflect pre -construction conditions to the extent practicable. 6. To mitigate construction impacts to Lookout Lane, the road should be restored to pre -construction conditions. The restoration of Lookout Lane should follow the City of Kitchener's Pioneer Tower Design Guidelines, specifically, that existing informal road edges should be preserved and no sidewalks or curbs and gutters constructed along either side of the road. As the City no longer has the equipment to maintain tar and chip roads, the new road surface should be comprised of the following alternative approved by City Heritage Planning Staff: Slurry seal over asphalt and an HL4 asphalt with a high degree of exposed aggregate. 7. To mitigate the visual impacts of the bridge on the view of the Grand River and the Pioneer Memorial Tower, the bridge should be designed to be well- proportioned, visually light and should be compatible with the surrounding Page 9 of 7I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario beautiful natural context of the river corridor and tower. Page 4 8. This interim report will be updated following the completion of the 60% Design Report and Tree Management Plan to provide further discussion of proposed tree removal and construction phasing. 9. This interim report should be submitted by the proponent to heritage staff at the City of Kitchener, the Region of Waterloo and Parks Canada for review and comment. Any feedback received will be considered and incorporated into this report as appropriate. The final Heritage Impact Assessment report should be submitted to the above-mentioned agencies for their records. Page 10 of 732 9 16.. 1 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Report Accessibility Features Page 5 This report has been formatted to meet the Information and Communications Standards under the Accessibility for Ontarions with Disabilities Act, 2005 (A.O.D.A.). Features of this report which enhance accessibility include: headings, font size and colour, alternative text provided for images, and the use of periods within acronyms. Given this is a technical report, there may be instances where additional accommodation is required in order for readers to access the report's information. If additional accommodation is required, please contact Annie Veilleux, Manager of the Cultural Heritage Division at Archaeological Services Inc., by email at aveilleux@asiheritage.ca or by phone 416-966-1069 ext. 255. Appendices to this report not originating from A.S.I. may not meet A.O.D.A. standards. J+ Page 11 of 732 9 16 --J+ 1 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Project Personnel Page 6 • Senior Project Manager: Lindsay Graves, M.A., C.A.H.P., Senior Cultura Heritage Specialist, Assistant Manager - Cultural Heritage Division • Project Coordinator: Jessica Bisson, B.F.A. (Hon.), Cultural Heritage Technician, Division Coordinator —Cultural Heritage Division • Project Manager: Laura Wickett, B.A. (Hon.), Dip. Heritage Conservation, Cultural Heritage Specialist, Project Manager - Cultural Heritage Division • Field Review: Laura Wickett and Becca Clark, B.A. (Hon.), Adv. Dip. Applied Museum Studies, Cultural Heritage Technical Writer & Researcher, Project Administrator —Cultural Heritage Division • Report Production: Laura Wickett, Becca Clark • Graphics Production: Peter Bikoulis, P.h.D., Archaeologist, Geomatics Technician — Operations Division • Report Reviewer: Lindsay Graves J+ Page 12 of 732 9 16.. 1 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Qualified Persons Involved in the Project Lindsay Graves, M.A., C.A.H.P. Senior Cultural Heritage Specialist, Assistant Manager - Cultural Heritage Division Page 7 The Senior Project Manager for this Heritage Impact Assessment is Lindsay Graves (M.A., Heritage Conservation), Senior Cultural Heritage Specialist and the Assistant Manager for the Cultural Heritage Division. She was responsible for: overall project scoping and approach; development and confirmation of technical findings and study recommendations; application of relevant standards, guidelines and regulations; and implementation of quality control procedures. Lindsay is academically trained in the fields of heritage conservation, cultural anthropology, archaeology, and collections management and has over 15 years of experience in the field of cultural heritage resource management. This work has focused on the assessment, evaluation, and protection of above ground cultural heritage resources. Lindsay has extensive experience undertaking archival research, heritage survey work, heritage evaluation and heritage impact assessment. She has also contributed to cultural heritage landscape studies and heritage conservation plans, led heritage commemoration and interpretive programs, and worked collaboratively with multidisciplinary teams to sensitively plan interventions at historic sites/places. In addition, she is a leader in the completion of heritage studies required to fulfill Class Environmental Assessment processes and has served as Project Manager for over 100 heritage assessments during her time at A.S.I. Lindsay is a member of the Canadian Association of Heritage Professionals. Laura Wickett, B.A. (Hon.), Dipl. Heritage Conservation Cultural Heritage Specialist, Project Manager - Cultural Heritage Division The Project Manager for this Heritage Impact Assessment is Laura Wickett (B.A. (Hon.), Diploma Heritage Conservation), who is a Cultural Heritage Analyst and Project Manager within the Cultural Heritage Division. She was responsible for day-to-day management activities, including scoping and conducting research activities and drafting of study findings and recommendations. Trained in the Page 13 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 8 theoretical and technical aspects of heritage conservation, Laura has over seven years' experience working in the field of cultural heritage resource management. She began working in A.S.I.'s Cultural Heritage Division as a Cultural Heritage Technician in 2017, providing support for a range of cultural heritage assessment reports, including Cultural Heritage Resource Assessments, Cultural Heritage Evaluation Reports, Heritage Impact Assessments, and Secondary Plan assessments. She has also contributed to Heritage Conservation District studies, Cultural Heritage Landscape inventories and Heritage Register reviews. Becca Clark, B.A. (Hons) Cultural Heritage Technical Writer and Researcher - Cultural Heritage Division The Cultural Heritage Technician for this project is Becca Clark (B.A. Hons, Adv. Diploma Applied Museum Studies), who is a Cultural Heritage Technical Writer and Researcher and Project Administrator within the Cultural Heritage Division. She was responsible for preparing research and technical reporting. With her educational and working background, Becca provides an understanding of Ontario history and built heritage as well as skilled research and analysis. Her time as a museum professional focused on local history in Southern Ontario and how it may be represented by objects and built heritage. In 2021, Becca researched, designed, and produced the Guelph Civic Museum's exhibition "The Origin of Fan: Folding Form and Function". She has since translated her knowledge of Southern Ontario's history into built heritage research. In 2023, she joined ASI's Cultural Heritage team as a Cultural Heritage Technician J+ Page 14 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 9 Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Report Accessibility Features 5 Project Personnel Qualified Persons Involved in the Project oxo 1.0 Introduction 20 1.1 Description of Property 23 1.2 Heritage Recognition 23 2.0 Description of Existing Condition 2=' 2.1 Grand River 25 2.2 Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. 28 2.2.1 Doon Pioneer Cemetery 31 2.3 Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower 34 2.4 Samuel Betzner Farmstead 49 2.5 Joseph Schoerg Farmstead 51 2.6 Pioneer Tower Road and Lookout Lane C.H.L. 52 2.7 Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. 54 2.8 Photo Location Map 58 3.0 Statements of Cultural Heritage Value 6 3.1 Grand River 60 3.1.1 Grand River National Heritage River 60 3.1.2 Grand River Corridor Cultural Heritage Landscape 64 3.2 Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. 67 3.3 Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower 71 3.4 Samuel Betzner Farmstead 74 Page 15 of 732 9 16.. 1 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 10 3.5 Joseph Schoerg Farmstead 75 3.6 Pioneer Tower Road and Lookout Lane C.H.L. 76 3.7 Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. 77 3.8 Location of Views Identified as Heritage Attributes 79 4.0 Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower Construction Methods, Materials and Condition 81 5.0 Description and Purpose of Proposed Activity 86 6.0 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures 100 7.0 Considered Alternatives 123 8.0 Summary of Community Engagement 124 9.0 Recommendations 126 10.0 References 129 Appendix A: C.H.L. Data Sheets from City of Kitchener C.H.L. Study 131 Appendix B: Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower Technical Studies 132 Appendix C: Drawings of Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower 133 Appendix D: 30% Design Drawings 134 Page 16 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario List of Tables Page 11 Table 1: Impact Assessment and Mitigation Recommendations (Not including impacts to views)............................................................................... 102 Table 2: View Impact Assessment and Mitigation Recommendations ............... 113 List of Figures Figure 1: Location of the H.I.A. study area and component cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resources (Base Map: 00penStreetMap and contributors, Creative Commons -Share Alike License (CC-BY-SA)).22 Figure 2: Looking northwest from the east bank of the Grand River within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. south of the Pioneer Memorial Tower towards the approximate location of the new service bridge (View 1) (A.S.I., 2024). 26 Figure 3: Looking south from the east bank of the Grand River, within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. south of the Pioneer Memorial Tower (View 2) (A.S.I., 2024). 27 Figure 4: Looking east along the Water Treatment Trail on the west side of the river with obscured view of the river at left (A.S.I. 2025). 27 Figure 5: Looking northeast across the Grand River from the Water Treatment Trail on the west side of the river (View 3) (A.S.I. 2025). 28 Figure 6: Entrance to the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. from Lookout Lane, facing south (A.S.I., 2024). 29 Figure 7: Facing west toward the parkland within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. (A.S.I., 2024). 29 Figure 8: Looking northwest toward Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. and northwestern portion of Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform (A.S.I. 2024). 30 Figure 9: Looking southeast toward Walter Bean Trail and southwestern portion of Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform (A.S.I. 2024). 30 Figure 10: Samuel Betzner Farmstead (Google Streetview). 31 Figure 11: Schoerg Farmhouse (A.S.I., 2024) 31 Page 17 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 12 Figure 12: Looking southeast toward the cemetery, with the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower at back left (A.S.I., 2024). 32 Figure 13: Looking west towards the cemetery, with the opposite riverbank visible in the background (A.S.I., 2024). 33 Figure 14: View of grave markers within the cemetery (A.S.I., 2024). 33 Figure 15: Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower (A.S.I., 2024). 35 Figure 16: The base of the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower, showing the limestone entrance and fieldstone veneer (A.S.I., 2024). 36 Figure 17: Looking up at the interior stairs from the base of the tower (A.S.I., 2024). 37 Figure 18: Example of crack in concrete interior of tower (A.S.I., 2024). 38 Figure 19: Example of crack in concrete interior of tower (A.S.I., 2024). 39 Figure 20: Looking west across the Grand River from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform, towards the water treatment plant (A.S.I., 2024). 40 Figure 21: Looking north from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform (A.S.I. 2024). 40 Figure 22: View looking south along the Grand River from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform (View 4) (A.S.I. 2024). 41 Figure 23: View looking east from the Pioneer Memorial Tower, with the Betzner Farmstead visible at right (View 5) (A.S.I. 2024) 42 Figure 24: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking south from within Kuntz Park (View 6)(A.S.I. 2025). 42 Figure 25: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking southeast from Doon Pioneer Cemetery (View 7) (A.S.I., 2024). 43 Figure 26: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking west from the Betzner barn ruins (View 8) (A.S.I. 2024). 43 Figure 27: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking west from top of ridge along sidewalk across from 283 Joseph Schoerg Crescent (View 9) (A.S.I. 2025). 44 Figure 28: Long-range view of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking south along Pioneer Tower Trail from northern portion of Deer Ridge Drive (View 10) (A.S.I. 2025). 45 Figure 29: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking south along Lookout Lane (View 11) (A.S.I. 2024). 45 Page 18 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 13 Figure 30: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking southeast along northern portion of Walter Bean Trail, with riverbank at right (View 12) (A.S.I., 2024). 46 Figure 31: Long-range view of Pioneer Memorial Tower and river corridor looking northwest from southern portion of the Walter Bean Trail within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. on east side of river (View 13) (A.S.I. 2025). 47 Figure 32: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking east from Water Treatment Trail along west side of river (View 14, Figure 32) (A.S.I. 2025). 47 Figure 33: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking north from trail along west side of river (View 15, Figure 33) (A.S.I. 2025). 2• Figure 34: Obscured view looking east toward the Pioneer Memorial Tower from the eastern terminus of Huron Road on the west side of the Grand River (A.S.I. 2025). 48 Figure 35: View of the farmhouse and drystone wall at the Samuel Betzner Farmstead (A.S.I., 2024). 49 Figure 36: Driveshed and drystone wall at the Samuel Betzner Farmstead (A.S.I., 2024). 50 Figure 37: The ruins of the Samuel Betzner Farmstead barn and the parkland beyond (A.S.I., 2024). 50 Figure 38: The farmhouse at the Joseph Schoerg Farmstead (A.S.I., 2024). 51 Figure 39: Barn ruins and silo at the Joseph Schoerg Farmstead (A.S.I., 2024). 52 Figure 40: Looking north along Lookout Lane from Pioneer Tower West Park C. H.L.(A.S.I., 2024). 53 Figure 41: Looking south along Lookout Lane towards the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. (A.S.I., 2025). 53 Figure 42: looking south along Pioneer Tower Trail from northern portion of Deer Ridge Drive (A.S.I. 2025). 54 Figure 43: Looking southeast along the Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. within the northwestern portion of the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., with Pioneer Memorial Tower visible in the distance (A.S.I. 2024). 55 Figure 44: Looking west across the Grand River from the Walter Bean Trail towards approximate location of proposed bridge (A.S.I. 2025). 55 J+ Page 19 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 14 Figure 45: Intersection of Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. with Lookout Lane, looking south from terminus of Lookout Lane (A.S.I. 2024). 56 Figure 46: Walter Bean Trail south of the Pioneer Memorial Tower, facing south within the Pioneer West Park C.H.L. The Grand River is to the right of the photo (A.S.I., 2024). 57 Figure 47: Looking southeast along the Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. on the west riverbank (A.S.I. 2025). 58 Figure 48: Location and direction of field review photos. 59 Figure 49: Approximate location and direction of views identified as heritage attributes in Section 3.0 (A.S.I. 2025 80 Figure 50: Alignment of proposed sewer in relation to the surrounding C.H.L.s and B.H.R.s (A.S.I. 2025). 88 Figure 51: Alignment of proposed bridge showing limits of construction for bridge supporting structures (R.V.A.). Additional bridge piers will be located within the Kitchener W.W.T.P. site, but those are not within the scope of this H.I.A. 89 Figure 52: Drone image showing proposed bridge alignment, with Pioneer Memorial Tower at left (R.V.A. 2024). 90 Figure 53: Truss configuration Option 1, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (R.V.A. 2024). 91 Figure 54: Truss configuration Option 2, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (R.V.A. 2024). 92 Figure 55: Truss configuration Option 3, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (R.V.A. 2024) 92 Figure 56: Truss configuration Option 4, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (R.V.A. 2024) 93 Figure 57: Rendering of bridge Option 4 with sky blue paint finish, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (DTAH 2025). 95 Page 20 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 15 Figure 58: Rendering of bridge Option 4 with sky blue paint finish, looking east from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (DTAH 2025). 96 Figure 59: Rendering of bridge Option 4 with Corten finish, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (DTAH 2025) 97 Figure 60: Rendering of bridge Option 4 with Corten finish, looking east from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (DTAH 2025). 98 List of Plates Figure 1: Location of the H.I.A. study area and component cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resources (Base Map: ©OpenStreetMap and contributors, Creative Commons -Share Alike License (CC-BY-SA)).22 Figure 2: Looking northwest from the east bank of the Grand River within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. south of the Pioneer Memorial Tower towards the approximate location of the new service bridge (View 1) (A.S.I., 2024). 26 Figure 3: Looking south from the east bank of the Grand River, within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. south of the Pioneer Memorial Tower (View 2) (A.S.I., 2024). 27 Figure 4: Looking east along the Water Treatment Trail on the west side of the river with obscured view of the river at left (A.S.I. 2025). 27 Figure 5: Looking northeast across the Grand River from the Water Treatment Trail on the west side of the river (View 3) (A.S.I. 2025). 28 Figure 6: Entrance to the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. from Lookout Lane, facing south (A.S.I., 2024). 29 Figure 7: Facing west toward the parkland within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. (A.S.I., 2024). 29 Figure 8: Looking northwest toward Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. and northwestern portion of Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform (A.S.I. 2024). 30 J+ Page 21 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 16 Figure 9: Looking southeast toward Walter Bean Trail and southwestern portion of Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform (A.S.I. 2024). 30 Figure 10: Samuel Betzner Farmstead (Google Streetview). 31 Figure 11: Schoerg Farmhouse (A.S.I., 2024) 31 Figure 12: Looking southeast toward the cemetery, with the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower at back left (A.S.I., 2024). 32 Figure 13: Looking west towards the cemetery, with the opposite riverbank visible in the background (A.S.I., 2024). 33 Figure 14: View of grave markers within the cemetery (A.S.I., 2024). 33 Figure 15: Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower (A.S.I., 2024). 35 Figure 16: The base of the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower, showing the limestone entrance and fieldstone veneer (A.S.I., 2024). 36 Figure 17: Looking up at the interior stairs from the base of the tower (A.S.I., 2024). 37 Figure 18: Example of crack in concrete interior of tower (A.S.I., 2024). 38 Figure 19: Example of crack in concrete interior of tower (A.S.I., 2024). 39 Figure 20: Looking west across the Grand River from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform, towards the water treatment plant (A.S.I., 2024). 40 Figure 21: Looking north from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform (A.S.I. 2024). 40 Figure 22: View looking south along the Grand River from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform (View 4) (A.S.I. 2024). 41 Figure 23: View looking east from the Pioneer Memorial Tower, with the Betzner Farmstead visible at right (View 5) (A.S.I. 2024) 42 Figure 24: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking south from within Kuntz Park (View 6)(A.S.I. 2025). 42 Figure 25: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking southeast from Doon Pioneer Cemetery (View 7) (A.S.I., 2024). 43 Figure 26: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking west from the Betzner barn ruins (View 8) (A.S.I. 2024). 43 Figure 27: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking west from top of ridge along sidewalk across from 283 Joseph Schoerg Crescent (View 9) (A.S.I. 2025). 44 Page 22 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 17 Figure 28: Long-range view of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking south along Pioneer Tower Trail from northern portion of Deer Ridge Drive (View 10) (A.S.I. 2025). 45 Figure 29: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking south along Lookout Lane (View 11) (A.S.I. 2024). 45 Figure 30: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking southeast along northern portion of Walter Bean Trail, with riverbank at right (View 12) (A.S.I., 2024). 46 Figure 31: Long-range view of Pioneer Memorial Tower and river corridor looking northwest from southern portion of the Walter Bean Trail within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. on east side of river (View 13) (A.S.I. 2025). 47 Figure 32: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking east from Water Treatment Trail along west side of river (View 14, Figure 32) (A.S.I. 2025). 47 Figure 33: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking north from trail along west side of river (View 15, Figure 33) (A.S.I. 2025). 48 Figure 34: Obscured view looking east toward the Pioneer Memorial Tower from the eastern terminus of Huron Road on the west side of the Grand River (A.S.I. 2025). 48 Figure 35: View of the farmhouse and drystone wall at the Samuel Betzner Farmstead (A.S.I., 2024). 49 Figure 36: Driveshed and drystone wall at the Samuel Betzner Farmstead (A.S.I., 2024). 50 Figure 37: The ruins of the Samuel Betzner Farmstead barn and the parkland beyond (A.S.I., 2024). 50 Figure 38: The farmhouse at the Joseph Schoerg Farmstead (A.S.I., 2024). 51 Figure 39: Barn ruins and silo at the Joseph Schoerg Farmstead (A.S.I., 2024). 52 Figure 40: Looking north along Lookout Lane from Pioneer Tower West Park C. H.L.(A.S.I., 2024). 53 Figure 41: Looking south along Lookout Lane towards the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. (A.S.I., 2025). 53 Figure 42: looking south along Pioneer Tower Trail from northern portion of Deer Ridge Drive (A.S.I. 2025). 54 J+ Page 23 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 18 Figure 43: Looking southeast along the Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. within the northwestern portion of the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., with Pioneer Memorial Tower visible in the distance (A.S.I. 2024). 55 Figure 44: Looking west across the Grand River from the Walter Bean Trail towards approximate location of proposed bridge (A.S.I. 2025). 55 Figure 45: Intersection of Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. with Lookout Lane, looking south from terminus of Lookout Lane (A.S.I. 2024). 56 Figure 46: Walter Bean Trail south of the Pioneer Memorial Tower, facing south within the Pioneer West Park C.H.L. The Grand River is to the right of the photo (A.S.I., 2024). 57 Figure 47: Looking southeast along the Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. on the west riverbank (A.S.I. 2025). 58 Figure 48: Location and direction of field review photos. 59 Figure 49: Approximate location and direction of views identified as heritage attributes in Section 3.0 (A.S.I. 2025 -I Figure 50: Alignment of proposed sewer in relation to the surrounding C.H.L.s and B.H.R.s (A.S.I. 2025). 88 Figure 51: Alignment of proposed bridge showing limits of construction for bridge supporting structures (R.V.A.). Additional bridge piers will be located within the Kitchener W.W.T.P. site, but those are not within the scope of this H.I.A. 89 Figure 52: Drone image showing proposed bridge alignment, with Pioneer Memorial Tower at left (R.V.A. 2024). 90 Figure 53: Truss configuration Option 1, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (R.V.A. 2024). 91 Figure 54: Truss configuration Option 2, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (R.V.A. 2024). 92 Figure 55: Truss configuration Option 3, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (R.V.A. 2024) 92 J+ Page 24 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 19 Figure 56: Truss configuration Option 4, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (R.V.A. 2024) 93 Figure 57: Rendering of bridge Option 4 with sky blue paint finish, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (DTAH 2025). 95 Figure 58: Rendering of bridge Option 4 with sky blue paint finish, looking east from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (DTAH 2025). 96 Figure 59: Rendering of bridge Option 4 with Corten finish, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (DTAH 2025) 97 Figure 60: Rendering of bridge Option 4 with Corten finish, looking east from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (DTAH 2025). 98 J+ Page 25 of 732 9 16.. 1 Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario 1.0 Introduction Page 20 Archaeological Services Inc. was contracted by the Region of Waterloo to conduct a Heritage Impact Assessment (H.I.A.) as part of the East Side Lands Trunk Sanitary Sewer Detailed Design. The Regional Municipality of Waterloo is anticipating significant population growth in the eastern part of Waterloo Region known as the East Side Lands (E.S.L.), which includes parts of Cambridge, Woolwich and Kitchener. To respond to this anticipated growth, the Region intends to construct a new trunk sanitary sewer known as the East Side Lands Trunk Sewer (E.S.L.T.S.). The Region completed a Schedule C Class Environmental Assessment (Class E.A.) study to determine the feasibility of sewer infrastructure in the E.S.L. This culminated in November 2018 as a published Environmental Study Report (E.S.R.) which fulfilled the requirements of phases 1 to 4 of the Schedule C Class E.A. process. The conclusion of the E.S.R. proposed the E.S.L.T.S., a Trunk Sewer servicing the E.S.L. through the City of Cambridge, City of Kitchener, Grand River Valley and terminating at the Kitchener Wastewater Treatment Plant (K.W.W.T.P.). The E.S.L.T.S. is proposed to be made up of open cut and micro -tunnelled construction sections as well as a section supported on a new service bridge crossing over the Grand River. The East Side Lands Trunk Sewer H.I.A. (Figure 1) addresses the followings cultural heritage landscapes (C.H.L.) and built heritage resources (B.H.R.$): • The Grand River; • The Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L.; • The Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower (300 Lookout Lane); • The Samuel Betzner Farmstead (300 Joseph Schoerg Crescent); • The Joseph Schoerg Farmstead (330 Joseph Schoerg Cresent); • The Pioneer Tower Road and Lookout Lane C.H.L.; and • The Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. All B.H.R.s and C.H.L.s are located in the City of Kitchener. All of these cultural heritage resources are the subject of this assessment. Page 26 of3 l Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 21 A Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment (C.H.R.A.) was completed by A.S.I. in 2017 regarding the East Side Lands Sanitary Servicing Class E.A. (Archaeological Services Inc, 2017). The C.H.R.A. recommended a H.I.A. for the above heritage resources. This report satisfies that recommendation. The subject heritage resources require a Heritage Impact Assessment to provide an assessment of how the proposed work will impact the heritage resources' cultural heritage value. The assessment of the subject property is being conducted in accordance with the following guiding documents: the Ontario Heritage Tool Kit (Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism, 2006a), the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada (Parks Canada, 2010), the Region of Waterloo's Regional Implementation Guideline for Cultural heritage Landscape Conservation (Region of Waterloo, 2013), the City of Kitchener's Heritage Impact Assessment- Terms of Reference (City of Kitchener, 2024), the City of Kitchener's Historic Pioneer Tower West Community Heritage Design Guidelines (City of Kitchener, 2003a), and the Layout and Landscape Plan for Huron Road Trail and Lookout Trail (Hilton Landmarks Inc., 1998). A number of the subject C.H.L.s and B.H.R.s have the potential to be impacted by the construction activities related to the construction of the trunk sewer and service bridge. The potential impacts are anticipated to relate to the construction of new infrastructure and potential vibration impacts during construction. Mitigation measures outlined in this report have been proposed to minimize these impacts and should be implemented as appropriate to the extent practicable. Page 27 of i3 l II I'._I,I 11 1-:'I rII I I-" I I I IIII I. I I I SII �o m ILII II I ILII III_ rl II111 X111 � I, I a�a p �u0lsaNd - 3 � m z - ? 0 0 0 a o 001 0 va N a � L Y m E O � u � o \ O o O > b00 Q p u y Q ¢ � N w O O o, Q� 00 N N m (6 a Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario 1.1 Description of Property Page 23 The subject C.H.L.s and B.H.R.s are centred on the Pioneer Tower West Park. The Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. is comprised primarily of public parkland and trails on the bank of the Grand River. The C.H.L. contains within it the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower, the Doon Pioneer Cemetery, the Samuel Betzner Farmstead, the Schoerg Farmstead and portions of the Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. Kuntz Park is also located within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., but is not being assessed as part of this H.I.A. The Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. is generally bounded by the Grand River to the west and south, by parkland to the east and by Joseph Schoerg Crescent and Pennsylvania Crescent to the north. The Grand River Corridor C.H.L. and the Pioneer Tower and Lookout Lane C.H.L. are located adjacent to the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. The former farmland encompassed by the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. was historically owned by Samuel Betzner, a Pennsylvanian -German pioneer in Waterloo Region. The farmstead on which he established his dwelling, known as the Samuel Betzner Farmstead, is located along the northern edge of the C.H.L. The farmstead consists of a farmhouse and driveshed, (on privately owned property) and the ruins of a barn (on City property). The Doon Pioneer Cemetery, which lies along the east bank of the Grand River, hosts the resting places of the Betzner family and other Pennsylvanian -German pioneer families of the nineteenth century. To the east of the Doon Pioneer Cemetery stands the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower, which was built in 1926 to commemorate the arrival of Pennsylvania -German pioneers to the Waterloo area between 1800 and 1803. The Tower has a concrete inner core and is clad in a fieldstone veneer. The tower is maintained by Parks Canada and is open to the public under their supervision at various times throughout the year. 1.2 Heritage Recognition The Grand River is designated as a Canadian Heritage River and is also identified as a regionally significant C.H.L. in the City of Kitchener's Cultural Heritage Landscapes (City of Kitchener, 2014). Page 29 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 24 The Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. is identified as a regionally significant C.H.L. in the City of Kitchener's Cultural Heritage Landscapes (City of Kitchener, 2014). The Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower is recognized as a Classified Federal Heritage Building (Parks Canada, 1992). The Samuel Betzner Farmstead at 300 Joseph Schoerg Crescent is designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act (City of Kitchener, 2003b). The Joseph Schoerg Farmstead at 330 Joseph Schoerg Crescent is designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act (City of Kitchener, 2003c). The Pioneer Tower Road and Lookout Lane C.H.L. is identified as a municipally significant C.H.L. in the City of Kitchener's Cultural Heritage Landscapes (City of Kitchener, 2014). The Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. is identified as a municipally significant C.H.L. in the City of Kitchener's Cultural Heritage Landscapes (City of Kitchener, 2014). 2.0 Description of Existing Condition A field review was undertaken by Laura Wickett and Becca Clark of Archaeological Services Inc., on 15 May 2024 to document the existing conditions of the subject C.H.L.s and B.H.R.s. Access to the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower was provided by Parks Canada staff. An additional field review was undertaken by Becca Clark on 27 February 2025 to document additional views. The tower was not accessed at this time. For organizational purposes, photographs depicting views of the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower from various C.H.L.s and B.H.R.s that have been identified as heritage attributes are consolidated and discussed within the existing conditions description for the tower itself (Section 2.3). However, these views are also associated with the C.H.L. or B.H.R. from which the tower is visible. The same is true for views from the tower looking towards the subject C.H.L.s and B.H.R.s. Views that have been identified as heritage attributes have Page 30 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 25 been assigned identification numbers. Section 3 includes comprehensive lists of views that have been identified as heritage attributes for each C.H.L. and B.H.R. and the views are mapped in Section 3.88. 2.1 Grand River The Grand River is a large, meandering river that winds through the southeastern area of Kitchener. In the vicinity of the proposed work, the river has both steep and shallow banks that host a variety of natural vegetation. The river is visible from the lookout platform of the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower and is accessible by foot within the southern part of the Pioneer Tower West C.H.L., where the riverbank is flat (Figure 2 and Figure 3). The Walter Bean Trail runs along the east riverbank within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. A portion of the Trans -Canada Trail known as the Water Treatment Trail runs along the west riverbank opposite the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. A portion of the Walter Bean Trail also runs along the west riverbank, west of the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant. These trails on both sides of the river are forested and do not offer clear views of the river (Figure 4) except for in select locations (Figure 5). Page 31 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 2: Looking northwest from the east bank of the Grand River within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. south of the Pioneer Memorial Tower towards the approximate location of the new service bridge (View 1) (A.S.I., 2024). Page 26 Page 32 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 3: Looking south from the east bank of the Grand River, within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. south of the Pioneer Memorial Tower (View 2) (A.S.I., 2024). Figure 4: Looking east along the Water Treatment Trail on the west side of the river with obscured view of the river at left (A.S.I. 2025). Page 27 Page 33 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 5: Looking northeast across the Grand River from the Water Treatment Trail on the west side of the river (View 3) (A.S.I. 2025). 2.2 Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. Page 28 The Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. is comprised primarily of public parkland located along the east bank of the Grand River that contains multiple large fields, a playground, a parking lot, the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower, portions of the Walter Bean Trail, the Samuel Betzner Farmstead, the Schoerg Farmstead (Figure 6 to Figure 11) and the Doon Pioneer Cemetery (Figure 12 to Figure 14) The landscape within the C.H.L. varies from flat, mowed grass areas in the north end of the park to naturalized green space in the south end that inclines gently towards the river. The river's edge is forested in most places, with a few clearings towards the south end of the C.H.L. The riverbank along the east side of the Grand River is steep in the northern part of the C.H.L. and flattens out in the south end of the C.H.L. as the river curves from north -south to east - west. Due to the steep and forested eastern bank of the river in the northern part of the C.H.L., there are few clear viewing points of the river. Page 34 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 6: Entrance to the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. from Lookout Lane, facing south (A.S.I., 2024). Figure 7: Facing west toward the parkland within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. (A.S.I., 2024). Page 29 Page 35 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 8: Looking northwest toward Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. and northwestern portion of Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform (A.S.I. 2024). Figure 9: Looking southeast toward Walter Bean Trail and southwestern portion of Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform (A.S.I. 2024). Page 30 Page 36 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 10: Samuel Betzner Farmstead (Google Streetview). Figure 11: Schoerg Farmhouse (A.S.I., 2024) 2.2.1 Doon Pioneer Cemetery Page 31 The Doon Pioneer Cemetery is a small nineteenth-century cemetery located within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L (Figure 12). The cemetery is situated close to the east bank of the Grand River and lies approximately 20 m west of Page 37 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 32 the Waterloo Memorial Pioneer Tower. Due to the height of the riverbank at this location, no view of the Grand River is afforded from within the cemetery, though the water treatment plant and trees on the opposite riverbank are partially visible (Figure 13). A fence comprised of concrete stanchions and chain define the perimeter of the cemetery, which is also surrounded by mature trees, including a number of lilac trees. The cemetery contains approximately 20 to 30 grave markers, some sunken into the ground and some remaining upright (Figure 14). Figure 12: Looking southeast toward the cemetery, with the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower at back left (A.S.I., 2024). Page 38 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 13: Looking west towards the cemetery, with the opposite riverbank visible in the background (A.S.I., 2024). Page 33 Page 39 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario 2.3 Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower Page 34 Constructed in 1926, the tower is 18.9 metres tall and constructed of cast -in- place concrete with a random -coursed fieldstone veneer, a classical limestone entrance portico, an open-air viewing platform at the top and a tapered copper roof (Figure 15 to Figure 17). The interior concrete core contains a wooden switchback staircase that leads to the viewing platform. Tall, narrow windows are interspersed throughout the tower. The vestibule at the top of the tower and the ceiling of the viewing platform are clad with painted wood slats. An iron railing lines the viewing platform for viewer safety. A number of cracks were observed in the concrete inner core (Figure 18 and Figure 19). The viewing platform overlooks the Pioneer Tower subdivision to the north, naturalized banks of the Grand River to the west and south, and the Samuel Betzner Farmstead to the east (Figure 20 to Figure 23). The nature of the topography and vegetation within the subject C.H.L.s surrounding the tower means that the tower is sometimes obscured from view depending on the vantage point, however, a number of clear viewing points of the tower were identified during fieldwork conducted in both the spring and winter seasons (Figure 24 to Figure 33). For views of the tower documented in the winter where trees are in front of the tower, only the rooftop of the tower will be visible in warmer months when the trees have full foliage. The tower is not visible from the eastern terminus of Huron Road on the west side of the Grand River (Figure 34). Page 40 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 15: Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower (A.S.I., 2024). Page 35 Page 41 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 16: The base of the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower, showing the limestone entrance and fieldstone veneer (A.S.I., 2024). Page 36 Page 42 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 17: Looking up at the interior stairs from the base of the tower (A.S.I., 2024). Page 37 Page 43 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario c � � Figure 18: Example of crack in concrete interior of tower (A.S.I., 2024). Page 38 Page 44 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 19 Example of crack in concrete interior of tower (A.S.I., 2024). Page 39 Page 45 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 20: Looking west across the Grand River from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform, towards the water treatment plant (A.S.I., 2024). Figure 21: Looking north from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform (A.S.I. 2024). Page 40 Page 46 of 732 k. "�. Figure 20: Looking west across the Grand River from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform, towards the water treatment plant (A.S.I., 2024). Figure 21: Looking north from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform (A.S.I. 2024). Page 40 Page 46 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 22: View looking south along the Grand River from the Pioneer Memorial Tower lookout platform (View 4) (A.S.I. 2024). Page 41 Page 47 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 23: View looking east from the Pioneer Memorial Tower, with the Betzner Farmstead visible at right (View 5) (A.S.I. 2024) Figure 24: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking south from within Kuntz Park (View 6)(A.S.I. 2025). Page 42 Page 48 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 25: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking southeast from Doon Pioneer Cemetery (View 7) (A.S.I., 2024). Figure 26: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking west from the Betzner barn ruins (View 8) (A.S.I. 2024). Page 43 Page 49 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 27: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking west from top of ridge along sidewalk across from 283 Joseph Schoerg Crescent (View 9) (A.S.I. 2025). Page 44 Page 50 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 28: Long-range view of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking south along Pioneer Tower Trail from northern portion of Deer Ridge Drive (View 10) (A.S.I. 2025). Figure 29: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking south along Lookout Lane (View 11) (A.S.I. 2024). Page 45 Page 51 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 30: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking southeast along northern portion of Walter Bean Trail, with riverbank at right (View 12) (A.S.I., 2024). Page 46 Page 52 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 31: Long-range view of Pioneer Memorial Tower and river corridor looking northwest from southern portion of the Walter Bean Trail within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. on east side of river (View 13) (A.S.I. 2025). Page 47 Figure 32: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking east from Water Treatment Trail along west side of river (View 14, Figure 32) (A.S.I. 2025). Page 53 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 33: View of Pioneer Memorial Tower looking north from trail along west side of river (View 15, Figure 33) (A.S.I. 2025). Figure 34: Obscured view looking east toward the Pioneer Memorial Tower from the eastern terminus of Huron Road on the west side of the Grand River (A.S.I. 2025). Page 48 Page 54 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario 2.4 Samuel Betzner Farmstead Page 49 The Samuel Betzner Farmstead consists of a c. 1830 farmhouse, driveshed, and the ruins of a barn (Figure 35, Figure 36 and Figure 37). A drystone wall borders the property around the farmhouse and driving shed on the north side and around the east and west corners. The property contains multiple mature trees and overlooks the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. to the south. The fieldstone foundation of the barn remains, with some alterations made for the safety of the public, as the barn is now a public site of historical interpretation by the City of Kitchener. While the farmstead is at the top of a ridge that provides long- range views across the river to the western side of the Grand River valley, the surrounding topography and vegetation prevent clear views of the river itself from the barn ruins. Figure 35: View of the farmhouse and drystone wall at the Samuel Betzner Farmstead (A.S.I., 2024). Page 55 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 36: Driveshed and drystone wall at the Samuel Betzner Farmstead (A.S.I., 2024). Figure 37: The ruins of the Samuel Betzner Farmstead barn and the parkland beyond (A.S.I., 2024). Page 50 Page 56 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario 2.5 Joseph Schoerg Farmstead Page 51 The Joseph Schoerg Farmstead consists of a c. 1830 farmhouse (Figure 38). The property contains a number of mature trees and overlooks the Pioneer Tower Natural Area to the southeast. The rubblestone foundation of a barn and part of a silo are located to the east of the farmhouse (Figure 39). Some alterations to these components have been made for the safety of the public, as the barn and silo are now a public site of historical interpretation by the City of Kitchener. While farmstead is at the top of a ridge that provides long-range views across the river to the western side of the Grand River valley, the surrounding topography and vegetation prevent clear views of the river itself from the barn ruins. Figure 38: The farmhouse at the Joseph Schoerg Farmstead (A.S.I., 2024). Page 57 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 39: Barn ruins and silo at the Joseph Schoerg Farmstead (A.S.I., 2024). Page 52 2.6 Pioneer Tower Road and Lookout Lane C.H.L. Pioneer Tower Road is a paved two-lane road that runs west -east from a dead- end east of the Grand River, terminates at the west side of Deer Ridge Road, and restarts after curving eastward from Pioneer Ridge Drive. Between these disconnected sections, following the same west -east alignment, is a paved pedestrian pathway. The section of the alignment that is within the C.H.L. stretches from the west side of the Grand River to Marquette Drive. Lookout Lane is a paved two-lane road that begins on the southern side of Deer Ridge Drive in the north and extends south toward Pioneer Tower West Park (Figure 40). The Pioneer Tower is visible along the entirety of the Lane (Figure 41). Lookout Lane runs parallel to a paved pedestrian pathway (Pioneer Tower Trail) that runs from the north end of Deer Ridge Drive to the northern edge of Pioneer Tower West Park (Figure 42), where it becomes a dirt pathway through the park. Lookout Lane is surrounded by properties that front on to Pennsylvania Crescent and Joseph Schoerg Crescent to the east and terminates in the south at Walter Bean Trail. Page 58 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 40: Looking north along Lookout Lane from Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L.(A.S.I., 2024). Figure 41: Looking south along Lookout Lane towards the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. (A.S.I., 2025). Page 53 Page 59 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 42: looking south along Pioneer Tower Trail from northern portion of Deer Ridge Drive (A.S.I. 2025). .7 Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. Page 54 The Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. is a recreational trail that runs along the east side of the Grand River through the northwestern portion of Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. (Figure 43). The trail runs along the east riverbank in the location of the proposed service bridge (Figure 44). This portion of the trail is gravel and it continues southeast past the Pioneer Memorial Tower, intersecting with Lookout Lane (Figure 45). The trail continues through the southern portion of the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. (Figure 46), however this section of the trail is not identified as part of the Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. (see Figure 1 for the boundaries of the C.H.L.). Another portion of the trail is located on the western bank of the Grand River, accessed from Huron Road and Wilson Avenue (Figure 47). This portion of the trail runs along the riverbank for a short stretch before turning further south behind the water treatment plant and away from the riverbank. Page 60 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 55 Figure 43: Looking southeast along the Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. within the northwestern portion of the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., with Pioneer Memorial Tower visible in the distance (A.S.I. 2024). Figure 44: Looking west across the Grand River from the Walter Bean Trail towards approximate location of proposed bridge (A.S.I. 2025). Page 61 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 45: Intersection of Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. with Lookout Lane, looking south from terminus of Lookout Lane (A.S.I. 2024). Page 56 Page 62 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 46: Walter Bean Trail south of the Pioneer Memorial Tower, facing south within the Pioneer West Park C.H.L. The Grand River is to the right of the photo (A.S.I., 2024). Page 57 Page 63 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Figure 47: Looking southeast along the Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. on the west riverbank (A.S.I. 2025). 2.8 Photo Location Map Page 58 Figure 48 below presents the location and direction of photos taken during field review. Page 64 of 732 p W s p o p¢ c - Z ¢ Q w u w Z z u N O 3 W N O p O m Q vt a 2 w Z a O R rc o um > p z 3$ ¢ = m 3 u 3 Z O O w H m w w ¢ F ry Y N e c Z 0 0 0 ° a a�i Rlm7 i oo aC a 3 a p ao o 0 0 a a Ili 0 0 Q 3 A) v 66 7 LL LO m a Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario 3.0 Statements of Cultural Heritage Value Page 60 The following section presents information about the cultural heritage value and heritage attributes of the subject cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resources, all of which have pre-existing heritage recognition. This information has been excerpted from sources including the City of Kitchener's Cultural Heritage Landscapes (City of Kitchener, 2014), heritage river nomination and inventory documents for the Grand River, and individual property designation documents. The heritage attributes identified in the above sources have been supplemented with additional heritage attributes identified by A.S.I during field review' and in consultation with City Heritage Planning staff, with a focus on identifying significant views. Figure 49 presents a map showing the location and direction of all views identified as heritage attributes. Due to the diversity of sources, the Statements of Cultural Heritage Value for each heritage resource do not all follow the same format or use identical terminology. However, the information below provides sufficient information about the resources' cultural heritage value and heritage attributes for the purposes of this assessment. 3.1 Grand River 3.1.1 Grand River National Heritage River The following is reproduced from the Grand River Canadian Heritage River Nomination Document (Ministry of Natural Resources, 1990): ' The identification of additional heritage attributes by A.S.I. was not conducted for the Schoerg and Betzner Farmsteads, as these properties are municipally designated and their designation by-laws contain their legally recognized heritage attributes. Page 66 of 732 , Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Human Heritage Values Page 61 The settlement of the Grand River Valley is of outstanding Canadian significance and can be described on the basis of four major themes, including: cultural mosaic, native people, industrial history, and human adaptation to the river. Cultural Mosaic In human terms, the Grand River Valley is outstanding for its ethnic or cultural mosaic, which encompasses, in an unusually comprehensive way, native people as well as most of the ethnic groups and peoples who have settled and lived in Canada as a whole, including more recent post -World War II migrants. The valley contains features and landscapes that reflect the attitudes, values, and effects of a wide variety of people, some of whom are still distinctive in the valley today. In the north are descendants of Scots, Irish, and English immigrants. This includes many Scots, in towns such as Guelph, whose presence represents some of the major means of European settlement in Canada, i.e. the land company, in this case, the Canada Land Company, and the entrepreneurs who purchased land blocks from it for sale to immigrants. In the central basin are Mennonites as well as descendants of German immigrants of various religious backgrounds. In the lower basin below Paris are descendants of United Empire Loyalists, including the native people who came from New York in the 1780s after the American Revolutionary War. Given the importance of the river's influence on the development of Canada and its strong association with events and movements, the first and second human heritage value guidelines appear to be met. Native People The native people reflect thousands of years of history that far surpass the roughly three centuries of European settlement in the area. The Grand River Valley is the site of Paleo-Indian tools and other artifacts from the big game hunting days, some 7,000 to 11,000 years ago. The archaeology of the valley also yields evidence of later Archaic hunting peoples (5000 B.C. to 1000 B.C.), fi Page 67 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario and finally the Woodland peoples who were originally hunters. The later Page 62 Woodland people developed crops, initially corn (circa 900 A.D.) and later also beans and squash. The Grand River Valley has been the home of the Six Nations and other native people and of the important native leader Joseph Brant and the famous Canadian poetess E. Pauline Johnson. The native people and the artifacts that remain of their ancient culture represent a significant historical theme in Canadian history and contribute towards the river's fulfillment of the second and fourth human heritage value guidelines. Industrial History The industrial heritage of the Grand River is apparent in almost every town along its banks, especially in places such as Elora, Fergus, Cambridge, Paris, and Brantford. Here can be seen outstanding concentrations of historical structures related to past and present industries, including early nineteenth-century grist mills and factories which are often used today for markets or for restaurants, as well as rare architecture, notably the cobblestone buildings of Paris. In the lower river valley from Brantford through York, Caledonia, Cayuga, and Dunnville, there remain old locks, canals, and other signs of the Grand River Navigation Company system, which linked the communities along the river with the Welland Canal, other Great Lakes ports, and the rest of North America and the world. William Hamilton Merritt, builder of the first Welland Canal, was one of the early entrepreneurs associated with these canals and commercial ventures. This diverse concentration of industrial heritage clearly meets the fourth human heritage value guideline. Human Adaptation to the River Another outstanding aspect of human heritage in the Grand River Valley is the story of human adaptation to floods, summer low flows, and other fluctuations of the river. Levees, breakwalls, gabions, and other engineering responses are apparent, as well as zoning, flood -proofing, and other behavioral responses. Examples of the problems with and enhancement of wildlife, sediment, and other natural features and processes as a result of human adaptations are to be fi Page 68 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario seen in the valley. Of interest also are attempts to marry flood and other Page 63 adaptations with heritage conservation and recreation, as for example with the "Living Levee" in Cambridge. This unique assemblage of structural and non- structural adjustments to river fluctuations fulfills the requirements of the fourth human heritage value guideline. Associated with each of the above themes are many unique historical sites which fulfill the third human heritage value guideline. These include Pioneer Memorial Tower, West Montrose Covered Bridge, Alexander Graham Bell Homestead, Her Majesty's Chapel of the Mohawks, and the Shand Dam. Integrity of Human Heritage The Grand River Valley also meets all of the following historical integrity guidelines: (1) "most of its regime should have the same visual appearance as it had during the period of the river's historical importance"; (2) "most of the artifacts comprising the values for which the river is nominated must be unimpaired by impoundments and human land uses"; (3) "neighboring land use must not seriously affect the historical experience offered by the river environment"; and (4) "the biophysical quality of the water must be suitable for non -contact recreation." Outstanding Human Heritage Features Associated with the River Identified for Kitchener -Waterloo • Centre of Pennsylvania -German and European • German settlement • Pioneer Memorial Tower • Homer Watson • West Montrose Covered Bridge Natural Heritage Values The Grand is not being nominated for natural reasons because it is a river that has been changed by weirs, dams, and other human constructs, so it does not fi Page 69 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 64 appear to conform with the Canadian Heritage Rivers System integrity guidelines for natural heritage. However, the Grand does have a rich diversity of birds and other animals, as well as valued Carolinian forests, wetlands, glacial, and other geological features, which are the basis for many of the excellent recreation opportunities along the river. 3.1.2 Grand River Corridor Cultural Heritage Landscape The following is reproduced from the City's Cultural Heritage Landscapes (City of Kitchener, 2014). See Appendix A for the full data sheet from that report. Description Few rivers in Canada have seen as much of the flow of history as the Grand River. First Nations have flourished in the watershed for more than 10,000 years. The last three centuries have brought an influx of European, American and other settlers, initially seeking agricultural land, but eventually diversifying into centres of industry with the arrival of the railway. Although the River provided sustenance to the early pioneers of the Kitchener area, it did not play the same role it did in other watershed communities where waterpower was the genesis of founding industries. Instead the River was probably perceived as more of an obstacle, restricting the flow of goods and services eastward and requiring substantial investment to connect Kitchener to its eastern and southern markets. The Grand and its tributaries drain approximately 6735 square kilometres (2600 square miles) and the combined watershed is the largest catchment basin in Southwestern Ontario. The Kitchener reaches of the Grand create the eastern boundary of the City. Along the eastern edge of Kitchener, the Grand cuts its way through an ancient glacial spillway and has alternating banks that range in height from a few metres to over 30 metres. The alluvial plains in which the River runs vary in width, from less than a kilometre to more than 2 kilometres and have been a source of an abundant supply of sands and gravels for many decades. The Grand River Forest, with its rare Carolinian species south of Kitchener, lines much of the shore in the southernmost reaches. This Forest changes to a mixed deciduous hardwood forest with black willow communities fi Page 70 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 65 lining the banks through the Kitchener reaches. The River is subject to occasional extreme flows and flooding. In 1954, Hurricane Hazel caused flows of more than 10 times normal levels. This resulted in significant changes to the landscape in the Bridgeport reach due to the construction of dikes and other flood control measures. The Kitchener reaches have been the location of a variety of settlements and other historical activities since the arrival of pioneer settlers beginning around 1800. The highlights of these activities include the following. In 1829, Jacob Shoemaker established Glasgow Mills at the mouth of Laurel Creek on the west bank of the River. At about the same time John Tyson settled on the east bank and called the settlement Bridgeport. The Bridgeport Bridge was built on Bridge Street in 1934, eight years after its sister bridge was constructed at Freeport. The bridge is a five -span reinforced concrete bowstring and is 126 metres long. Shoemaker's Ford & Wooden Bridge is located south of the current Bridgeport Bridge. It was used to connect the two sides of the early settlement of Bridgeport. The first wooden bridge at Shoemaker's Ford was constructed in 1847. The Grand Trunk Railway Bridge (at Breslau) embankments were started in 1854 and constructed over a period of 2 years. The abutments are made of limestone block. Two concrete piers in the river complete the span. The original bridge spans were constructed of wrought iron imported from England. The iron tube structure was replaced by steel girders in 1905. Other early fords along the Kitchener reaches included the Breslau Ford, the Zeller's Ford, and the Sam Bricker's Ford. Livergood's Ford was first called Reichert's Ford and later the Livergood's Ford, after Christian Reichert and George Livergood early local settlers. After the first permanent major bridge in Waterloo Township was erected here in 1820, the area became known as Toll Bridge (and later Bridgeville). Tolls came to an end in 1857 and the area was renamed Freeport in 1865. In 1880, the first iron bridge in Waterloo County was erected here. The existing Freeport Bridge is a seven span, six -pier, concrete bowstring arch. There was a lane or road from the Dundas Road in Preston to Freeport and beyond. This road was extended to the Grand River in the vicinity of the Pioneer Memorial Tower. Soon after 1800, Bechtel's Ford and later a wooden bridge were established from this road westward across the Grand River. On the western side, the bank was quite steep (over 30 metres in height), but the pioneers built the incline of the road from south to north up the steep bank and fi Page 71 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 66 gradually emerged on the Huron Road. About 1836, a wooden bridge was built across the Grand River at the Bechtel's Ford location and lasted until about 1857, when it was removed by an early spring flood. In 1994, the Grand River and its major tributaries, the Nith, Conestogo, Speed and Eramosa rivers, were designated as Canadian Heritage Rivers. It was the 15th Canadian Heritage River to be designated in Canada. Although the river has been much altered by its people, it still provides large natural areas and scenic views and is of outstanding recreational and educational value. Many decades of careful management have maintained these values even as the urban nature of the watershed grew. While use of the river has changed, the major recreational role it plays, and the well-preserved evidence of the cultures that were drawn to its banks, makes it worthy of its status as a Canadian Heritage River. Character Defining Features Well-defined river valley with alternating steep and shallow banks. Wonderful meandering river with significant vegetation communities and associated wildlife habitat. In addition to the Grand River Canadian Heritage River Nomination Document and the City's Cultural Heritage Landscapes document, the Heritage River Inventory - Grand River Watershed document (Grand River Conservation Authority, 2013) was reviewed to identify any additional heritage attributes of the River within the vicinity of the proposed work. The following additional heritage attributes were identified: • Schoerg Farmstead • Betzner Farmstead • Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower Additional Heritage Attributes Identified by A.S.I. During Fieldwork • Forested riverbanks • View along the Grand River looking northwest from the east bank of the river, south of the Pioneer Memorial Tower (View 1, Figure 2) fi Page 72 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 67 • View along the Grand River looking south from the east bank of the river, south of the Pioneer Memorial Tower (View 2, Figure 3) • View across the river from the Water Treatment Trail on the west side of the river (View 3, Figure 5) • Views to the south from the Waterloo Pioneer Tower lookout platform of the Grand River flood plain, the river corridor and Pinnacle Hill in the background. (View 4, Figure 22) • Long-range view of Pioneer Memorial Tower and Grand River corridor looking northwest from southern portion of Walter Bean Trail on east side of river (View 13, Figure 31) • Close -range view of the tower and Grand River looking from a select location along the Water Treatment Trail on the west side of the river (View 14, Figure 32) • Close -range view of the tower and Grand River looking north from a select location along the Water Treatment Trail on the west side of the river(View 15, Figure 33) 3.2 Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. The following is reproduced from the City's Cultural Heritage Landscapes (City of Kitchener, 2014). See Appendix A for the full data sheet for this C.H.L. from that report. Description of Property Built in 1926, Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower commemorates the arrival of the Pennsylvania -German pioneers to the Waterloo region between 1800 and 1803. The 18.9 metre high tower is located along the east bank of the Grand River within the City of Kitchener's boundary. It is accessed from Lookout Lane which originated at the Huron Road but which is now partially blocked although continuous in the alignment as a public walk. The tower's random -coursed fieldstone, tapered "Swiss" copper roof, and the Conestoga wagon weather vane reflect the German speaking European origin and farming lifestyle of these fi Page 73 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 68 early settlers. It has a simple well-proportioned profile, a tapered cylindrical shaft of random coursed fieldstone supporting a molded concrete cornice under a hexagonal gallery platform. Today, the Tower has much the same view to the south as it had when it was constructed and what could be seen from the early pioneer farmhouses to the east. The view includes the Grand River flood plain in the foreground, the river in the middle ground and Pinnacle Hill in the background. Protection of this view is critical to the purpose of the Tower and the heritage value of the area. Included as part of this cultural heritage landscape are the houses of the first settlers to the area. The Betzner and Schoerg farmhouses are located at the top of the same ridge line as the Pioneer Tower and feature largely unobstructed views to the Grand River Valley. The location continues to feature characteristics which originally influenced its settlement by Mennonite pioneers. These features include rich fertile soils, a mixture of dense forest, open meadows and proximity to water. In 1800, 66 hectares on the East bank of the Grand River within Block 2 of the former Six Nations Reserve were purchased by Samuel Betzner Sr. The Betzner Farmstead lands were adjacent to 105 hectares purchased by Joseph Schoerg, Samuel Betzner's son in law. Samuel Betzner Jr. would purchase 160 hectares on the west side of the Grand River in the same year. Together the Betzner and Schoerg families are believed to have established the first permanent settlements in inland Upper Canada, and are considered to be founding families of Waterloo County. Their contribution to the region is commemorated with the memorial tower. The Betzner Farmstead is an early example of the Mennonite Georgian style. Built circa 1830 by John Betzner, Samuel Betzner's son, the symmetrical proportions and basic architectural features in the home are clear examples of the Mennonite Georgian style. The drive shed, also built circa 1830, is an early example of utilitarian construction on a pioneer farmstead. The City has invested considerable resources in the interpretive programme of the area with the retention of the pioneer barn footprints and creating appropriate settings for the Betzner and Schoerg family homesteads. The Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower is a Classified Federal Heritage Building. The designation is confined to the footprint of the structure. The tower represents the theme of fi Page 74 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 69 the commemoration of ethnic German pioneer settlers in Ontario and is also a very good early example of a regional commemorative structure. This structure is a visible symbol of the rise of German -Canadian nationalism during the 1920s, which resulted from anti -German sentiment, and cultural sanctions imposed on the community during the First World War. The Pioneer Memorial Tower site also features a small cemetery where several founding Mennonite pioneer family members are buried. The Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower is a very good example of a well -scaled design of simply detailed construction with a picturesque aesthetic. The tower shows excellent quality of craftsmanship and materials as evidenced by the cut fieldstone, and by the work on the tower's entrance and observation deck. The tower is a landmark to both residents and tourists by virtue of its prominent site in the Grand River Valley and its visibility from several viewing points on both sides of the river. Character Defining Features The Tower and the two farmstead S2; the location on the east bank of the Grand River; its access via Lookout Lane which is associated with the original Huron Road; random coursed fieldstone; tapered "Swiss" copper roof the Conestoga wagon weather vane; the Tower's simple well-proportioned profile consisting of a tapered cylindrical shaft supporting a molded concrete cornice under a hexagonal gallery platform; views to the south from the tower including the Grand River flood plain, the river corridor and Pinnacle Hill in the background. Additional Heritage Attributes Identified by A.S.I. During Fieldworkth Doon Pioneer Cemetery, including: • Cemetery size and shape • Grave markers and plots • Concrete post fence around perimeter of cemetery 2 It is presumed that the two farmsteads are the Betzner farmstead and the Schoerg farmstead, including the barn and silo ruins. fi Page 75 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 70 • Plantings around perimeter of cemetery • Location along the east bank of Grand River in proximity to Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower Views of the Waterloo Memorial Pioneer Tower from the following locations: • Looking west toward the tower from the Betzner barn ruins at 300 Joseph Schoerg Crescent (View 7, Figure 26) • Looking west toward the tower from atop the ridge along the sidewalk across from 283 Joseph Schoerg Crescent (View 8, Figure 27) • Clear views of the tower from anywhere within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. (for example, View 6, Figure 24 looking south from within Kuntz Park) • Looking southeast from Doon Pioneer Cemetery (View 7, Figure 25) • Long-range view of tower looking northwest from southern portion of Walter Bean Trail on east side of river (View 13, Figure 31) fi Page 76 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario 33 Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower Page 71 The following is reproduced from Park's Canada's Directory of Federal Heritage Designations (Parks Canada, 1992). Description of Historic Place Built in 1926, Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower commemorates the arrival of the Pennsylvania -German pioneers to the Waterloo region between 1800 and 1803. The 18.9 metre -high tower is located along the banks of the Grand River in Waterloo Regional Municipality, Ontario. The tower's random -coursed fieldstone, tapered "Swiss" copper roof, and the Conestoga wagon weather vane reflect the German speaking European origin and farming lifestyle of these early settlers. It has a simple well-proportioned profile, a tapered cylindrical shaft of random coursed fieldstone supporting a moulded concrete cornice under a hexagonal gallery platform. The designation is confined to the footprint of the building. Heritage Value The Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower is a Classified Federal Heritage Building because of its historical associations, and its architectural and environmental values. Historical Value: The tower represents the theme of the commemoration of ethnic German pioneer settlers in Ontario and is also a very good early example of a regional commemorative structure. This building is visible symbol of the rise of German - Canadian nationalism during the 1920s, which resulted from anti -German sentiment, and cultural sanctions imposed on the community during the First World War. The tower was an opportunity for German -Canadians to express their historical contribution and loyalty to Canada in the form of German - Canadian nationalism as well as a method for the community to re-establish its self worth. The Pioneer Memorial Tower is also associated with W.H. Breithaupt, fi Page 77 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 72 a prominent engineering consultant in Kitchener (previously named Berlin), who has been recognized as the initiator of the scheme. Architectural Value: The Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower is a very good example of a well -scaled design of simply detailed construction with a picturesque aesthetic. The tower shows excellent quality of craftsmanship and materials as evidenced by the cut fieldstone, and by the work on the tower's entrance and observation deck. Environmental Value: The Pioneer Memorial Tower was erected near the earliest focus of Pennsylvanian -German settlement. The tower stands in a grassed area enclosed by a locked fence. The property also contains a small pioneer cemetery. The area surrounding the tower is mixed agricultural and urban development with wooded areas on the west shore of the river. The tower is a landmark to both residents and tourists by virtue of its prominence and significance. Character -Defining Elements The character -defining elements of the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower should be respected. Its very good aesthetic and functional designs, and excellent quality of craftsmanship and materials, such as: the building's form and massing which consists of a tall slightly tapered cylindrical tower clad in multi -coloured and textured local fieldstone; the building's sturdy construction of self -standing exterior wall with concrete inner core; the building's clean lines and subtle ornamentation and picturesque silhouette; the steeply pitched "Swiss -style" roof sheathed in copper; the decorative ironwork placed around the exterior of the platform; the six stone corbels decorating the moulded concrete cornice; the original glazed windows of the tower, with limestone lintels and plain lug sills; the front portico and entrance, framed by a cut limestone lintel of classical design; the Conestoga wagon weather vane. fi Page 78 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 73 The manner in which the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower is compatible with the picturesque setting of Waterloo Regional Municipality and is a symbol of the region, as evidenced by: its overall scale, design and materials that harmonize with its mixed agricultural and urban setting. its role as a memorial to the early German settlers of Ontario, which makes it a symbol of the region and well- known to residents and visitors. Additional Heritage Attributes Identified by A.S.I. During Fieldwork Views from the Lookout Platform of the Waterloo Memorial Pioneer Tower: • Views to the south from the Waterloo Pioneer Tower lookout platform of the Grand River flood plain, the river corridor and Pinnacle Hill in the background. (View 4, Figure 22) • Looking east towards the Betzner Farmstead (View 5, Figure 23) Views of the Waterloo Memorial Pioneer Tower from the following locations :3 • Clear views of the tower from anywhere within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. (for example, View 6, Figure 24, looking south from within Kuntz Park) • Looking southeast toward the tower from Doon Pioneer Cemetery (View 7, Figure 25) • Looking west toward the tower from the Betzner barn ruins at 300 Joseph Schoerg Crescent (View 8, Figure 26) • Looking west toward the tower from atop the ridge along the sidewalk across from 283 Joseph Schoerg Crescent (View 9, Figure 27) Long-range view of tower looking south along Pioneer Tower Trail from as far north as the northern portion of Deer Ridge Drive (View 10, I Views looking west and north from the tower's viewing platform were not identified as heritage attributes as these views have been substantially altered by the construction of a water treatment plant and housing subdivisions. fi Page 79 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 74 • Figure 28) • Looking south toward the tower along Lookout Lane from Deer Ridge Drive to Lookout Lane's southern terminus (View 11, Figure 29) • Looking southeast toward the tower along northern portion of Walter Bean Trail, along east riverbank (View 12, Figure 30) • Long-range view of tower and Grand River corridor looking northwest from southern portion of Walter Bean Trail on east side of river (View 13, Figure 31) • Close -range view of the tower and Grand River looking east from a select location along the Water Treatment Trail on the west side of the river (View 14, Figure 32) • Close -range view of the tower and Grand River looking north from a select location along the Water Treatment Trail on the west side of the river (View 15, Figure 33) 3.4 Samuel Betzner Farmstead The following is reproduced from Reasons for Designation - 437 Pioneer Tower Road (City of Kitchener, 2003b). Historically, the property is part of the earliest (Spring 1800) inland non-native settlement of what would become Waterloo County. Samuel Betzner Sr. purchased 150 acres of Lot 12 from Richard Beasley to be close to his family. Betzner Sr. was 62 years of age when he and his wife (Maria Detweiler) migrated from Pennsylvania and settled on the land. In 1806, the year his wife Maria died, Samuel Betzner Sr. sold the farm to his youngest son John. The existing farmhouse and driveshed buildings are attributed to having been built by John Betzner, c. 1830. Heritage Attributes The built resources and land on which 437 Pioneer Tower Road is located and its 4 The address has since been changed to 300 Joseph Schoerg Crescent. fi Page 80 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 75 historic association with the founding families of Waterloo County are also of cultural heritage significance. The landscape, which includes unobstructed views to the Grand River (designated a Canadian Heritage River) still boasts many features which originally influenced its settlement including rich fertile soils, a mixture of dense forest and open meadows and proximity to water. Architecturally, the Betzner farmhouse serves as an example of a Mennonite Georgian residence. Of significance are the symmetrical proportions and base architectural features that identify the farmhouse as a Mennonite Georgian structure. Specific features of significance on the driveshed include all building elevations; the fieldstone foundation; roof and roofline; window and door openings; door hardware on north and west elevations; and the 6/6 windows. 3.5 Joseph Schoerg Farmstead The following is reproduced from Reasons for Designation —381 Pioneer Tower Road' (City of Kitchener, 2003c). Historically, the property is part of the earliest (Spring 1800) inland non-native settlement of what would become Waterloo County. The existing farmhouse was built c. 1830 by David Sherk who was born September 7, 1801 and who was reportedly the first non-native child born in Waterloo County. David Sherk would become a deacon and in 1838 ordained to the ministry. He was the son of Joseph Schoerg, who together with Samuel Betzner were the first Pennsylvania Mennonite pioneers to settle in Waterloo County. Architecturally, the farmhouse serves as an excellent example of a Mennonite Georgian residence. Specific features to be designated include: all exterior elevations including the rear summer kitchen annex with two storey verandah and square posts and ballusters, but excluding the west gable end chimney; single bay pedimented stoop entrance with turned posts and side benches; all window openings, windows and sills including 6/6 double hung sash and storm, and 6 pane end lights and twin light cellar sashes; door and door openings including front entrance paneled door with 5 pane transom and 3 pane sidelights, kitchen annex entrance paneled door with twin gothic windows, but 5 The address has since been changed to 330 Joseph Schoerg Crescent. fi Page 81 of 732 y I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 76 excluding the door opening on the south (rear) elevation; roof and roofline including wooden moulded frieze and return eaves. 3.6 Pioneer Tower Road and Lookout Lane C.H.L. Description of Property The following is reproduced from the City's Cultural Heritage Landscapes (City of Kitchener, 2014). See Appendix A for the full data sheet for this C.H.L. from that report. Pioneer Tower Road and Trail extends from Baxter Drive near King Street East (Highway 8) to the top of the Grand River Valley bank, terminating in the Deer Ridge Golf Course. Historically, the Right of Way was used by the earliest non- native settlers to establish the first farm settlements in inland Upper Canada (1800), in the low lying lands along the east side of the Grand River. Pioneer Tower Road and Trail Right of Way then became part of the Huron Road (1828), linking the Canada Company headquarters in Guelph with the Huron Tract and the Town of Goderich. The road travelled down to the river's edge through the existing golf course, where Bechtel's Ford was used to access the west side of the river. A wooden bridge was constructed in 1836 to facilitate access across the river for the flow of immigrants to the Huron Tract. The bridge was washed out in the spring of 1857 and never rebuilt. Today, the road and trail provides continuous pedestrian access over its length but is discontinuous for vehicular access between Pioneer Ridge Drive and Fall Harvest Drive. A portion of the road and trail, between Marquette Drive and the Grand River is designated a Scenic Heritage Road in the Official Plan, in recognition of its historic alignment. Pioneer Tower Road is flanked by residential development; Pioneer Sportsman Club; Pioneer Camping Club; Deer Ridge Golf Course Maintenance Yard; an equestrian farm; Settlers Grove park; and service and retail developments. Lookout Lane T's into Pioneer Tower Road and was the original access to the Pioneer Memorial Tower and Cemetery Site (a National Historic Site) and remnants of the original Schoerg Family Homestead (now 330 Joseph Schoerg Crescent) and Betzner Family Homestead (now 300 Joseph Schoerg Crescent), both designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act. Page 82 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Character Defining Features Page 77 Character defining features include: the alignment of the road; the association of the road with the former fords across the Grand River; and the adjacent heritage sites including the Pioneer Tower, the Schoerg Family Homestead and the Betzner Family Homestead. Additional Heritage Attributes Identified by A.S.I. During Fieldwork and in Consultation with the City of Kitchener • Rural cross-section • Tar and chip road surface Views of the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower from the following locations: • Long-range view of tower looking south along Pioneer Tower Trail from as far north as the northern portion of Deer Ridge Drive (View 10, Figure 28) • Long-range view of tower looking south along Lookout Lane from Deer Ridge Drive to Lookout Lane's southern terminus (View 11, Figure 29) 3.7 Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. Description of Property The following is reproduced from the City's Cultural Heritage Landscapes (City of Kitchener, 2014). See Appendix A for the full data sheet from that report. When complete, the Walter Bean Trail will link West Montrose in the north to the Town of Blair, just south of Highway 401. It will extend along 78 km of the 290 -km length of the Grand River basin. The trail alignment parallels the Grand River on its west bank, and rises and falls with the variable height of valley walls. Its position in the valley provides spectacular panoramic views along and across the river valley. The trail is generally paved with limestone screenings with strategic asphalted sections where slopes are steep or where there is high traffic. The trail is serviced by trail heads where there is parking, seating areas, and way -finding and interpretive signage. To fully appreciate the significance of Page 83 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 78 the trail it is important to understand something of the person after which the trail has been named. Walter Bean was a business and community leader who believed in contributing to the welfare of area residents. He championed the vision of a public hiking trail along the Grand River. As Honourary Chair of The Kitchener and Waterloo Community Foundation, Walter challenged the Foundation to increase public accessibility to the river by building a trail along its length within the Regional Municipality of Waterloo. Following Walter's death, his many friends took up his challenge and in 1998 formed The Walter Bean Grand River Community Trails Foundation. To make his vision a reality, this non- profit fundraising corporation has partnered with the cities of Cambridge, Kitchener, Waterloo and the Township of Woolwich to build and maintain a recreational trail. Along its way, it will connect with many local municipal trails and the Trans Canada Trail. Philanthropist, military hero and prominent Canadian business leader, Walter Bean was one of this area's most distinguished citizens. Born in Berlin (now Kitchener), he graduated from Kitchener -Waterloo Collegiate & Vocational School and the University of Toronto, where he played junior hockey and in 1929 was selected for the Canadian All-Star Football Team. In 1930 Walter Bean joined the Waterloo Trust and Savings Company, advancing to treasurer in 1934, general manager in 1957, and president in 1964. After the merger of Waterloo Trust with Canada Trust, he became Deputy Chair of Canada Trust until his retirement in 1978. Walter Bean served with distinction in the Second World War, in North Africa, Europe and the Pacific. Retiring from active service with the rank of Brigadier -General, he was named a Commander of the British Empire. From 1966 to 1972 he was Honourary Colonel of the Highland Fusiliers of Canada. Walter's numerous public positions included membership on the University of Waterloo Board of Governors, President of the Kitchener United Way, and Governor and Honourary Treasurer of the Stratford Festival. Perhaps his most significant role was that of creator and founding Chair of The Kitchener and Waterloo Community Foundation in 1984. Walter's modest and unassuming manner motivated others to continue his good public works, especially his challenge to create a river trail. It is fitting that the Trail bears the name of this remarkably accomplished, generous, community minded person. It would please Walter to see the co-operative spirit of community in building this legacy. Page 84 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Character Defining Features Page 79 The features of the trail include: a link from West Montrose in the north to the Town of Blair; an alignment which parallels the Grand River on its west bank, and rises and falls with the variable height of valley walls; a position in the valley that will provide spectacular panoramic views along and across the river valley; its pavement with limestone screenings; and, service sites including trail heads, parking, seating areas, and way -finding and interpretive signage. Additional Heritage Attributes Identified by A.S.I. During Fieldwork • Vegetation lining the trail Views of the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower from the following locations:' • Looking southeast toward the tower along northern portion of Walter Bean Trail (View 12, Figure 30) 3.8 Location of Views Identified as Heritage Attributes Figure 49 below presents the approximate location and direction of views identified as heritage attributes in Section 3.0, relative to the proposed sewer alignment. ' View 13, the long-range view of Pioneer Memorial Tower and river corridor looking northwest from southern portion of the Walter Bean Trail within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. on east side of river, has not been included as a heritage attribute of the Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. because this portion of the trail is not included within the City's boundaries for the C.H.L. However this view is included as a heritage attribute of the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower, the Grand River Corridor C.H.L. and the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L. Page 85 of 732 c s:. E II I X111 .. L Ln N O N Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario 4.0 Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower Construction Methods, Materials and Condition This section presents a description of the methods and materials used to construct the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower and the condition of the Page 81 structure and materials. This research is intended to inform any necessary conditions assessments and/or vibration studies to be completed by other technical disciplines. The information below is based on the following: • Archival research conducted at the Kitchener Public Library, specifically: o Fond MC.113: Waterloo Pioneers Memorial Tower Collection: documents include correspondence, bills, tablet information, sketches and blueprints, and other miscellaneous items o Fond MC.55: Pioneer Memorial Tower (boon, Ont.) Collection: documents include newspapers, correspondence, plans, and drawings • Design Brief for the Recapitalization of Pioneer Tower (Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2000) • Pioneer Tower Investigation (UMA Engineering Ltd. & Martin Weaver Conservation Consultant Inc., 1996) • Email communication with John MacLeod, Acting Superintendent, National Historic Sites, Southwestern Ontario Field Unit, Parks Canada Appendix B contains the Design Brief and Pioneer Tower Investigation. Appendix C contains technical drawings of the tower completed in 1995 and 1997. The tower was built between 1925-26 and designed by Toronto-based architect William Alexander Langton (1854-1933) (Armstrong -Reynolds, 1989; Hayes, 1997). The foundation, stonework, and open-air gallery (viewing platform) were constructed by John Fox of Galt (1878-1967). Galt city directories identify Fox as a stonemason, machinist, bricklayer, and core maker for Babcock and Wilcox Page 87 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Company. The copper roof was installed by the William Knell Company of Kitchener (Armstrong -Reynolds, 1989). Page 82 From its foundation to its roof peak, the tower measures 20.7 metres. The tower is built on an octagonal cement foundation measuring 4.57 metres in diameter and 1.52 metres deep (Armstrong -Reynolds, 1989; Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2000). The tower has an un -reinforced concrete inner core (except for some rebar around the windows) and an exterior fieldstone veneer. The fieldstone veneer rises 11.27 metres from the cement foundation to the base of the observation deck (Armstrong -Reynolds, 1989). The tower tapers from 4.27 metres at the base to 3.66 metres at the gallery platform. The walls are 0.76 metres thick at the base and 0.48 metres thick at the top (Armstrong -Reynolds, 1989; Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2000). The inner diameter of the tower is 2.74 metres throughout. The entrance portico has a classical design and is framed by Indiana limestone. (Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2000). Four glazed divided -light windows are asymmetrically placed within the tower to provide light into the interior, and each window "has a shaped limestone lintel with a plain lug sill" (Armstrong -Reynolds, 1989). As of the May 2024 site visit, what appear to be the original glazed windowpanes were still in place. The shank top is decorated by a moulded concrete cornice interspersed by six stone corbels. The hexagonal gallery deck is constructed of reinforced concrete and was originally covered with oak flooring (since replaced with concrete). A narrow wooden staircase inside the tower leads up to the deck. Decorative iron work had been placed around the exterior of the gallery platform for visitor safety. The tower features a Swiss style steeply -pitched copper roof and has a decorative weathervane on top. Condition of Concrete Core and Fieldstone Veneer (as of 2000 Design Brief) The Design Brief notes that the tower's field stone exterior and concrete interior was "sufficient to stand by itself and retain form." However. this stvle and form is "an unusual construction method" by late -twentieth century standards "and Page 88 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 83 must be kept in mind when evaluating the technical issues involved with the core". Concrete in the tower is believed to have a compressive strength of at least 2,000 P.S.I. (16.7 MPa) (UMA Engineering Ltd. & Martin Weaver Conservation Consultant Inc., 1996). The following excerpts from the Design Brief discuss the condition of the concrete core and fieldstone veneer: "The structural analysis completed by U.M.A. Engineering Ltd. in 1996 indicated that the Tower was not highly stressed in its current configuration. They state that existing cracks as of 2000 are probably caused by initial shrinkage and/or by thermal expansion and contraction movements over long periods of time. U.M.A.'s hypothesis is that a high incidence of soluble salts in the concrete is responsible for the deterioration of the core's surface. These salts fill the air voids where there is evaporation at the interior surface of the concrete and eliminate any freeze -thaw protection the air voids provide. They also suggest that the salts may be attacking the hydrated cement in the concrete mix. U.M.A. also commissioned an Impact -Echo test which allows for the non-destructive analysis of the inner core conditions. This test indicated "that there is considerable fracturing within the concrete shell, particularly in its lower section where there is a substantial reduction in the thickness of sound concrete." The Impact -Echo test was unfortunately only conducted on the interior of the Tower. The bulge on the north east face mentioned by U.M.A. is difficult to discern and does not seem to have had any negative structural consequences. There are a variety of issues involved with respect to the delamination of the inside concrete core of the Tower. These include: high incidence of soluble salts, the water or moisture infiltration and ultimately the mortar Page 89 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario condition on the exterior and the stone veneer separation from the concrete core. Page 84 The mortar on the tower is generally sound, but with hairline to 1 mm wide separations around each field stone unit. A mortar analysis conducted by Cornerstone indicates the mortar has a high compressive strength and absorption rate" (Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2000). The 2000 Design Brief recommended the following investigations and repair for the concrete inner core and fieldstone veneer: 1. Impact -echo testing be performed on the interior and exterior surfaces of the tower to identify the existence, location and magnitude of any voids within the wall. This would allow comparison with the test done in 1996 and determine if fracturing is increasing. It will also assist in determining if any separation has taken place between the field stone veneer and the concrete core and to plan a grouting program, if required. 2. Temperature, humidity and electrical resistance monitoring devices be installed within the concrete core of the Tower along with the recording and analysis of results for a 24 month period. To install these monitoring devices twelve holes will have to be drilled at a diameter of 0.63". This investigation will assist in determining: a) existing conditions to serve as a basis for comparison; b) the 'direction' that the moisture within the concrete core is 'travelling;' c) following the repointing proposed at the beginning of the second year, the data will establish the extent to which the repointing was effective in reducing the moisture content in the concrete core. 3. The entire surface of the field stone veneer be repointed with a compatible heritage mortar that has a non -shrinkage additive. The Page 90 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 85 results of the Impact -echo test will help determine if a grouting program and/or installation of Helifix anchors is necessary 4. A thorough analysis of the composition of the concrete be performed to verify UMA findings. If the concrete does prove to have excessive amounts of sulfides, then proceed with poulticing to desalinate the concrete core, should it be found necessary or advantageous at the end of the investigation stage 5. Hydro electric service and exhaust fans be installed in the Tower in order to eliminate, or significantly reduce, the extremely high moisture and humidity levels within the tower and especially within the concrete core of the tower. It has not been determined that this work shall, in fact be required. However, there is a strong likelihood that it would assist greatly. As of June 2024, no investigations or repairs as recommended in the Design Brief have yet been undertaken (email communication with John MacLeod of Parks Canada on 13 June 2024). Timeline of Repairs as Described in the Design Brief: 1990 • Minor pointing done to bottom two-thirds of tower where required using sand, cement and latex bonding agent. • Reset some stones that had previously fallen out. • Five telltales were installed on Nov. 6, 1990 on two lateral cracks and 8 more were installed on Nov. 8, 1990. • Epoxy injection of two opened up cracks using a pliable material. • Air blasted entire inner wall surface in preparation for sealant. • Sealed inside of tower with two applications of Hydroxo Double 7 (Design Brief notes that this product has since failed). Page 91 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 86 • A few large openings around the new door frame were mortared prior to spraying the sealant. • A thin coat of cement was applied over the cracks in the exterior door threshold to prevent water from freezing in them during the winter. 1992 • Further re -pointing of the outer stonework. • Drainhole installed at the bottom of the Tower. ME • Metal windows repaired • Concrete observation deck surface and edge repaired and sealed • Sandstone corbel stabilization with 'Cintec Anchor System' • Roof joist ends capped to prevent further deterioration • Metal support straps installed between each post and bracket 5.0 Description and Purpose of Proposed Activity The Region of Waterloo is anticipating significant population growth in the eastern part of Waterloo Region known as the East Side Lands (E.S.L.), which includes parts of Cambridge, Woolwich and Kitchener. To respond to this anticipated growth, the Region intends to construct a new trunk sanitary sewer known as the East Side Lands Trunk Sewer (E.S.L.T.S.). Figure 50 below shows the proposed sewer alignment in relation to the surrounding cultural heritage landscapes (C.H.L.$) and built heritage resources (B.H.R.$). Archaeological Services Inc. (A.S.I.) has reviewed the East Side Gravity Trunk Sewer (Kitchener): Detailed Design and Services During Construction -30% Design Report dated November 13, 2024 (R.V. Anderson Associates Ltd., 2024). Page 92 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario 30% drawings are presented in Appendix D. The proposed sewer has the following main sections: Page 87 • An approximately 3.3 kilometer -long underground section that begins at Intermarket Road in the City of Cambridge near an existing sewage pumping station, runs through the Pioneer Tower Road and Lookout Lane C.H.L. and terminates in an underground section in Kuntz Park in the City of Kitchener, within the Pioneer Tower West C.H.L. The section of the underground sewer within the Pioneer Tower Road and Lookout Lane C.H.L. will be constructed using the open -cut method, with the exception of micro -tunnelling construction starting where Pioneer Tower Trail turns 90 degrees from north to east and running along the eastern portion of Pioneer Tower Trail and Pioneer Tower Road. The methodology of pipe construction will be reviewed by R.V.A. and may be revised during detailed design. • An approximately 500 metre -long aboveground section on a new service bridge to be constructed crossing the Grand River southwest of the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., the Grand River Corridor C.H.L. and the Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. The eastern end of the bridge will terminate adjacent to the west side of the Walter Bean Trail. The construction of the bridge will require cutting into the east riverbank. Note to Draft: This H.I.A. will be updated with a discussion of the cut required in the east riverbank following the completion of the 60% Design Report. • An approximately 75 metre -long section that connects to the existing wastewater treatment plant influent channel (referred to as the influent flume), located on the west side of the Grand River, adjacent to the Grand River C.H.L. Note to Draft: This H.I.A. will be updated with a discussion of tree removal and construction phasing following the completion of the 60% Design Report. Figure 51 shows the proposed limits of construction for the bridge supporting structures. Figure 52 shows an aerial image of the proposed bridge alignment. Page 93 of 732 i - p Q Z N z � W Sy z Wa a Y 3P1ti03901N 113, tR ui�1N305�SU`9y �r 3 Wj. � r4 SEP E ,• KUj ERF"p'6E�r Or O �' 1 '• $ p T��NE U • . i7/EOQK�• Z 4iN�, �► ?� SCENT .� r� • � lC� >. W• • u � p � �. jpr�, 1 COVFT. I . o 1 / 1 i Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 89 * I r y Bridge Crossing 00 0 Legend Proposed Trunk Sewer/Bridge Alignment Bridge supporting structures limit of construction 0 50 100 200 300 400 Meters E Figure 51: Alignment of proposed bridge showing limits of construction for bridge supporting structures (R.V.A.). Additional bridge piers will be located within the Kitchener W.W.T.P. site, but those are not within the scope of this H.I.A. Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario 4P Page 90 Figure 52: Drone image showing proposed bridge alignment, with Pioneer Memorial Tower at left (R.V.A. 2024). A steel truss bridge structure is proposed to carry the sewer over the Grand River, through the water treatment facility and then connects to a drop structure which is connected to the existing influent channel. The sewer will be supported on a 12 -span truss bridge. The bridge will be 5 metres lower than the plateau on the east side of the riverbank. As the bridge services a gravity sewer, the height of the bridge cannot shift up or down. The spans of the bridge are 75 metres long for the span over the river and 15 to 50 metres long for the remaining spans. The substructure for the bridge will be cast -in-place concrete. The superstructure of the bridge will be made of prefabricated steel trusses. Four truss configuration options for the three spans of the bridge crossing the Grand River were developed for the 30% Design Report (Figure 53 to Figure 56). Option 4 has been selected by the project team as the preferred option for the trunk sewer bridge. The preferred option has V-shaped supports and was inspired by some of the previous truss bridges over the Grand River. The V- shaped supports allow for lower piers than the other three options, which Aii Page 96 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 91 reduces the perceived scale of the bridge from the vantage point of a pedestrian along the river. The bridge will not provide pedestrian or vehicular access; however, it will have a maintenance walkway on either side of the sewer pipe. Figure 53: Truss configuration Option 1, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (R.V.A. 2024). Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario F Page 92 Figure 54: Truss configuration Option 2, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (R.V.A. 2024). .�� . tir.: Figure 55: Truss configuration Option 3, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (R.V.A. 2024) Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 93 Figure 56: Truss configuration Option 4, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (R.V.A. 2024) Bridge Design Considerations The bridge is being designed by D.T.A.H., an Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design firm with experience designing bridges in heritage contexts. The bridge architect reviewed historical bridges crossing the Grand River to inform the design (see Appendix Q. There are numerous historical industrial bridges over the Grand and many are truss bridges. The proposed truss bridge has an elegant, minimal design with clean, continuous lines, and slender members to emphasize visual lightness. The space between the members provides a visual permeability through the structure, lending it a lightness in the landscape. The design also references the tradition of truss bridges over the Grand River, while being distinguishable as a contemporary bridge. The 30% bridge design has been designed to suit its context on the Grand River, with a beautiful natural setting (sky, trees and water with reflections), the riverside trail system and surrounding area, including the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower. Given this particular context, the three spans of the bridge x I Page 99 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 94 over the Grand River and its supporting piers have been aesthetically enhanced beyond what would be designed for a typical utility bridge. A.S.I. has worked with R.V.A., D.T.A.H. and the Region to develop two finish options for the three spans of the bridge's superstructure over the Grand River. For both options, the finish for the maintenance walkway and railings will be plain galvanized steel and the sewer pipe itself will be plain galvanized steel or a neutral colour finish. Finish Option 1 has been selected as the preferred option by the project team. Finish Option 1— Pale blue paint (Figure 57 and Figure 58) This option features galvanized steel primary truss members with a premium paint finish in a light sky blue colour and secondary truss members in a galvanized steel or white paint finish. The pale blue paint finish option with steel or white accents enhances the visual lightness of the bridge by blending into the sky. The coloured finish also provides a contemporary character to the bridge. Finish Option 2 — Corten steel (Figure 59 and Figure 60) This option features Corten steel primary truss members (a rust colour) and secondary truss members in a galvanized steel or white paint finish. The Corten steel finish option with its variegated rust colour on the primary truss members echoes the natural tones of the Grand River setting and references the colour of some historical bridge crossings over the Grand River as well as the nearby existing pedestrian bridge to the south. Page 100 of i3 I Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 95 Figure 57: Rendering of bridge Option 4 with sky blue paint finish, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (DTAH 2025). x I Page 101 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario 0 A" r , rax Page 96 Figure 58: Rendering of bridge Option 4 with sky blue paint finish, looking east from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (DTAH 2025). Image Placeholder This H.I.A. will be updated with an additional image showing the bridge with the pale blue finish option from a longer -range viewpoint. x I Page 102 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 97 Figure 59: Rendering of bridge Option 4 with Corten finish, looking southeast from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (DTAH 2025) x I Page 103 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 98 Figure 60: Rendering of bridge Option 4 with Corten finish, looking east from the west bank of the Grand River, along the Water Treatment Trail beside the Kitchener Waste Water Treatment Plant (DTAH 2025). Image Placeholder This H.I.A. will be updated with an additional image showing the bridge with the Corten finish option from a longer -range viewpoint. x I Page 104 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Bridge Piers Page 99 A.S.I. has discussed design options for the bridge piers with R.V.A., D.T.A.H. and the Region. The design for the cast -in-place concrete piers on either side of the river has not yet been finalized, however these piers will be aesthetically enhanced beyond what is typical for a utility bridge due to their size and their public visibility along the riverside trails and from the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower. Figure 57 to Figure 60 depict piers with a ribbed profile intended to provide visual lightness to the concrete. There is the potential to refine the shape of the piers, for example, T-shaped or slender single piers. There is also the potential to explore the addition of benches and interpretive panels or features at grade to further respond to the bridge's context along the riverside trails and enhance the pedestrian experience of the bridge. A.S.I. will continue to work with the project team to ensure the refinement of the piers is appropriate to the setting and surrounding C.H.L.s and B.H.R.s. x I Page 105 of Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario 6.0 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Page 100 To assess the potential impacts of the proposed works on the cultural heritage value of the subject cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resource, the identified heritage attributes outlined in Section 3.0 were considered against a range of possible impacts based on the Ontario Heritage Tool KitlnfoSheet#5: Heritage Impact Assessments and Conservation Plans (Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism, 2006b). These include: Direct impacts: • Destruction of any, or part of any, significant heritage attributes or features; and • Alteration that is not sympathetic, or is incompatible, with the historic fabric and appearance. Indirect impacts: • Shadows created that alter the appearance of a heritage attribute or change the viability of a natural feature or plantings, such as a garden; • Isolation of a heritage attribute from its surrounding environment, context or a significant relationship; • Direct or indirect obstruction of significant views or vistas within, from, or of built and natural features; • A change in land use such as rezoning a battlefield from open space to residential use, allowing new development or site alteration to fill in the formerly open spaces; and • Land disturbances such as a change in grade that alters soils, and drainage patterns that adversely affect an archaeological resource. Indirect impacts from construction -related vibration have the potential to negatively affect built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes I Page 106 oft Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 101 depending on the type of construction methods and machinery selected for the project and proximity and composition of the identified resources. The results of the impact assessment presented in the tables below are based on a review of the East Side Gravity Trunk Sewer (Kitchener): Detailed Design and Services During Construction -30% Design Report (R.V. Anderson Associates Ltd., 2024). The impact assessment considers possible direct adverse impacts, indirect adverse impacts, and positive impacts to the cultural heritage attributes of the subject cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resources. See Section 3.0 for a description of these cultural heritage attributes. Table 1 presents impact assessment and mitigation measures for the subject C.H.L.s and B.H.R.s. Impact assessment and mitigation measures for views that have been identified as heritage attributes of the C.H.L.s and B.H.R.s are presented in a separate table (Table 2). The proposed interventions will involve construction of a sewer and service bridge within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., the Grand River C.H.L, the Pioneer Tower Road and Lookout Lane C.H.L., and the Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. x I Page 107 of v E v a" m CL E a) bA v a) t3n a O 0 N 0 C 0 tio a) w 3 L O u U m CL E W c U C O Z LnC O C a) E E O U a) C O do C nz C: a) E Ln a) Q U m CL E a) (6 H C N o C: s v a) a) s p E L O LnC C o o 3 N a 0 c� c a) u -� O C U a) -a +1 U O s L�+� M S d O L Ln C� " 4- O 0 O 0 'a U L N C a) C U a) O C O a) a) C a) O O U C a) E a) C +M f +, = to �6 O a E U -p > p 0" U h0 0 �' L L O a) f p a) c o `� U tw C C a E Q- a) Q_ '� L 0 a) "� C C +, L a) Q" o . a E s " U C •> O 0 = _ a) •O a) O L C -P C U C O U L M L >, O L U a f6 () VI U L a C E ON , N •a) N" L O -0 ,� ," •p L a) C O a) 0 '" +� 1 L 4- 7 .0 a) U= C W 0 4- Vl > O NLn " L L 4- U O 4- s a) E i O 'O +, .0 O s E U N C U a) O �n s s L C +� -p 41 U N 3 Ln s L +, p Eo O a) � +1 Ln +mss Ln 4- +� m 70 o o j C > 0_ � a) C +1 +� s C O 3 U, C — a o .LLn �i QJ q.0 > W *: a) C 4� C .p 0 C L O .p O 3O p �-+ O a E Q L O" 0 +` � U 0 M : C E a E {n to C .� L V a " = 0 ai a) L to Ln .E O O O N a) O" O" C v -10, a C a) +' � > f6 H f6 O 0 O a) L a) " C C 0 a) +� L U 4� O 4� " m " +' Q "a) E4 -:t 4- Op •C O 6 EL " u C: tWL•>C -p U+• • � O n UE E Oa {= -0 ° a0 >� C: 'a O > HCN a-0 >� aa> U +� s U M s Vl (1) t H v m O -a a) L a) 3 L f6 }I i m O Q E " L O °) L " a) °) C- i Q. L �n > H c O O O >— m O +- -a L 41 m a O> +� -p f6 a +' O+� O .� QJ •� p LnL U -Z, = N 'a do U VI a) U z 'a 0>m U -a U f6 �'.� >. QJ I a E O L •L f6 a) �"' Q- p L L m 0 •a W 0 m +� " C O a) 4� S L O ai E a) p Q m m U C p U o to a 3 t r° 0tin +� " a) 7 a) E 4� O m C •L E 3 (6 .O ai > L s H >' c m m L c U> Vl a �n C O +, L (L6 U a) O O bD +� c +6 o " ) o CL ,O 'm M 3 a a) O N +1 U > Ln -p c a U u m C^ a) a X Z E a) Ln H O to 'a 'a C U - C O " CA C O yi L 3 y C Fn -a C Q) s +� -0s •c 3 ai a -� u c o E c° 3 '� C U i•+ f�6 a a-0 s 0 N 7 C L (6 a) 3 +1 CL 4� •L Vl V a _r_ Q)" Ca) +," c O O �n s L +� U .a � ' a) > S L 'i a) vi " -O U qA N 0 -0 C a) 4- (L6 QJ ate+ tm 3 O � 4� C E m (M C 43 7 a) >, +E U " to N O O = a c a °o U E . -a ° E " +a s ai O C o -� h0 C C +,C 4� " — U 4, a) a) U m O '� a 3 QJ a) ai t3n a v C 4' > CL ° `� 3 ° c c � ° •p � a � � o •� � � � p c o tin s p `� = o o xx" s o a" 'v +� s -a 3 p ti +� s W 3 O — 4� C �, vi s a c o a a o o tw W a) u u c o c a N Ln a) N L � '- . 3N L L O -0 C 3 O u c °' a s f6 L L a U c N Q a' N Q s L E a .3 0 U +' CAU N O O v1 N u C w c 0 O O cv c6 L ° Lo — O °' a Q s -0-0 m m o s w e vn O aa) o w Q" 4- a tin v +� c i6 c 'a u (L6 s C=-0 qA 3 v O O i -a C:4 EN > C a, p + 4� Ln Lnv +� C O L 4- C o +� p s o -a 2 O u a) 'a p V O u 'a M �_C: U ar oC a p -a C C tow .� a c6 s u> L c s o C> -a CA a, 0 -a o Ln O u c -p a N ° -p ami M .c ao c +1 R C L u 0 a) a a C u O L 0 u W L s C } c6 a C U L L CL u 4'E 7 •C qA s a' a Q a' o a v o 0 o (6 C w w '� M° te o E a� E u Ln •� a u u u E a 3 a v ar E tA tA w tA tA a E O a� — a� O O a� o oWc c o s o tw— L L 3 ++ O p L u u -a a) 3 4- `� C C Ln O CE O L p u O o (�6 p s to -W o o c o cm cm E s cm s~ o w E y Op 3 p mr-4, F h0 �' VI O L 3 '(-L6 s L 'a C -a 'L .X N a) .L a) a) u 4- = i O C O 4, 0 C W C s -a p y N ate+ s +' a) � — � O (6 +� M L E 3 a) >> C 3 00 E x a 0 CLN -a a) a� N" ao }s, C F C m o a� c +� Lo '"E -°a o o a '� O a� E a tiA •Q C 'c E _ 3 u' ° C tio c E .o L ai ai (6 (6 L ° (6 (6 (6 O H ° +� CA m L " s L O c� x> a a� 3 � 3 a Ln a, a 0 0 v 0 C 0 tio ai W C s O +, C: m aa) E 3 u to 3 o °3 C Q- (6 C p v p O O 4 1 ~ to tw 3 > s °O ° C omW o ° c a a ° 3 'E nz Q-� O s o w a) o° o w s � do u >, M -a o m tW ° c C a o0 0 .� u ago 0 °' M U 3 Q nz L — � O c o +� E-- o, c c� E o E : E — 'a M � U 0 0 0 O y u NN H N -W ++ O O E a CA a a) 3 C ' -•� a-•� 'a O 'a +� C f6 7 N u U nz U C L X a +� a� oC C c = O 4� W $ _ E O +, u Ln � 3 ° o a� o c° o 0 o m : 1 ao ao 3 v ° > ao V to .E .� ° ° O ++ C 'a +� 7 p L a) L E f6 +' 0 C:O C O C:+�+ m +' m `� a do -a s m o t w y to so0 C 4. VI 'L a-•� o .m u m c s N ++ m N 4= C 2 O N y a N 4-J r- >H E E-°�s+� C a) Q-� 3 ° m vii vOi N ° O' s m O E N p �0—, C C to O i 0 0 +� O 2 Q -0 E o W u s Q- u E w" E 43 L N .0 s > ° +' two Q. E ° C L s ° c +� > o o' � z 3 O to u -O 'O > C a) 'u m 3 30a� M do 4 m bioV — a C o v O C > a) L O O a) Co V) V) L a) m C Ln °c ' a) L C ,� a) C (6 VI o41 O +� E m Ln 4- a� E (6+ 3 C L L L -W � Ln C � p E t a) _ Ln > N 4 s O H O O v c oc 3 3 u 3UM Ln _ �'A L i L � � � o i-•� ° +, � •L � � � � C E N L U 2> C7 m> V 2 C v E v a m Q E a) t3n O 0 0 C 0 tio a) w s O nz to m In C: C 4, U C Q C •- 4- L O O a) -0 Q C Qa) 0 Q a) N s N O U *' s Q U � °' 3 E aa) E E c o C a) nz s s — c m -0 nz +, c s O L Ln to+� 0 ,n O a) c o c i 'L U O J +, O C O N O C }moi a-+ Ln O +' L O f6 U 0 N LnC O d O L L a) 4-(6 OL E " L U a) C a) L CO E ma N .O N a) > C N U Ca) } QJ OL a) 30 OUB-+ C O Q O `n H O 4' N CQ- 4- U O M L O 4 � V) i C C N = ; 0 0 0 C 0 v 'O C} L O U a) Q S U n5 L4 •� d C U L +, CL O f6 C O U CCL N C 4n > O N 'O +' U O 'a : •L a) �n s E C +� Ln U L C .� O O O C f6 a) C f6 +, a) �, > Q an �, O N a) L N o a) Cn s 3 _ O QCA C U, C N U f6 CO fL6 a) 'a s O N Q CL C a� °' O U s 3� L c C E 'o E Q N i i an � O O 'O } CA a) -a s N +� N C C s C 0 N u_ a) O a) O O ~ s �O � Q Vl U 41 m � M -� 0 0 cs � U� s a, wC .L O o O C VI 4- -J V)3 Q 7 -a bio o O � M (6 L� U a) U; s° Q . o 3 c .� L nz m E U s CA c In v O C H U f6 E tw �n C: O Q � L N a) C i s a)E 'a .L C v OU d O L Q O O~ > O N +� a) +� C U �n C U an (6 Q to O U L C (6 ++ a O CQ0 0 a) L Q CO OL u C u a) 0 V w� 4, _C E a) a) 'p _ > Q C u � C 11. L m O to C:Q c a� O a C s -= Ln C U m ,E L o r-° U .E s +� ,} w Q a) i O L N i a a CO °+� L L 4� L U L .� � > C O s +� s a EL CL E U Q .E E +� s to s u- E a� E y i C O O a; O O s s a s E a) nz C Q L �_ +' +JO U N Q +' 4 � �O C O +�, +' �O C •L a) +1 O 4. > Q Q i U C Wo r_ O CL f26 -a a, Ln E E Ln 7 -a .- o — L Q O > moi L } m O ' a) N L O O� u CL (6 +Q.I > Ln Ln u a) U M a) > � an � O E U C OU a) c> (6 ->a (6 +� U M r_ Q E L (6 L +� °� E° V C a L to E s O C" Q Q a� L a) U E O L a) m +� E O Ln L a) L U 7 VI a) +� E L a) = C >C O C O : •L +� 0 bio •N V) d +, {n Q f6 L f6 V C N f6 L C O O U L a U 0 0 O 3 ar v E O " vi " °_° E Q a) L a) Fn a � C CL > m E 0 N 0 E QE a) O Q 'L U U E u a� a� a� to > Ln L — W Q — E H (6 a� U > a� to a) N OL °� C �Q+ O E s +� C M ao C a o X _3 v L W v O O L a) to Ln +j U M L s CL Ln a) N L s I M C C '� C: C: w CL � Ln ,C � V a� c6 a, N U Cp E ,} (1) a) t]A L N O 3 N f6 N X U N Q an 4- Q > QJ U CO Q U O 'L -a O s L p y. L O CL Q L f6 > O °° CA E CL o L w L N +� f6 c 0 c6 an C -a L C O E +� a) +� a) CA C a� O cm i4.1 u a) a +, ; E � E = a = Cn a) O-0 � C= c u o a� M� a, o s _ y to 0 3 L � L E 0 C: aEi �"I� U V U Q d O J 4. Q ++ y C CL CL CL O • • • • • 3 ar Q m O a) s O M L +� CL L O M s U 2 > +� U +� Q M (n U O_ C a) t3n a 0 0 a) 0 C 0 tio a) w -a C -a- O tw o = a) c a) o o C O -a > C -a N o V) a s nz : N 3 M o N °' '� °° a) a a a m O �' W s L 3 a) c C: C.) > S do U E O L C a) C N E s u a C Z C (6 _ C O ' � a) a) D —0 +� n5 a) ° �, +, ao S E s u U u m C s +° o; 3 ao M Ln a a) a) N— - o o tw a-+ 4° = a) Q -0 s � a •i s o U f �' s �-+ N s L s U •V) L Q O Ln — C O -a a-+ N O C a-+ O a) L C -a CC.O O Q -O 4O = O CCA C O O OL C: -a CCA (j) -a 'a a) 4- 'a O O h0 U a U V)C 7 L U 7 >, 'a to C a) Q s p to m U a C O Ln c c o n5 E 0 O Zn O a a N a -a C+ c O U U o.0 c 0 t6 a) a) � 0 C -a 'n a) M L i C -a � 0 •_ a) � 'L U i 4 C L -a 7 O � (6 > N� O m CCC: a N QJ p,o C CA a) O p a) > do 'a a -a 0 Q CA E C OU f6 •L a) ao N > O E N N u E °c° ° o c 3 v c I=I L .E a) °�' f6 3 `ti O M +' CA O -a •C a) o ° E °' v - a) cn •0 a °' L E +, C O U s C 0 a) w s c -a C s� a) a) is 00 i N a) C a) O a -a N L C 4' a V) J a) 4 a) 'a +' 7 N C- E }' �n C C Q s a) O C 'a = O .0 .- a0 ° aXi 3 a o CD v v ,+��+ 3 E -a a) W a) a) V) V) o — a) ° U -a > 7 a) a) ( •L s � ai U - a) ) o 0 � U- C:f6 U L - nz Q- a) C s 4- LO aa)) s O 4' —a) E 03 m L L vii .2 C f6 L +, a C U Ln C O O a VN u 6 N 1 a Ln ,� Q m Q. a) f6 U CL (n U- N O Z c6 Op i R a) f.7 r a) 3 O O C L O a) OC a O QJ O L ~ f6 it •L W 'L i O 2 R t O ca, C 3 QJ QJ 2 •> U / k 0 u CL .E . § 2 § U / / u / 2 § :ƒ k / � '( E 5 E \ 0 0/ ■ 2 •- \ f a o / t 1 - / / 0 u & 2 c0 ( / e � o e / ® { m E o § = ._ 0 § $ / / § \ � '[ - 2 ® e G f \Cc:•� / / E $ \ / 2 E Q) £ ƒ § t t u e m E 0t / E E J 5 G— 0 E B E§ u e E/ � .E I e® » u o u § o % E k » tA 0 / / t [ \M � e o 5 .\ k ƒ @ \ \.o E _ oCL tE°fE z E E / �._ \ m ƒ : 2) \ k 4 ( 2 e( § 2_ : f 7 £\ / 7 6 w 7 t 4 = E e \- 0 Ln e _ 0 e 3's bio / / u ma/ ° \ ± / / $ ■ _ u \ G = e — E .g t 3 ° t m M = e __ # CL u� ° e 4— e t $£ = e e e -' � ° •o o G 4 E ® f z / 2 ® \ 3 § = G = _ $ = \ » = / 0 _ > I m Z .g _ _ % e L to —_ \ / \ ) / g / 3 $ \ a 7 R u) 7° a\ f\\ C: C: \ t E \ s o g [ 9 3 2 2_ 0.E s 5 u=> 2 I ƒ e R u g 2 e Q a G/ 2\ a / ƒ / / % C: J .: _ Cl4�,:g—C0 LO / � k 3 t CL .§ . \ $ § � 2 / / tw / 2 § :ƒ / / & E _ E 5 E E 2 2 S 0 2 � of 0 \ KCL 0 B k u E e / % e / / / o / 0 = § $ •§ / / % 4- k k $ / tW / E ƒ�k k / \ \# 4� 2 G C 5 .g 0 2 \ E m . 0 ® k k 4 � 0 / ° k C: / CL ■ 2 E / § ƒ } / $ / § ( u to \ \ \ § f \ \ ƒ e ƒ \ 0 ƒ / o c \ 2 /\ §ƒ E U �_ f CL f c / M \ / ( \ / k / 2 0 ƒ 0 ^ t \ & ( ) e ƒ Q % \ a ? E G e= u 2 M t E° E= f § k ƒ \ \ £ Ln E'� U � _ 0 � _ Ln ° � ) 0 / � 0 / 0 / / � u 2 t E) a) o Eƒ / o/ gƒ\\ R .2@@ 3 2 / E.® k= E\ g# f$/ m 0 0 5 ■ / e y [ > / E # [ ) # / $ = z $ £ £ u= S E E < 2 o L± 2 G± s 2 k s s .: _ Cl4�,:g—C0 LO / � \ ƒ / / � / w k � 5 k f E� / � § ƒ � 2 0 t / \ � _ 's £ g 40 2 \ CL 0 U C:/ 0 q .0 E e ± C: Z- " " E C:& E / t u m E B 0 E/ k ® E u 0 u � 2 \ \ / \ 0 k41 /k// I E §.§ o ƒ to e E e o\ e e f u 0 \ ± % e } ( Ln ± / § ) R / I e 3 E E _•- " � 'E E e " o= 4 o e 4— t a 5 tƒ } e 0= o e e u � ._ ° 7 % e = _ & e•� 5 t ._ ® _ _ E B ) 2 to§//§ 0 f f // n a 0 _ _ R.E � _ \ 0 - ■_ ■ ±\ E a = ._ 7 t o 7 = o_ e CL o 0\ g 2 $ ƒ ) / $ \ _ \ $ \ 'k 7 $ $ .E / ƒ § ' / s a 5 7 \ ) ƒ : } � / ƒ 0 \ § f 4- < / m / Ln ._ 2 m e Z G o m»\ = .§ (e k 2 0 C$ § E° C /e o.E ) Xƒ E f E)_$ E/ 7$ e) a s m) to 7 / E \ 4 $ » ® _ _ e% _ _ — e = _._ u 3 = ■ e — t § R 2 $ 2 $ $ � ƒ 0 CL § § } ) & a) ,]O a -a c -a c C: ° N O p E s U O L Q E C s C C L a a) a) _a a) m C co 0 N S a) ° E a) In a 3 a) m O s O N t tin N a Q -a S— N L E C -a C ,ni) 0 U -a t o a) O a) 'x 3 L a) C -0 U Y s4 -«s O S_ pp H ° C C ao O ai N 0 c -a U N V Q 3 O J C U •� E 0 1 O O -le C a+ 3 Q O N N +- Q C (A f6 L E Q ++ O .0 U O +, " CCA C .- O N U 'a O a) Q O a) f6 J L = tw C L C s> U O E *' U O a Q -a a) f6 N L O U s a +� a' a) a U a) U O L 'a 'a s +� o a E C a) s a) `� a M o 3 oC Q- C t N 0 � «s 4- C � -W -a +� tw U ma o Q m Q - tm 4�L a) a O U, s L L as 4' a Em 0 0 3 � °C:° 3 a) a) a`o c s H o H o o C +� M o H aW o FU L C O N a) N 4� J CL .O f6 C f6 C: C 'a a) +O+ � C N = C 4- L O M O (6 d O -a Q- tw C C o O n 4 CL M OO o U O s c 'a + C Q J L U� s� 4, VI J J O a) a) c Q O f6 N 4-+ 0 a) Q C C O +, Q - L a) C:M CA a) L 4' M O > a O a) pV) 4' a) U UJO � L +� E a) Q ca) O a) s u °A aa 0co ps Fu ar > E M c o a) s o a o 2 a E o vii vOi ° a 4 ~ c c °) 4� ,Oi) > L Q O tw C a) Oo C: u4- a) _ M C U L O a) O N L a) a) a'•� N t)D L •f6 � + N m M U M L N a) L f6 N a) C t6 U .Q' M U 4, U s a) L L a) Q 3 =_ a) Q a) 3 4� a +� 4� o� 3 U� U H H C: p z o° 00 +� L VI > Y tio 3� O 0 _CL a)s-a M 0L QJ v a) O 4' s t0 i 4O+ ,n s L.% C: C J a'J L w 3 L VI C U -a o 4�O a) 4� L E> J c vOi V O a) s C Q O oc �, 3 m° 0 U a >_ o cv tm C O u E L O C + 4- m a) tw LL 0 H +� •L N O VI s C N -a C O i y = a U c `� J 41 Q C +� E o o " a a) m `� u R ai its to O a) W qA L t0 s a) a) m L _ N C: 'N Ny O 'w v O Q O O f6 U i Ln 0"> j - 4 N -a EO D R _ > ° E a _ s ° Fn u L v to 4�= \ ƒ / / § / k � � & E E � � § K k � R � �■ / E k 0 o _ _ E 7 0 ■ ƒ ® 2 I > E % w ° 2 'u 3 k C / -too CL § g tE I 3 > S .E z / / ƒ : = e 2 W 0 e e 0/ _ 2 E = e q_ \'& / e.E Q ■� k e�3 ) \ =.2' $ / § k / \ / 4 _ 4£ t } / —Co 0 e/ c : g e% .g .S m% J k j / CL a) \ / % ■ -R C: � E 2 � 4- g / f/% /§ 0 •/ = e = k e f f %% � V \ a) / � / 0 G b e > ') // E 0 7 u 0 C: e % » E 1 £ u E E 5}& to t 3 \ : § §•? { 2 % E 2 G = — y§ CL@ u o ) u= S <_ G 2 3 a\ a e4� a) bA a Ln C O a C a) E E O U C O tin +J C C: C: a) E Ln a) Q U m Q E 3 a) N (6 H a) +� •> L N CA to UM CM N oO E 3 3 �' 'o ac): C: N o s � C 16° C a s o L o a) O u N oio C N a �O c E c S +� .L L S to p u O C O X E O C .� 0� +� a) LO 4' N 'a +' nz 'a O O u o c " CCA a) 4 •7 0 C M � a) +�+ . O O a) - O 'a U ho a) a-•� -a a) > O L 0 u( a) c CA O C CA C -a p v a) i6 E tw W M N +1 4� a) O a) M nz -0 tw mtw (1)w a c N 7— ° C a) S a-•� : L S 4- .N N U L VI a) .Q f6 = 7 H a) a) L of p > c Wnz a) (6 -a > O 3 c v 3 -a —.- 4- a) a E L u O +� N s O i ma C L O O M L M a) pp CA C a) � s ° a) VI C O +� (D +� C cL p O f S s O C f6 t pQ .7o .7 4. (A >, 7 L 'a O 0 a) +� s a +- m ao +� O L E 3 o a OL •L 3 ++ 3 O • • • a) O p 0 N 0 H > H Q (A a) do— a do 0 0 C — ° 'C 3 m a— C ° a) s CL c O a) +, O Q u C m aa+ N c C C c U L nz E O s 4F °' C a' a ° 3 ° o o O C 3 � + o ao Q � N L f6 of +•� CO (> . E ("D 'a ° u 3 a� c °� 3 Ep o = a� 0 N > WL w E a) QJ v E a) a E H Vl Q =_ > , > C j O +' u v (1) > s 4 � VI t (6 a) O M W 'L -a_ L a) +' s 'L L +•� Q L a) L *' 4- a) V) E E s > s4� O M 4� '� s nz ma— W O L > 'L L a) to s 3 C +' O 0 ° ~ L a) >_ 0 ' L f6 O 0 NC > N (L6 4• � C: O L O a) a) s a c a p 0 CL S d 4J L J } tin Ln � Li N U C w D O a) '} 3 O w L nz s s 4� +o -°a •L •L L = C a) > U > 0 \ ƒ / / % k J 3 . » o = � / ± g _ & e .g # = to E o CL / / 0 § to 41 2k CL \ o : / § e / \C: •�° 3 k � i2 § G / / U 2 \ \ 0 / k k E _ \ : c e e e e 3 m m / 2 3 E§ 3 3 : . ƒ 2 2 u Lne .d $ n k % e / / o / � \ ƒ ƒ / \ 2 'g / \ / / M Eg $ CL \ E \ o / / / tA E e 2 e M k , f / .§ C: \\/ +1 w uLn = o e ® C 's 2 E .E t E E o § B o•- 2 _ z _ E z 4 ƒ / = 0 / \ / / 0 e G $ 0 / / / / •} _ ƒ. / ¥ g o E 2 f % 3 % _ § ) g _ ƒ \ ± e E % E \ 2 % ƒ u / ƒ . , / & > @ E 7 C:2 § \ ƒm 7 > $ / bio k ® .§ E ( t w\ \/ l o 7\\ S 5 L 3 E U 5 4 3 \ ƒ \ $ / / w k � 5 5 _ _ § E / / S ± ± 2 $ $ � ƒ ƒ � 2 2 % % ƒ�k ƒ�k k § \ k § M o ® / $ e 2 e 2 # £ @ # e A .� � �# 'u � 'u .� u > u > \ � \a)ma E / t E / 0 4 / � 4 / E u t k u t k C k E E / \ / 2 \ _ a \ k 3 / \ k 3 / CLE e 3 2E±0 2E±2 E e 3 0 m 7 R 0 G mLr� / o ® e § R e G \ / •\e Ee k> o \ [ . , >§ == 2> o '_ o Ge C etw [ £ f//§\ \g o § k k [/ G E/m G e / 4 % - §2±/% / %° / _ e o oa e ® o § e 2 / \ \ / o \ � e % � o> E 4 / / 3 t E \ \ / / \ u \ u / o k / k 2E m o E =± G A §G3[ [ƒ ^m G 3 2 \ 2 2£ƒ .7 2 2 / 2 ( / ■ G e# o a® G e e m R e G o S \ 5� 2 �.E \> 5 a 0 E E N ao ro a O L L L L L L O LL L � 3 3 3 O L L L (a L L L Z Z Z � s C 4� a� E o —_ a s a) c � s s +� L � a) L m 3 O a) a) L as -a Cla) mr-'O a) 4-(6 a- O O a O > VI4- C U N s N L L ° N L O O a) 3 ami 4, 3 o s a) a) ma C a M s O f6 a) a bD ma a) a) s 3 Ln *' o s nz (6 a M C m (6 '0 a> C C nz o O L' } ° L a� Q L C s C ° s 0 u a- C C° O C C 4� 3 L w O O a) f6 O N O f6 O C 'L •O C �' �_ +� N L E +� �, L > f6 O CL +- s O 0 U U s m a a) s s m 4 m E ,n vi E s vii a 4- M m O a) a) u O N O a) o s nz a ° t:6 a) a) 3 a� c L 4 stw L 3 o J s 0 0 a� �_ o o Q, a) > N Q > Q 4 s > CL to +� E O a) Z s 0>= L a) C> U i6 s •L 4J O" Z Q p y > O Z Q U O C L E L a) C L C +, _ S 1� N L O L O E to C N a CL ° 3 ° o a) c f6 4, }r a) N 4O a) a) L 7 E a) C LZ C 4 � m ma a) s 3 4 � m ma a) tw 3 LZ o C 4� 2 c ° 3 4� 4� 3 3 � 3 � a3i 3 0> o 3 0 0= o+- 0 0= > � s o .� L (6 a) •� 3 .E 4' C E S s o •L to a) U s •L o to ° L Q. O O m CL s L CL •L N 3s o 0 N o o N L QJ D a) 4, °g>a� to L ma) > pp d °� tlA m L > pp L > L L a) L a) C :2 C a) a) L a)C C a) ai ° +� _ ° ° 0 0 0 ° 0 0 a U 3 U _ d H J 0 N _ H: J CO N h0 ro a O N N L L O LL � 3 3 � s s m L L Z Z c" N O L c N O Ln L c N O " S 4� " S 4� " Q E Q E Q O - O i .L o 04mJ� O i .L p 0 f6 Q Q " (6 O Q Q " (6 N CL Q s s a) s s a) s s 0 3 Q> m— 0 3 Q> — 0 3 4� O s a) s O +- O s a) s O +- O s •tw 4� L Q a) 3 .� L 4� L Q N" O f6 O ,� a) a) " O f6 O a)" O C:L •� s a) .> N C: L •> L L L 0 L 4� L L a) L L 3 mr- + , E +,E E L a u o " E c L a u o " E c L 4 - Ln a) a o o a) a) CL CL CL m 3 N 3 7 m 3 +� v tw a) n5 7 Lnc " o O `� +� > p`0 a) n5 vOi " o O `� +� > tw a) n5 m CL o ho a) > a o W a) > a o to a) o "o " o 0 °" o s0 — 4� 4� z 4� s 4 z a c 4 s L LLL L L a) a) O E +� a) a) s a) a) OE - Ol O 0 m a) O O a o In LnO 3 O a Ln4— a) o a J 2 O O L s L O O L s ha V)O c to L s U O C:3 O — aci m ° °' +, L M Q a) L N 3 N a) L N O C�0 O L i-� a) 3 J s a) 4, a) � a) 30 J 3 Q LZ 4- a) 3 o O o 0 2 -a 'a " U p O 2 L C: L O O O O a) ~•U`3 � a) ~Um 03 ~•� o iQ�. LO4'O •L � O 3 a) ma p M ha so •O M NsSL •aL) O C L C: " O 4L C > a) � Zi C N S N m bio L ho bio N to L c " ho L 0 L cL V) O a) L a) L y L a) c 3 z ,L L a) C a) 3 '� h0 c s a) L L a) c a) 3 a) 2 0 O O s m 00 bo a, 2 0 0 c 0 0 0 a a) 2 0 J a..i N L1 d J f6 c CE d N aO �o a a) � s 3 C: 0 a) a`) to a) C o � a) s J o = V) U 4J L O U � O •L 'a a) a) � V L L 3 3 LL a) a) a) V tw (a L L }J O ao E 3 O O o .T z z > a0 a s a) LN c O a) c N p 0 N c0 O 'E a (6 N a) O Q Q C a) E L O (6 a°' a) L (6 41 O m as � �n > L 4O OL 16 � >, C °' VI m a) 4- nz a) a) a CL a) nz s a c a) s `~ a) s nz E > c c o 3 4' 3 U s v o m 3 a Q m N a) U C L •> S a) •> CLO a) a) . s- a a) L nz N a a) U 41 E � E W Cn W E c Ln C Ln 0 {A m CL 0tA Q m L y L w V a) �-•� a) U C tA CL CL v �n O O •> tip a) Ln (6 L �n a) '� a) (6 a) CL •> Q m O O •> S a) 'O a) 'O O OL vp O O s O> z Q c 4� 4� z O a) 4� > L L � L > 4 +� s D C c 0 0V) Ln 0 O CL J L a) N m � �� O to 'a . C O= cNI L O a) E L 4 v a 0 L S ILnn V E ,C L O (�6 Mo C � (�6 4� 'a OL 4O+ L J c m 4- 3 o 4- a) o `� c � 3 3 3 3 s O"o +� 0 O O c Ln O Ol N a) 4� ~ O J 4' L > O 'L a) 4' H '} O O C O O 3 J a) a) (6 'C CL (6 �•-� 3 CA }J L a) Ln 2 a) C Q- > J W 4� E `� 4� a) a) E > _I -z CO0 p 7 LL (6 O O to (6 O U — CO0 O QJ C O (L6 O I a) CA L O CCA O O M a) CA L C 0 D J O c m a) L C (6 a) (6 N H ba o � 4- .L � C: .L � � C QJ C O _ a) o 0 00 O (6 _ tw N = O a) O O JO 16 4O a H J M H LZ a CO a) a 0 O a) 0 C O tio a) w a) s V) m s a) 4 , L > 4' s N a) V) O 4, s qA s a) 3 > .� N +� ai a a) s(A o + s> c a CL a a) s O � +� a) a o N u+ bio a ago E f6 O C C C Q S .L S L N N N CO h0 -a 4� a N L p +,2! N p E O L O U � O +� f6 �' L f6 L O (A L +, — tw CC.O Vl 4'.� -a � tw a) ' tw a) > O �' O a) CCA � i..1 'O C C O O f6 L CA -a a) (6 a) +� to s +, a) tw O U a) a'.' 7 a- tws N U U U .Wa) -a nz >, tin — -a a) 3 s L QJ ~ L .Q 'a a) ,} O a) a) a) a-•� -p m C > (6 0 m E -sa � +� s � ' s to � a) E ° 3 ao O _5 • > 3 .. C uo - — — � a -2 a = °° s°+ °�°s m aE) a c U � W -a 3 O a a) +� C (]a via z a) a) C OU s -0 L � O m a) N a) f6 - L Q s f6 4, f6 1 0 4- O tm o CL OL •C � 3 a) a) O L a) O • • • L° Q °U -0 4, N tH 4 L O m L a) -0 p 4 , CL 'u o s o o a) c °c s o 3 4� > 'N ° : ami UE ' a) -a O O — +' (� E H 4O+ U N L i6 N L O � U L 4— > Q 4- 3 0 LnE L ° s a-•� Q O L L E = w a3i E v ago c Ln > > .E > O N = �n 4,N L L f6 O a) L ' 3 a tiA°aLn- •L Q- L L '� = Ln a) a) a � ° p a) a U a) E 3 ° s C a-•� a) O a) m s o ° o L7 3 = L 4- -a Q U 7 L Co L a) L C (6 C L.L 4- O J Mi m m (j O 42 L p f6 U Q. t6 ° +, E a o 41 0 D L L C a) 4- W L m a) > L O U ,j p a) O :t i QJ L C: O O 'a L 0 0 0> Q d N d (] O 0 C O tio a) w a) c: S o s L +� C S S � O ,n +� O > +� O N M o 4, s ao c a) v, C C 4� ° c-1 = S Cc a) ° o �� o H a C +.i CL p Q N C: ° 4- o c J N ° _ ° > 7 ami 3tw tw N a) -r- -0 o `) m o � U s, C .� 3 O C a) •Q f LO ate) c a) o atA a)) +� +' = o C c 0- C: too -a E o + a) O ° c O O M C C U L s +' C L ° tw }' s C O Ln O Q O O O 'a s 4- C 'a O VI tw s O -O E L O O L L M C (L6 QJ a) O f6 = O Q �n O U s N E 'a O 'a a) > a"' i O 7 H 0 O L a) O a) a) N � E L U a) s t].a Q •> 'a !6 N +' > O {n a) C °' a) 3 C 3 a) o° .L VI L a s C o o .� � 4- o E s 3 s E ° tw to O s a) O O O f6 s �n M 4, -O �_ 0 0 a) L +� � E = CA +' p 4 L a) w +- 4- X +, m (a • a) C c +� L O E 3 CL +� O E 3�• m E c f6 +� a) • ° a H > ao ° ° E ° a) a) tin — Ln C — N a) O 'ECL 3 s a) 04-te-+ C N 4- m 4- (L6 CL3W ° Ln a) O O a) .E Ln O C O L a) VI m 3° aa)) > .E F .L J E Q a) �, ° ma L C a) � 0 a) b0 +� > E m OL a) L tw O O Ln ; a)�� a Q.E E L � O, � s 0 Q N 3 Q) its tw 'L L U N CL i +, M a M U> C7 L a) N C C M 'a m O s C 4� �UQti=O 0� C — um a) L 4� M 4� its c 3 Q Ln o 4O M a) ,T m a) L s E E 4 a) i +, O L o _ O M ,} L O O 4 L O > J (1) O N H 'L +, M S ++ m L ';f a)= •L U ° L CL E o > O m N 'O •L C a) o s a) a) tw 0 m a) U QJ O> O w O O> u 3 = .0te v bLO d s s c o mate) m 3 a) 46 to to -a m U m s C S s> 7 L C r- a) s 4-+ C. L 7 N V)-0 •U, L, N a) O 4, Q -r 7 V) Q -0 to m C C: a) m -0W O +, C C a) 2- V) -a ; In - i S O +' Q Q an C an O 4 , —a an O o a) -a o s = ca a) V) m> � .N tw L U to 4 � U b00 O � 4, .0 a) bA O C O v a) Q b.0 +� L O Q_a� b.0 c c O U w C bA C C� 4� Q C bo -a � a) O O a) s an a) b.0 0 +� O s C C U L s i C U •Q an b.0 .X s� N s C O � O a-+ O o bco = '� a) 3 0 0 a) a) Ln a) tw a) "E a) a N C U L an a) O L -a-0 4- 3 Q u i U 3 bA — 4— ma Q E� L -a 'L L U °� S bA +� > C o a a) c °' o �; c o •E a) �7 a) E 3 s Q ami E Q +' C7 c cL +� s a c C7 O a) a) a) O a) c > L 'a a) o a) Q 4-+ a) a) a) a) 4' � s 4' ma 2 a) a) L a) Q C S s O 4 s a) s E E ti0 L a f6 f6 +, f6 O H 4- ww m °�—° . . . C O E 3 C c CL c E ° a) o ° > a a) W to C a c = � 3 a C +' L Q a s C: a) 4 �m 3 = U aa) c o a) L E O Nmc M — O a) a) U Ln +, 4 3 ° Q a)N U U S a) Q m 4 C °U' E a) .E +� 3 o a) a) E o L °' > QJ U C: a) N Q = > > C a E '3 L Ln +- t6 W 'L L L \ \ _ 4� 0 CM C O N M (D U 'a O 4' 7 bA C 4-+ f6 U Q — L1 ' L N LPI 3 o Maa)) _ a) E .) E > i-, 0 f 6 L M `~O 4- > O 0 O •> a) Q. by (a 4" i v a) C bo - 3: O 0 C m 0 (1) (1) 3 a) tap O > C O a) ci CE Fu 3 a) bA d 0 0 v 0 O tio a) w (6 O s +� a) 4�0 C to ho -a m U c6 s C O s s> 3 a) L +J -a (1) C a.•� -0•> 7 Ln •7 _ 4�y f6 s 1 C N O O N m-0,UD ( Q O _r_ 4-+ C a) L m C- s N—— a) 'i 4 A C a) O +' to E O L W C VI .4+ i 4- a) L S 0 4- VI -O O 4- u -a Q CL Ln a) C O oW c 3 O M L tin �' � 0 ° a) Ln M— 0 'a��i 0 0 a) — � o a) > 0 4- a) c s c-0 +' c CCA '� E O L qA N f6 a) 4� 4� a) COA O a) 0 M O s +' Ln -a C U U C 'CL 0 s C to s -O 'L U v a) -r- s +, M a) Ln t6 > > a) ' aXi 3 vi vi a) L 'C ami a VI CA s � S C C7 i-- c �n c a) L U >, L �n a) `� O L '� 0 Ln N N N �n •f6 a) a) > L +' VI Q i6 +' a) > L a) m E L U +' a) +' L O 3 ao 4- a� L > O 'L N L � s i6 U 3w b0 N CZ -� s 4- q.a u CLLn a) a)C: s P (6 (L6 a) a) C a) N (L6 0 C s E CA W W C s o E �7 Q o Q C C7 4' o O O C a) -a +, a > a) a) L L a) 'a N C S 0 a) s CL +j p a) s a) O a) s N E +' ++ X CO f6 CL f6 4, f6 O 4, w a) bD -O a) C ++ � C o E o > 3 > a) O > O -� c a E L IInn V O U s W" O 4� 4� +' -a a)Ci O 4- N L �n aa) O L 3 to nz s O c O c QJ L f6 O 7 EO 'L _ — E _ 3 a) Ea) > U c 3 a (1) L O O L tin O M 4� •L •L o°' Q. 0 s a U 4J E 4� o C ca L O a) s C: nz 0 � L s a) O O R J i O _ 4' = — U s O Lo Q- + E i V � ( a) C •L � D N U L 3 C: a) o > Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario 7.0 Considered Alternatives Page 123 The East Side Lands Sanitary Servicing Class Environmental Assessment (E.A.) was completed to establish the preferred solution for conveying wastewater from the broader East Side Lands area (+/- 4,000 hectares) to the Kitchener Wastewater Treatment Plant (W.W.T.P.). To establish the preferred solution which is discussed in this H.I.A., the E.A. contemplated various alternative solutions that include two main components: • Part 1 of the E.A. considered the alignment of a new wastewater pipeline from the East Side Lands area to the Kitchener W.W.T.P.; and • Part 2 considered the conveyance methodology to be utilised along the preferred pipeline alignment, namely either a mechanical pumping station and forcemain system or a gravity sewer system. Five distinct pipeline alignments (Routes A, B, C, D, and E) were identified and evaluated as part of the broader E.A. study considering impacts to the Natural, Social, and Economic environments, as well as technical considerations for each. Of these five alignments, Route B was determined to have the lowest overall impact. Route B avoids important natural features, has the shortest overall length (and therefore lowest cost), and is mostly located within existing public utility corridors and roads to minimize impacts to the community. All of the alignments considered two options for crossing the Grand River: one at the existing Pioneer Tower Pumping Station (where there is an existing forcemain crossing under the river), and the second within the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., west of the Pioneer Memorial Tower (the alignment option that is discussed in this H.I.A.). After the initial existing conditions survey in 2015, in November 2016, the evaluation process for the E.A. identified the preferred solution for transferring wastewater. The preferred conveyance method is a gravity sewer option (Alternative Solution #3) which results in significantly lower overall impacts to the environment, lower energy requirements, lower operating costs, and lower noises and odours. The preferred solution eliminates the need for construction t Page 129 of 732 r Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 124 and long-term operations and maintenance of a large, complex pumping station. However, the gravity solution is only viable for the Route B alignment that uses River Crossing Location #2 (near Pioneer Tower), and it requires the construction of a service bridge to carry the sewer pipe over the Grand River to the Kitchener W.W.T.P. Site. In order to prevent or minimize impacts of the undertaking, the mitigation measures proposed in Section 6.0 should be implemented. With suitable mitigation, the proposed interventions will allow for construction of the trunk sewer and bridge across the Grand River in a manner that is not anticipated to result in significant adverse impacts. 8.0 Summary of Community Engagement The following individuals, groups, and/or organizations were contacted with inquiries regarding the heritage status and for information concerning the subject property and any additional adjacent built heritage resources or cultural heritage landscapes: • Deeksha Choudhry, Heritage Planner, Development and Housing Approvals Division, City of Kitchener (email communication 9 and 10 May 2024). Deeksha was contacted to request additional information about the subject cultural heritage resources. Deeksha provided the designation by-law for the Samuel Betzner farmstead and confirmed the name of the Doon Pioneer Cemetery and that it is not listed or designated. • Michelle Drake, Senior Heritage Planner, Development and Housing Approvals Division, City of Kitchener (email communication 5 November 2024, meetings on 15 January and 26 February 2025). Michelle provided comments on the August 2024 draft of this report. Subsequent meetings were held to confirm approach to revising the report to respond to the comments. The current draft of the report has been extensively revised to address these comments. t Page 130 of 732 r Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 125 • Parks Canada. A meeting was held between staff from Parks Canada, the Region of Waterloo, the consulting engineer (R.V.A.) and A.S.I. on 7 May 2024 to discuss the scope of the subject E.A. and H.I.A. and potential impacts to the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower. Follow up emails were exchanged with John MacLeod, Acting Superintendent, National Historic Sites, Southwestern Ontario Field Unit, Parks Canada, who supplied background technical reports and drawings of the Tower. The August 2024 draft of the report was shared with Parks Canada in October 2024. No comments were provided. • Region of Waterloo (email communication 27 June and 4 and 25 July 2024). An email was sent on behalf of A.S.I. by Sirin Galaria, Senior Engineer at the Region, to Roxanna Nazarowicz, Senior Planner (Cultural Heritage, Archaeology, and Indigenous Engagement) at the Region to request guidance on the completion of this H.I.A. The email included the attachment of the 2017 Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment completed by A.S.I. for the East Side Lands Sanitary Servicing Class Environmental Assessment. Roxanna replied to indicate that there is Regional support for the recommendations A.S.I. had provided in 2017 for the cultural heritage resources within the area of the East Side Lands Trunk Sewer, and Staff supports the mitigation measures to prevent impacts to those resources. • The Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism (email communication 1 and 12 August 2024). A response confirmed there are no properties designated by the Minister or any provincial heritage properties within or adjacent to the study area. • The Ontario Heritage Trust (email communication 1 and 9 August 2024). A request confirmed the Trust doe not own any property or have any conservation easements on any property within the study area. This report should be submitted by the proponent to heritage staff at the City of Kitchener, the Region of Waterloo, and Parks Canada for review and comment. Following review, staff should determine if they are aware of additional information that should be taken into account in the assessment of impacts, identification of mitigation measures, or implementation. Any feedback will be t Page 131 of 732 r Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 126 considered and incorporated into the report, where appropriate. The final report should be submitted to the above-mentioned agencies. 9.0 Recommendations Select identified heritage attributes of the Grand River C.H.L., the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., the Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower, the Pioneer Tower Road and Lookout Lane C.H.L., and the Walter Bean Trail C.H.L. are anticipated to be impacted through the construction of a trunk sewer and service bridge to carry the sewer across the Grand River. These impacts generally relate to required construction activities and the introduction of a new service bridge across the river. Overall, the proposed interventions are not anticipated to result in significant adverse impacts if appropriately mitigated. The following recommendations and mitigation measures have been developed and should be implemented: 1. To ensure the Waterloo Memorial Pioneer Tower and the Doon Pioneer Cemetery are not adversely impacted by vibration during construction, a Vibration Monitoring Plan for each must be prepared by a qualified engineer or vibration consultant who demonstrates a level of professional understanding and competence in the field of heritage conservation. The Vibration Monitoring Plans must respond to the City of Kitchener's Terms of Reference for Cultural Heritage Protection Plans and Terms of Reference for Risk Management Plans. The Plans must be approved by the City prior to construction. The Vibration Monitoring Plans should include a pre - construction condition assessment of the structures. A condition assessment typically includes pre -construction measurements of background vibrations within the zone of influence, and pre -construction property inspection, including documentation of any visible cracks. This is used to identify any damages caused by construction compared with existing, pre -construction damage to the structure. It is also recommended that the vibration consultant review the research provided in Section 4.0 of this report to help inform their assessment of the tower. )t Page 132 of 732 r Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 127 2. Should any damages to the Waterloo Memorial Pioneer Tower or the Doon Pioneer Cemetery be caused by vibration, repairs must be conducted by a contractor with knowledge and experience in restoring similar heritage structures and who is a member in good standing of C.A.H.P. Repairs should follow the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada (Parks Canada, 2010). 3. Post -construction maintenance and restoration to remove any construction -related dirt or dust on the Waterloo Memorial Pioneer Tower or the Doon Pioneer Cemetery should be conducted by a contractor with knowledge and experience in cleaning and restoring heritage structures and who is a member in good standing of C.A.H.P. The use of pressure washing above 300 P.S.I. and harsh cleaners should be avoided. Repairs should follow the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada. 4. Construction activities and staging should be suitably planned and undertaken to avoid impacts to the C.H.L.s and B.H.R.s. Suitable mitigation including establishing no-go zones with fencing and issuing instructions to construction crews to avoid the heritage attributes should be considered to mitigate any unintended impacts during construction. The installation of a dust barrier system on the tower's exterior should be considered, in consultation with Parks Canada. 5. To mitigate impacts from construction on the landscape of the Pioneer Tower West Park C.H.L., post -construction rehabilitation of the landscape within the C.H.L. should be undertaken to reflect pre -construction conditions to the extent practicable. 6. To mitigate construction impacts to Lookout Lane, the road should be restored to pre -construction conditions. The restoration of Lookout Lane should follow the City of Kitchener's Pioneer Tower Design Guidelines, specifically, that existing informal road edges should be preserved and no sidewalks or curbs and gutters constructed along either side of the road. As t Page 133 of 732 r Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 128 the City no longer has the equipment to maintain tar and chip roads, the new road surface should be comprised of the following alternative approved by City Heritage Planning Staff: Slurry seal over asphalt and an HL4 asphalt with a high degree of exposed aggregate. 7. To mitigate the visual impacts of the bridge on the view of the Grand River and the Pioneer Memorial Tower, the bridge should be designed to be well- proportioned, visually light and should be compatible with the surrounding beautiful natural context of the river corridor and tower. 8. This interim report will be updated following the completion of the 60% Design Report and Tree Management Plan to provide further discussion of proposed tree removal and construction phasing. 9. This interim report should be submitted by the proponent to heritage staff at the City of Kitchener, the Region of Waterloo and Parks Canada for review and comment. Any feedback received will be considered and incorporated into this report as appropriate. The final Heritage Impact Assessment report should be submitted to the above-mentioned agencies for their records. t. Page 134 of 732 r Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario 10.0 References Page 129 Archaeological Services Inc. (2017). East Side Lands Sanitary Servicing Class Environmental Assessment Existing Conditions—Impact Assessment [Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment]. Armstrong -Reynolds, M. E. (1989). Waterloo Pioneer Tower. City of Kitchener. (2003a). Historic Pioneer Tower West Community Heritage Design Guidelines. City of Kitchener. (2003b, October 3). Reasons for Designation 437 Pioneer Tower Road. On file with the author. City of Kitchener. (2003c, December 15). Reasons for Designation -381 Pioneer Tower Road. On file with author. City of Kitchener. (2014). City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscapes [CHL Inventory]. The Landplan Collaborative, Goldsmith Borgal & Company Ltd, and Archaeological Services Inc. https://www.kitchener.ca/en/resourcesGeneral/Documents/DSD_PLAN_CHL_St udy_Report.pdf City of Kitchener. (2024). Heritage Impact Assessment—Terms of Reference. Grand River Conservation Authority. (2013). Heritage River Inventory—Grand River Watershed. https://www.grandriver.ca/en/our- watershed/resources/Documents/Heritage-Inventory_As-of-March-13_2013.pdf Hayes, G. (1997). Waterloo County: An Illustrated History. Waterloo Historical Society. Hilton Landmarks Inc. (1998). Layout and Landscape Plan for Huron Road Trail and Lookout Trail. Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism. (2006a). Ontario Heritage Tool Kit. )t Page 135 of 732 r Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 130 Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism, M. C. M. (2006b). InfoSheet #5: Heritage Impact Assessments and Conservation Plans. Ministry of Natural Resources. (1990, February 20). Canadian Heritage Rivers System Grand River Nomination Document. on file with ASI. Parks Canada. (1992). Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower. Parks Canada Directory of Federal Heritage Designations. https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_fhbro_eng.aspx?id=3323 Parks Canada. (2010). Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada. Canada's Historic Places. https://www. h istoricplaces.ca/med ia/18072/81468-pa rks-s+g-eng-web2. pdf Public Works and Government Services Canada. (2000). Design Brief for the Recapitalization of Pioneer Tower. On file with A.S.I. Region of Waterloo. (2013). Regional Implementation Guideline for Cultural Heritage Landscape Conservation. https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/en/exploring-the- region/resources/Documents/Final_Implementation_Guideline_for_CHL_Conse rvation-access.pdf R.V. Anderson Associates Ltd. (2024). East Side Gravity Trunk Sewer (Kitchener): Detailed Design and Services During Construction -30% Design Report. On file with A.S.I. UMA Engineering Ltd., & Martin Weaver Conservation Consultant Inc. (1996). Pioneer Tower Investigation. On file with A.S.I. t. Page 136 of 732 r Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 131 Appendix A: C.H.L. Data Sheets from City of Kitchener C.H.L. Study r Page 137 of 732 r v v °b N r v Q @ v ro O N 0 3 N@ L to S C> '0 L O L @- U) O 3 v a+ N v O "- L L R U O 3 y LJ U N O L N E c C a H 0 - 3 0 v c V— C H L L L -00 C t'@-0 N -E oc >> O N i@ j `1 J O L C— N H v C L v N u C'i v W L m UJ O U C ,� O L v 5 -u 3 U '� -0 L U v row C v U) a+ v s U v N= W U L N '0 1� d d]> N O U) 2 L c. c 3` ° L m c 0 0� a Y. d m y `v cn o m O 3 3 U -O C L N d C N C 0 _ N a y C L iJ in — U@@ a Y O v@ v� v 0. -p u] 0 �, �� O r e v@ N m� 'a T O c ro^ U v `w `vu� o ro `v a o�L ov c o c v 3 Nm m v0 �'N� O ' L '-' U N y V£ @ N 0 O C@= v@ O C O C> Y -a w —_ .- X_ 4 > C M L o bA ° N v v fe v p — j S L'2— U 7 U) C ° v a. U -0 1= -O w U N -O -3 N— > v C v y 2-00— ti N L` -0 L v° V U L @ T °U ro cto 2 ro -O 3 i@ to U` U C N O @ @ CC -OM L L > -O m 3 a 3 w c ro u v o c .., y 0 - x c 0 c U- `; �n v— °� > v 0 3 Y o v o E L p "3 o .L c L Cu c c = Q 3 °o c 0- o Q= a @ > _O W L v v 0 U L2 O V w ro in — O .0 U O C m v Ou 0u p> L .0 v C' L_ O -0 CC O 3 U` 'n Y ._ N W ✓ '� iE H U v t6 _O L pUp > C ." �) C v aroi Y L C L v v 0 L 'a+ 0 v L V O N v ++ T O a+ @ •v > ro C O C fy C •bAL in 1£— > Y v L U @ O v C 0 av+ L@ -0 0 v c £ o 0 p v u '�- U v= °: v 3 ro L v u a E p o �, 3 -0 o v - °-0 c j N E u sc vL " x v `vL m y v.�ciOv �-Ov c m vv " � v'`-' 0 m ac `� v v v a2 ` W N @ v v L O U L O v v� 2-0 O u-0 u a� '6 .� cn U L v m v Y v v m U _0 £- ro L O -� v U _O y N ro w w v ro O ro 32 U -0 v 'a > 0 N N ip m L J v 3 U 'C a£ L va+i T U`yt_06 L i fCy -0 N 'v 3 i R O ro 3 O H cm 4 ` a; 'O .c 0 •� u m ro ro -p v O amu, 4= @ v@ v @ 2 is 0 v@ L c= O u> u v a, o� w cn E 2 v `+- Y y r L o_ f -Oa � 3" c u v v V a OU Tm y m C fn L -0 vroi O U1 t_ L L C ro om bA v .f-6 u _0 ro -p N O -0 L� O O m 3 T 'X 3 L m0 .bA yO N v .0 L C O O v Oro ° v 0 +� @ 0 N L ° C 3 m N v U d -0 Eb W 3 w L u> N@ '@ 0 C C .0 L~ p`p L ..0 C O_ • N bA fy T V 3 U C ro L a+ (y N 0 C O N `_' bmA _0 O C N W K S @ ro m 0 roL O a �° m a._ -O v o o L v W b° 0 3 3 O �- C N om+ C d l E o o Lo C -Zp .� U= 4— Q v 0L@roC 0n v Yp aO ?@ .O.] °LvLp £@ u U MoW L O O OLwO un O _L o> NLUO L pOT V'> NT 0 HO N-Rm2v .m_ >u "aCN+ .+ '•� N a., V O >u Wy0 W<6 C -u0 ro C T Vro C 0 > O L ° O@¢ `1 L@ ro -O O a+ 2' p�3°L� L C .•_' v v@" 0= -p L v_,y C T L L .-0 L v C U -p L L p C C N U 3 N -p y W L@> O@ ro Oi av+ O '0 N v a N X H U 0 0 _@ N N c v@ u° L O v ro '0 O` L v O_ Y N C L fCy L L✓ 3 C 'C U 0 v U C> � U U ro N y� = m @@ L a C£ o J u ro V v� U .7, _O -0 U N£ -0 -0 � •� • C v N `p N T v m O bA -p C C .� N U � N 0-'0 v �, 3 C v t6 0 N v L C@ -0 L j@ L `— ro V ,� L C v O a O m 0 N K N C v 3 -p -p v 1 w£ r,— 3 6 3 3 0 0° v° v L c �' m y a m c rn u roc c m m> v o 2 m> c E L O m w v c -0 c �- � ro v 3 c nn @ c 0 >_ p Y v F 0 ,- m .N 0 m 3@ a! � a- U `Y 3 m •u •` £ L Y N -6 Q.0 ro v ro U bA N O i' v ..0 L a+ bA C '- H o -O L U m N p m N u U w ,c c m v" o_ -v° N v `° v v ` w f£d L o c 3 m c t6 r r .� vi c vvu, v m `v U v 3 a `v ' > v o v L .` m v' .` u v v m v `v v-0"@ v m` N 3 `v n `w ro c L ro a. > T Y E u' -0 v v `v m o v U v� o_ o @ "� c U o ma O m` y L w u v v ro ro 3@ L -0 bmA� L C .� m U 3 -0 3 v fCy bA @ ro o L 3 4 L m@ C L O 3 w C O v 0 a• v 0 no @ U" m y .� -� C w v v v L r LL L v v v v ;= v' 'N ° a— v Z U L v L C ro Y C t6 U@ -0 3 N L C L in -O L v C Y L N av+ ro .0 H y L y0 @ L m— C@ N ro U ro 3 U LIO O C += 3 v 0 -a L` fmy v C . L LR ro C@ O N v m` L -0 v Y @ to v W -0 — L ti Q fy o ro o U L @ ..+ ] 2 - v 'a L v C v= T N bA r: 3 ro v @, T v m C -0 m D_ w 0 U O a+ m Y L 4 L 'a -a N 'aC+ ro L L O ro> N ` i L C° L°0 U ro L ro ro C° O N L toU 3 >D 6 0 Vo N v @ .0 v 'vw v aNyv � u o'Cu vv a -o-0 v cvn vUO� U ❑ i�wo �� �OL ` v N m J C c Z l v w Q 2 V = 2 J — V v o < O O o ❑ 2 N s a Z V v W J Q •�Ors • wig s .. i'� e 1 -'.. f4 £ O _ Ae., Ne tf ` � � ' OD C � � ❑❑❑ o o- J �` ww oxusa g" fie ` fir, _0 .. - - :asap y o � s l _`p0 O N 0 N U b £ O= Y ❑ y y 0 O m � a 5 a c c Q U U@ m L a) a`)i w 3 J r Ne ❑ ❑ @ L � W OA'i c C 'Oki, a, o V L d o m 72 7 Z LL Tt O N U _ m O O W @ C C vt. N ce y 1 N r ,1 i Z¢ n V p 0 PZcc V �v ❑i O LL C — ❑p N �Z w> ¢Y¢ JOp ccU z O= -O ZQ m rr 3 rcc r3��z Z Q W dw z �V V w Vd 2� d K V Z �x� > p— �¢Z S H— u� oz V Y .N @� v wOw ~pcc¢ p Y 0 ¢� w0 ¢ z w NH ¢�p¢� y�p Sm N¢ JU zVz c 0 �c �� �wzUO� �Z cc ��� J O v > U mO? V DD ZO ma Q2i¢w VZ� �~Q ZU Z�Z <S� v > 0 0w V �0 N> 0"'�ccw i.i Y 2 2' 00 JY ON H H m u �Y d w V N> �>vp�LL pOp V V V- J J V J `�'S W > 1 C� d 1 F- a V m 0 0 0 0 0❑ o ❑ 0 0 0 0 0 5. N �u` w N Z V W z V O W VIceZ n J J Z V J j v R ._ = Z N H Q ¢ N❑ S C > ce L)V S¢W 0 U ' CC ~ U O J W J W J} S O O Q O C (6 c 3 N W W 0 W Q J ¢ ¢ d L ce D Z S U S S Z Q O Q Z Z Q Q O J> J p J J J N C R W N > > J > H LL V W V O W V¢ ¢ H Qc ¢ H CC ¢ J ¢ H Q H H O O ti L U.0 _a Z Z Z w Z W— N CC 2� W W W K U !yj 2� N Z W< V W Q W Q@ v ° u V V U� cn 71- CC CJKZ v1Uw O HO N z Opp pOS V HN W HZ V v! N N �p ZZ �pcc �0 V W Z�¢ ZHZY `DLL Z N o R v c W W W 00 OQ W W U 00cu S� N S Q K W 2QH SJQO O J V O S 0 V V V El El 0 0 0 ❑ 0 0 0 " 3O Cie U V S Z n¢ N W Z O W J d S ccp NO_ W W< v v v O F Z H Z Zcn U U w� Z VQO= OQ V Y N -.� w c o_ Z Z p ° O Y ccs O w- i „ O v c D Y m J p V 2 ��H 0 NO HQ ¢~N w=V Z Z V S d K Z¢ W U V Z ¢ Z S U J¢ S K V K Q¢ Q O < J C Z U CL V] N W D O W Q Z� J W W 2 J w W W w Z ¢ Q N = O Q J ¢ Y° C vi O Z S W K Q W Z V] Z ¢ K p K Z Z K Q' cc < H U S Z Z S~ U R-0 N vU E L N C u. R ❑� z 0 � U p J J OS CL D�z P � 3 _ Q 3 O O O 5 Z o¢ u w Q > W O Q w= J Q= W V Z Q� Q w Z w ¢ w w 2 o O > ❑ U c v o J m C CC N w 1 w W J W 2� CC H d t6 C C@E O IS El 0 0 0 0 0 0 0❑ �C °I ro v vL ropL_v O~=OroR. N ro,Y vC v'C� x-60 v ~Ov roy a� L U ro ro Y 0 v@ O H O C O L v`i .Q_+J C ro .0 ro N v H N .0 O U v ro to L 3 EL v ro m v u.o v.= c .o a° �— a c 3 c ro c> v 3 ro ro v N 0 ° � w u `v u' v v @ O L ro d�� Ep�p� L v ~ L N -0 N N y' N U to w v E in U` i C �y C C a1 ro C£ i. 'a O N C� ''L m N N Tui _ro v J =@ � y0 C i w W N m L vUi O m v U C u a.0 L v U 'o v -- ro 4,5 UO y L v v v _ u O" c c ro O v L ro u V v d ro u r m w E: 'aL m r c > O r w' c v N •� .` v ro L T N c w •cow o ro 0 a vroi L O °c ro 3 v 0£ vTi in O L m C N v O cn cC v v L ro v v o v rn cc v O c .0 a cc` CL 3 ' C L O L w U ro ro N U u "t E, a C C Y< C L L i6 £ w< - N 0 L O ro m o v' >.y U 0 `Y O v u v -° r v c` �' T O @ O N O v .0 u H 0 L r u 0 y O ] N -O N C .- v L L U .,r V .- ti L u N U tom ro v Y ¢ v g m lLn . ° L 0° Y a °& u @ vLL u 0 v O .. 0 ro 0. -° 3 3 a v v v £ O v RLU Nw t6 LvvUi=Cv rodw _° C `v =°'� V °0vL, L T L' 2— 0 u u v -6 ro O� w t w ro= O_ — O c p u vv, m� v a `' y u u v v O L E u v o� Q o '° ' m £` v my L ro C> v T p r"�v�i E O L .> v L 0 H c v L„ 0 v v m O m �° O O c£ �n > v c O L N L ro@ O ...: U > @ H UO -O ro O T O -O D_ a O T C i6 U L L b m O .O L ro C L 3 H CO ��K a° ° voL� m.°nLH w o'o vJ s~ v v °-v�vL �'ro O W'C m C •.- v N N -0 N N v v Ou -O C ro L O u o y 0@ ro N 3 L L v N N .y N V O U `° ro j L .v C ro .0 v@> ro a-6 m _O C X ro L N ° O O L TL .@ v 00 ro M N 7 N ` U N y v Z v .:. U U O L O .0 ro O L U _2 -0 T +' C fl- ro 0_ to o' L 3 p O T d U w v ro C Q X v p v 0 ro A C v' O �l _6 N '0 ro 0£ p C w Q ro v v V 0 t° v H Nw� LLJ U L m .C3 L U _O @ ° '- v m v v 3 .` v v ro v o v U '0 v cc v ro ro 3> o .0 c °_vuv O v•"u�mQcron-Oo-=roLvcro vY'�°°°�orov NY.o o E 3 U L 0 v ro c E 3 o v L E° v o v- v v o .` rod roc c -O O•�- 'in L iy 3 N :. ro .L U N y° U •m M L N _ro L L 3£ 0_ ro C -o O w N J .. .. ro L ro a on O L u m v v H N L O w ' o 3 v m `v U• = Y m u - Y° `v 3 v N _ — v 3 C ro °b0-A w0 O 0 U ro@ b - C L -O w X- v > •.�+ C i L m U. i v 2 ro ro v o v Y >. w v y o u av v ro `o ro_ - v> Y ° o L u a, r u E U 0 0 3 N U o v a" 3 ° 0°o vc v vv ro °v o a�°u vu ° 3 `c v �= `o c v° m �r "° o '- i `v H" -° 0 T 0 O L c `v an d O v `' o ro 0 N ro u u v 3 U U = p m v v 'U v U, v ~ v m ' u a -0 —° c c 0 v a p T ' N C` w N C£ ro v -o E .o 0 O .` C Z L H i v m i U -° > ro U ro L =O c T C 6 m '� v .� N T 3 Q-0 C vU O°@ L U `0 L-0 Y C N C 'O E N N UJ .� V ro ro L O `v `v rn o v ro— 3 cn - r a — CL r v @> v u@ c ro. v L v Y o N '" N T c .4 > c o R c� v v— o u� N v�.'�.o ,> c> ro o ro N U L v �) L N m v L -O C L -O UJ to C 'O V . a> N v U L E ro ] .'+ pUj U7 —`C C •bb ..0 R Q C :L 3: 3 L v .'+ .V X_ @ .N+ bD ro ` D_ U U N L C ` ._ C '- •� vUi ro W '- v E U1 L N O R° 0 C O v b .O ro p C L L U v L L L L 0 L C L M, a `o 0 3 '� u m> ._ 3 E U m ._ i a P- o ro d E o u o U N w � e ` r1 i' •. `j n� r` V d Q i CL O O - d b0 T � d V ii = E £ U O V W CL V N ¢ O c cZ V1,'�.. -o U Z Fj W oa SGV ""Iles C O �oSEPR O t00KooT SNE L K w 1SS • U�� `I � + �o m fULC o o U v v96 o =ve •� I y L � � Ab 0 m Vl N o�g o D U ❑ u 02 r O m c c a Q ` O O 3 ❑ ❑ J Y O c ' ¢ N H Z O Z ' J H V Z Q .T+ w }QQ Oz z T)c w Z Z¢ z 0 �w p v° E v 'Nr O > H� = w Z HO U www p p >Q� J <LL N W j .� a -O `v 3 yv' c z¢ Z� J v ❑i O <U z P7 ¢� `o x cU c o c w O S H �Z w} pm Ow0 ~ O vwi ww¢ av @ o m �Lm m¢ cc ¢ p U z O= o° Z r} 3m }3�?z �~ z =v vd �x� }U pz Ui -pz C �'_ o i—cc wOw ~0�¢0 O Y V p <L w v�Q V @ �w c uw CU ZO New Zwz V t- w'� �� viZ ¢ ¢ �p }v ZUZ @ c v'L vL enL Kz V �uwZ¢ vii v~i ¢� w� Sm—w, Jp V 3 c OL ro 0 �� J�D �Z V> V �� �0V �O gip' HOH QHQ ¢Zw ¢H �U z0z `w V �.s c 0'=v c , v U OVA dnCL w 0 pV �la cc 00 ¢}O�3d Vv> �>v0�=Opo vpS ��2� o@.�vvo @c vCv �- J m V V C W V V V V- J J V J> 1 U d d d @@ L -C u L to C 0 0 0 0 0❑❑ o ❑ o 0 0 ❑%L N.O R C6 v@� O U OuL H UUU E w ro o_Y v N O O v N OwO '- u = -- N w Z L U L 'O W Occ Q U J Q U JAZ - w v m HQ V ye z ¢N❑ Q ¢ cc Cie c c -a a 3 0-0 U O¢d ��~� Oww Jw v W N>> J}� > a v V V cc wU v J O p, w u@ L 3 u o v a -C wU0 Q J QO¢ _ > Q D Z D w D S Z Z J D — w v ~ v o O L p 'Oo v J p J} J S > Jw - J V >Z >Ow > W ¢Y ¢SCC ¢JQN Z� JW >7 a Z Z Z w >HU LL_ z w f— V N 2' V Cw CC V LLI V ¢ww HQ 2E N H Z w U J = @C@ bA u 0 > O C U W m W > O O O O W O W O Z — c� D O s W U S S N S D S S Q O S J Q O V J O c S V< V O Z V S J ZC w N pn v L v 'E O N O c w o a@ O u 0 ❑ o ❑ v E 0 0 Q > v V u N z W Q m0¢ >d S W S J¢ K W V D nw Zd W Q W w ZW S W w S O N E c yLb 0 C 0 0 a 0 El El o❑ U < U ucL LE 2 U a c c o IFA LR v a u W Q a= c v r' N @ - s. U@ Ou V 3 U Ou e� O c ' ¢ N H Z O Z ' J H V Z Q .T+ w }QQ Oz z T)c w Z Z¢ z 0 �w p v° E v 'Nr O > H� = w Z HO U www p p >Q� J <LL N W j .� a -O `v 3 yv' c z¢ Z� J v ❑i O <U z P7 ¢� `o x cU c o c w O S H �Z w} pm Ow0 ~ O vwi ww¢ av @ o m �Lm m¢ cc ¢ p U z O= o° Z r} 3m }3�?z �~ z =v vd �x� }U pz Ui -pz C �'_ o i—cc wOw ~0�¢0 O Y V p <L w v�Q V @ �w c uw CU ZO New Zwz V t- w'� �� viZ ¢ ¢ �p }v ZUZ @ c v'L vL enL Kz V �uwZ¢ vii v~i ¢� w� Sm—w, Jp V 3 c OL ro 0 �� J�D �Z V> V �� �0V �O gip' HOH QHQ ¢Zw ¢H �U z0z `w V �.s c 0'=v c , v U OVA dnCL w 0 pV �la cc 00 ¢}O�3d Vv> �>v0�=Opo vpS ��2� o@.�vvo @c vCv �- J m V V C W V V V V- J J V J> 1 U d d d @@ L -C u L to C 0 0 0 0 0❑❑ o ❑ o 0 0 ❑%L N.O R C6 v@� O U OuL H UUU E w ro o_Y v N V_ v w N w Z Z O W Occ Z V O w yr Q U J Q U JAZ Z N HQ V ye z ¢N❑ Q ¢ cc U J� 2Qw 0 O¢d ��~� Oww Jw wZw Jwcc W N>> J}� > a v V V cc wU w Q wU0 Q J QO¢ <CL Q D Z D w D S Z Z J D J Z 'r J¢ D! J> O J p J} J S �-- Jw JN > V J V >Z >Ow > W ¢Y ¢SCC ¢JQN Z� JW >7 a Z Z Z w >HU LL_ z w f— V N 2' V Cw CC V LLI V ¢ww HQ 2E N H Z w HQH w Q HU�O w ❑ U W S W W W W N OZ O O O O W O p W O Z Q Z F: FN- w W pc[z �zca c� D O O Q W U S S N S D S S Q O S J Q O V J O c S V< V O Z V S J Z O 0 0 ❑ o ❑ 0 0 0 0 o � - Z Cie U w� V DN¢ Z N W ZCL Zv~—i O W J S w0 W np W < a'a v c@ v O U C O C v E L F Z U d U w< p Z 0 V¢O o_ O V 0 v v u >a�U.c Z p OV C ~ 0 w S Q H W w W Q V_ N N S N L @@ U 'U 0 E w Q V = ZccQ wUV Z o ¢z JQ� �V cQ Z� JW v Y N v E o v— L'n �LNTL 'CC 1N D O SU WH �H Z WO N < C@ CY 0 N V w IS/1 Z W Q Z wz n Q, Q Z F: FN- w W pc[z �zca J W <�� S Q �V S Z ' O¢¢ ZSR ,in @ .@ �V 3 c v > c ❑ Z Z O J U W U� J Q O Wc S< S Jdy< CoQ S S W �Q� cS O< 3Zo Z z� V H W �¢� u V E> v C C C v @y v @ 2 ¢ JO 3 00 z W Q m0¢ >d S W S J¢ K W V D nw Zd W Q W w ZW ¢ CC S W w S O N E c yLb 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 El El o❑ U < U ucL LE 2 U v m urn 'O O "- O u + 4 0 T O 0 v 3 m r¢ 3 L U= cul •O m C 0 m 0 T L C iD C 3 R u Y v cc ! cm 0 roL w ° @v `a N c� u > @ o.P 33 ro p OA ca d O v v> U L L V w '6 r@ v~ m O .� p °- w u V O O v cc L to ` 0> m`-, v v c— 3 m v OA s 0> r 2 0 vu v o m OA u" L� N Oa .0 yC .4 '� N O L L C a; L U C to `v @ 'Y v 'v •� m v > O— v m w d Y 0— O a LE ' N ' CL v o o L o u � g �-0 L> c 3 E v O � v 0 E ` .T L@ J O U v W �_ !' v •r O C U ro m '= v _ c E o25 N c �A n .0 m E 0 E 0 Y ry 0O U> C 3 C, „ Y' U O_ _ m N 4 OA £ v t6 = 0 2-- c O v c R H w y> c c �_ u N@ S 'C „ L L L y L v 3 V v .� u Y .O vUCi 0 ro L Y N N `" E 0 L L >� tUp .C. C Oi C 0 T t6 ti O 3 -0 v .0 a c V r V o v E m v v cA N@ m v 0 'o ._ L m Ll It: v C c N d p O N> � v 0- u v v H d � L� p D .c � v aro c V O b ` @ ,M r c c E m v Y O E v v m 0 0A v L Y@> .0 v `� ro '@ m > m O .o O L O R R O O� L w 0 c O 'Y v L O O O OCA R C c— v>.C+ V V U N O � ++ U L _@ v N N N .£ � L _ v O V C m L 'a 3 N 1v C C. U �E ,- O >> m u '- »j v .� m ,. _ -0 v ` -- a u_ @ C C U �= 'a O -d N -0 o w Y 0 3 0 L L v C✓¢ Y✓ O L y0 .C-, ti C C C L a+ L O] C@ u 0 m .U-, L L R •N iy t6 0U 0 o E u - v 0 s u m i o6 3Ym -0 -a 'E 'R— Ec Z p c a n o o m c 3 p L L 0 .m L U 'c .� rZL O G LL Q.0 3 v c c R v °� Y L_ a: H bA N U N O L bA v w @@ V R L L m O Y 0 E tC C 3 d TL C -O D_ m .0 N L i6 C vUi t^+1 0 u m c 0uL�u0EL° i* Y�xCv=00Co `v0 N q T C v X O N U t6 Ql L C C .N L L v _p N 0> tE 'O U L 3 c m O "c m v c m V .E C L R E 4 rn a 0 m C 0 U L -0 N O ,- ,`y N U OA bA C= 3 L 3 -C R .3 . bA D_ v ''�'' N' 3 0 .T` 00 L 0 L C E❑ N m V L `O =p E in '—_" Z N— 2> t6 C L .0 R L bA t6 N 3@ .U-, Q, >� o w0 >u 0— U u Oro w`oQ u �p F . O O 0 U C C@ M U L S _0 O 0 v N v, L v L R t v v C C L> E_ > vi` .y L E LU L °° b o v v E m LL o o_.N Y 3 o v 'c > a ro E ❑ 3 2 a s cAL ro -2-ER L 1 Y am ❑ E v 3 3 E U `u72 o i � C 4! a o , i J ¢ a Z P � c w C w x'00 J V. c ro O N w O 2 J V iy c V O a� `" ¢ ❑ 2 N ro o Z ' 2 r U ¢ " ° e wgk l 1- !S tlV `� .. C v Ql �1► ¢�` rY L T O O O e. y a v d q s o a U 2D O y L L r y Vo ° _ 'L 'L < O J s L > > 0 0 J } Y �v m @ c }- m LL v O U 3 0 m N C_ T 72 m bo v 07 r Lj U v L c a v o c v w r u v v °- `v v c mD ELi m Loo v= m V. JIf U ¢ JN C C `� > L bA 'Y W - O O v 3;- 1:.,. •. ce O C m u J, 3 ¢ N H Z ZN N H V Z O c Z o0 U v0� OWw O O >¢� O z N W> E@ z¢ U p OP= O ZU uO z w z } W o ¢ z P: i Z w} O m o w o ~ o w¢ N op �3} i� ¢ O_ , ,_ ¢cc¢ J�O ce z Z}} m } ? Z w Z V V P: m d X } U O? v i O? c o i—cc wOw Zpcc¢O O Y� p ¢ ZO New Zw W Vviz ¢ ¢ Op J V z V O i� JOS i�S>� ecce p0 i� JD DOS J~ V ¢mow ¢� =)CL ZOZ CL U Ow »O Oo`5��w �� Z �vwi and w �Q'd W V zee D0 w¢ ¢� J E �L V H =) 0 V ��1Ccc 00 ¢} O �� D �'vOi_ 000 S w wS „mon V S C W V S V V LL _ J J V J> 1 U 1 d d U J ❑ ❑% ❑ ❑% ❑% ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑% ❑ ❑ ❑% ❑% L N L H � Y N V J N L N N To w H Z 0 Q w W O O= V O U w Z ¢ Y G z ¢ v p v J E o CL Q¢ d' U J� SO O¢C O�= w w�-u5 wv5>� v c m2 c V mL V E o _¢ W f- D! f- J W J W ce J} p U L o m aU-r C C C Q r Vl r L) r V W U W p W U O Q J Q O¢ ¢ d 0 v `� — M m C i O T N c to Q 5 Z 5 W S~ J D J 'r J¢ J> J 0 J} J S O O mm 1 O E C N m m D Q� Q� Qw� >z >O'-''' >w� ¢y ¢Hcc ¢�QN v @- cL u eau' p �n J >p>� >�v UN v¢w VQww X¢ X¢v XvO� 3"3U3av o">JvY zZ Zw zwH �� eC V w ecu z w� w�¢ ww'H❑ —.�'c v.�L c v >,. 2 w H H H U W CC W W W W U O ZZ O O S O O K W O O O c p S O O z -' E v 0 E A -QUO L C L m E D O O¢ N S D S¢ H S J¢ O V J V< V V S J v E> N E— m O C E ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ o ❑ ❑ ❑ o P o ce r o E v o S S 3 o O L } w N N Z L 3 c D C U D Z N W Z O J S O W W O U m ,0 U N V C F Z Z Vl U U W Z U¢ O O V cc Z ' C C� cn 2' p O Lu " C N 0 C Z O D Ow O w D P¢ ❑ N m U J p U C p f- ' ¢ ¢~ N W S U Z Z W = aN+ Q V ' N W=¢ Z = ¢ Z W S S K V p c J cc V Q U O O w Z W Z C w ~ d N J J = 3 c CL V] IS/1 Z J Q N Z ¢ Z W W J W Z =¢ S Z �OccZ �Z� ��� SVS ZSz ❑ Z O U¢ w Q O w 5 w O Z U H w =.2 E z U� wwdW gyp¢ �¢— 3zO �i ¢� UL S ¢ 3 �ccZ wQ �w�w ¢Cw ¢ww ¢cC �w w20 c U w0 00 m0¢ >C V w ZC W ZW :c o m ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ 0 0 0 ❑ ❑ {— UL u c v C !^r. M C u C y u v c O m@ ro O u O Y^ cc _6 N V C 'O vvi C f (6 @ O v 0o to @ Kr ro H u v w Y E u J+ • v N O V o to > ~ J vn OA C C ." U C @N N C v v 0 'aCWp @ @ -O J to -0 w O C O 'OIr @ L to v @ 0 3 @ to .m v Y 4, �. t•� Lto O N r CO V O y v❑ @ 1 C° vUi L £ y0 3� V@" L R N L -O > 3 v j CO @ v L'.. {FS .ik^ L _ ° U 07 ❑ y C .. NC U N V 1 Y -O L W `O 3 b0 u U U .. U.> V C t` C .,-, O` bA O N U C .O V O° Y C U W H @ U@ COy 1. C NCL x@ �` 0 U c _@ ,n v v O N 7+ @ L @ tcx ° U om 1012 v> Q u O' Q v to C L T@ UN L W O@ T 3 N@ U v tC E N v N d U 4 H 3 3@ 0 2 v Y a 2 m 2 G 9+t 72 _ M.4RG�UET�E OF. C O d k C V W Y UY:}� b , C U >,- a z.� �. $�" �_-8D 0 L P^ CC O CL v N £ ❑ Q '. v -�J 2 V V] Jas- Q O 36 • � x'95- Md � � � ? ., �' sea �gp-v ZIP a� ® �• { icn w me �i ..cJ � r ��' �r r L C F & s u Y m O y v WW :E. c v o> ❑ O` O o x a ✓ CQ V '� L O v a U m > 0 0 J Y N M V L1 %.6 ¢ N H z Z H V Z p w }Q Q OZ Z Tic w Z Z Q Z O Hw O w cn > HO-' 2 w Z HO U �— pww O O >Qp J <uLL Z¢ �n U O O� O Z� "' J F--N� pi O O Z > w p Q2 H �Z w} Om p Ow0 ~ O vwi ww¢ _ �J m ¢cc¢ J�O �U zW pS� Z r} 3m, r3�?Z n- ~N Z <v vd �x� }U O? vi O? i—c[ wOw �pcc¢O p Y V O ¢ w O¢Z NH v�Q V �O ?wZ V F- �I— ¢� w0 v'w �O� }�O 2m JU ZUZ OW wZ_¢ v��n H I— H �� JOS ��=>� ecce p0 ip J� F-- J~U ¢�U zOz ow -- owu°w» z �� ma W �2dw Vz� NO w¢ ¢¢ V H o-� > V �Ye O-O� -m OV V d- V V V O•-�J -OV >o- Uo_ dHo_ N ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ o ❑ ❑ o m O = nn L F= CL u N v S y N v 5 p ce '-' cc v 0-0 �m-a a;V cc u v m v@@ O c v°.-'EoUvco E E Y @ O U T 2r.w �V.� ��❑ V_ v w N W Z Z O V W Oce Z V O w yr O U J Q V JpZ W 1~ N C N U N T C C O L C L_ £ v H E H¢ Q y� z ¢N_p > Q ¢ 2i U J _¢ S W O p 1 O W W W ~ J W W Z W J w ce W V7 J} Q. S > v V w V cc wU W O wU0 Q J QOQ QdOce Q Z W 3 S~ Z J p J 'r J¢ J> O J z O J} J S D J W JN > U J V U >Z >O W> W ¢Y ¢SCC ¢JQN z0 0 J W pW >> a z Z Z W > LL Z W f U N D! U Q W D! V w V¢ w w Q cc E2 N I_ z W< Q W Q W K o U W S W W W W N pZ O O O O W O O W O Z �¢O� p�� CC C 0 O Q W U p Q N S p S 2 Q H O 2 J Q p V J O S V V O Z V 2 J 3 O O ❑ ❑ ❑ o o ❑ ❑ ❑ o m O = nn L F= CL u N v S y N v 5 p ce '-' cc v 0-0 �m-a a;V cc u v m v@@ O c v°.-'EoUvco E E Y @ O U T 2r.w �V.� ��❑ Z03 b, 2 U v CieH U V S ZU H Z W J N H W 1~ C N U N T C C O L C L_ £ v H E F z z� v w� z N VQo ° <cc 3 c �3 u=>.c v �r z pw O w j H O J 0 ' S Z K¢ O_ p Q Z J Q S V K ¢ Z K L N N N OJ >0 0 U W U V Z D O S V W Z W Z W O CL N < J W pW 6 O m @ C C v O L L O< O c C n '� iY O V V W v= Z K W Q W Z N ¢ Z ¢ F: W W K O CC Z Z K J W c K< S< Q H V S S Z Q¢ Z S H 6 v R C v N u L U v� 'Q tE C O L C b ❑p ZO �Up w� �¢O� p�� pew O� 3¢° ZZ V Hw 0 TS v v��.i �� vLd S Q O 3 O O �ccZ wQ 0¢> �wj� ¢°w Z ¢ww Z p 5w w=0 p r� E E c m -o c O -o J m d V cc N W d W W > J W cc D! 1 —, —, v v : . N U bA L L m v 0 N El N El El El El ElfL— . ��� R 2 2 a ro m 2 M' Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 132 Appendix 6: Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower Technical Studies r Page 146 of 732 r PIONEER TOWER INVESTIGATION Woodside National Historic Park Kitchener, Ontario pm Prepared by UMA Engineering Ltd. / Martin Weaver Conservation Consultant Inc. �. Ottawa, Mississauga and New York January 1996 Page 147 of 732 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 30 January 1996 Page 14 M TERMS OF REFERENCE HISTORIC BACKGROUND & DESCRIPTION INVESTIGATION A) METHODOLOGY i) Visual Inspection ii) Coring iii) Instrument Testing iv) Impact -echo Testing v) Laboratory Testing vi) Structural Analysis B) OBSERVATIONS ANALYSIS OF TEST RESULTS DIAGNOSIS THERAPY CLASS "C" COST ESTIMATE CONCLUSION APPENDIX I - Photographs APPENDIX II - Table of Instrument Measurements APPENDIX III - Tekron Services Inc. Report rpm APPENDIX IV - Drawings APPENDIX V - Table of Calculated Stresses APPENDIX VI - Photographs of Concrete Core Sections APPENDIX VII - Class "C" Cost Estimate Pioneer Tower Investigation 9725-061-00 ice^ n:rAaec�avr...sao, �eu.ax Page 1 30 January 1996 Page 14 M ,I TERMS OF REFERENCE F - UMA Engineering Ltd./Martin Weaver Conservation Consultant Inc. were retained by Parks Canada/Ontario Region, to carry out an investigation of the Pioneer Tower, Woodside National Historic Park, in Kitchener, Ontario. This study is to assess the condition of the tower, recommend appropriate action and provide a Class C cost estimate for proposed repairs. HISTORIC BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION I'" Pioneer Tower (formally known as Doon Tower) was constructed as a monument and observation tower, commemorating the early settlement of Waterloo County by Pennsylvania Germans. It symbolizes the Geiman-Canadian community's attempt to re- establish their self --worth and loyalty to Canada following the events of World War 1. MR W. H. Breithaupt, a prominent consulting engineer in Kitchener, was credited with initiating and completing the Tower project and is recognized as the founder and honorary president of the Waterloo County Pioneers' Memorial Association. PM P" cm— r- r The Association purchased property along the bank of the Grand River - formally the homestead of Samuel Bricker Sr. (one of the area's first settlers) - to build the monument. Construction of the tower began in May 1925 and was completed in August 1926. The circular tower measures 68 feet high, rising from an octagonal shaped concrete foundation and base. The concrete structure is faced with local fieldstone and is topped by a copper roof A hexagonal reinforced concrete deck serves as an observation platform. A narrow wooden staircase leads up to the deck. At the official opening in 1926, an Historic Sites and Monuments Board plaque was unveiled. In 1991 the Federal Heritage Building Review Office designated the building as a Classified historic asset, the highest heritage designation. Pioneer Tower Investigation Page 2 9725-001-00 30 January 1996 ii: � I' AtUEL1S W ]] 5 �S'Itl V F 4A6, p(1C Page 14I r■* i INVESTIGATION A) METHODOLOGY The site was visited on several occasions by our team in February and March 1995, to carry out a condition survey. This was achieved by using four methods of investigation: i) Visual Inspection The interior face of the wall was inspected from the staircase and the exterior face and the underside of the observation deck with the aid of binoculars. Locations of cracks in the walls were noted, areas of deteriorated concrete, locations of demeq points and tell -tales installed and monitored by PW & GSC, and areas of cracking around the edge of the observation deck. Analysis of wood elements and the roof structure were not included in this contract. ii) Corin Three dry drilled cores were taken from the interior face of the concrete wall for revaluation: 1) a 50 mm dia., 300 mm long core at approximately 1200 mtn up from the rground level slab; 2) a 40 mm dia., 75 mm long core near mid -height of the tower; r3) a 40 mm dia., 75 mm long core approximately 650 mm down from the underside of the observation deck. iii) Instrument Testing rSeveral tests were carried out on March 12, 1995, to help assess the condition of the structure. The interior face of the concrete was not 'sounded' with a rubber mallet due to the poor condition of the surface which crumbles at a touch. rBoth concrete slabs were chain -dragged to determine if there was evidence of delarnination. A metal detector was employed to establish the location of metal reinforcement rin the walls and observation deck. i Pioneer Tower Investigation 9725-001-00 IIMS ra 51P[i ER N� Page 3 30 January 1996 Page 150 of 732 P" A variety of electronic instruments were employed to take readings at the three core locations: r*- a) Protimeter Mini - to read moisture levels, on the surface and inside the core holes; b) Salts Detector - to determine the presence of salts in the concrete; c) Surface temperature; d) Diagnostic Mk. IV - to read temperature and humidity levels within the flower. iv) Impact -Echo Testing Impact -echo instrumentation allows for non-destructive analysis of inner core conditions. Tekron Services Inc. was engaged by public Works to study the structure and detect the presence of inner wall deterioration, i.e.: cracks; debonding; and disintegration of the core. The tests were carried on March 16 and 19. A grid was established using string around the interior circumference of the concrete wall. The strings were spaced 1.5 meters apart and marked off vertically at 1.0 meter intervals. Findings are summarized under 'Analysis & Recommendations', and Telaon's report is found in Appendix I11. v) Laboratory Testing rte^ Cores were sectioned and polished in the laboratory. These sections were photographed under a powerful microscope at a scale of 100X. The resulting photos were examined in an attempt to measure the air void content of the concrete. r - vi) Structural Analysis Because of the difficulties in obtaining the compressive strength of the concrete, it was decided to carry out a stress analysis to determine the actual stresses in the concrete. This would then allow an engineering assessment of the integrity of the structure using an assumed compressive strength for the concrete. Pioneer Tower Investigation 9725-001-00 111PROlF . 972,q RR1tmA Page 4 30 January 1996 Page 151 M - B) OBSERVATIONS The interior surface of the concrete structure of the tower has a number of structural cracks. These are being monitored by Historic Sites Service (HSS) by means of glass tell- tales and Demeq points. HSS staff advise that no movement has been detected in the latest readings. We have marked with a pencil the ends of the cracks. This will allow us to determine in the future if the cracks are lengthening. The interior surface of the concrete is deteriorating and in places this deterioration has reached a depth of 30 mm. Debris is falling regularly from this surface as evidenced by "" the large amount of material that is collected by maintenance personnel each spring. The exterior stonework is generally in good condition. A bulge is evident on the north east face of the tower 314 of the way to the deck. am The top deck was surveyed for delamination and none was found. There is some cracking in the edge of the top deck which is allowing water to penetrate as evidenced by the efflorescence at the underside of the deck edge. W. There is some deterioration of the concrete edge details on the top deck, particularly in one corbel which is cracked. ,W The survey with a metal detector revealed that the tower is basically un -reinforced with some indication of rebar around windows and at the exterior and interior edge of the top deck. OR r Small pieces of metal were detected at various locations in the structure. These are believed to be pieces of wire from the formwork, nails, and pieces of mica in the aggregate. Pioneer Tower Investigation 9725-001-00 I l r fk< tl rUW.9721%1'16N FSB. W Page 5 30 January 1995 Page 152 of 732 M. 7 rM ANALYSIS OF TEST RESULTS Impact Echo Tests The impact echo testing is qualitative rather than quantitative for this type of application. There were strong indications that the concrete structure of the tower is suffering internal as well as the very visible surface deterioration. Specific problems noted in the impact -echo testing are: 1. There appears to be a large delamination or void at the upper left corner of the door (looking from the inside). This was most likely due to a leakage in the formwork in the original construction which allowed the cement paste to leak out. 2. The red dots are indicative of shallow delaminations. Five (5) locations were noted. These are representative of the surface deterioration which is very apparent in this structure by visual inspection. The recommended remedial action would involve scaling off the loose concrete. At that time these specific locations can be inspected further to determine if there are any other defects. As with all conservation projects, it will be important to observe and record the as - found condition of the structure during the conservation work to gain insight into the correlation between the test results and the as -found condition. This is particularly important in the case of impact echo testing because it is a new process and we must obtain as much data as possible if this is to develop further as an investigation tool. 3. Tekron observed that the defects seemed more prevalent in the lower part of the tower. This coincides with our own observations. We believe that this is so because of construction methods. Concrete construction was not widely used at that time in this area. There was probably a learning process with the crews on this site. As the structure progressed, so then did their knowledge and skill in mixing and placing the concrete. Structural Analysis The tower structure was analysed for gravity, wind and earthquake loads using the standards of the National Building :;ode of Canada 1990 version. Both Working Stress and Limit States design methods were used. Pioneer Tower Investigation 9725-001-00 Ii-pRo)RCT 9m, rwvEER Page 6 30 January 1996 Page 153 of 732 0 Based on our past experience with historic concretes, and contemporary concretes with poor aggregates and curing and mix design problems, we believe that the concrete in the Pioneer Tower has a compressive strength of at least 2,000 PSI (16.7 MPa). In the absence of more precise information, we recommend that this value be used for all detailed design on this project. When compared to the calculated stresses under code load, one sees that expected stresses are very low in relation to the assumed strength. Thus any inaccuracy in estimating the compressive strength will have little consequence for the purposes of this report. Laboratory Testing Laboratory testing for air void content was an experimental process in the early stages of development by our team. We have still not worked out all the problems of photographing the polished samples with a scaling device visible in the photos. This scaling device is essential for determining air void content as only the voids in a certain size range are effective in providing freeze -thaw protection to concrete. Timing and resources for this project do not currently allow further pursuit of this program at this time. The size of core sample was minimized in order to reduce the degree of intervention in the structure in accordance with good conservation practice. The cores were taken principally to provide a visual record of the interior of the structure and to provide samples for the air -void determination experiment. Unfortunately this size of core is too small for standard compressive strength testing. Results from other testing (soluble salts) have indicated the freeze -thaw protection of the structure is compromised and thus the air void content determination is not critical to this process. Similarly the determination of the concrete strength is not essential to this process since the structural analysis has determined that the tower is not highly stressed in its current configuration. Field `Testing Field tests on the cores with the Protimeter instrument indicated that the concrete contains "substantial deposits" of soluble salts and that the interior of the cores have a high moisture content. Tabular values are included in Appendix II Pioneer Tower Investigation Page 7 9725-001-00 30 January 1996 Page 154 of 732 G DIAGNOSIS The exterior of the stonework is generally in good condition. The bulge in the north east face should be investigated further with the assistance of a heritage mason when the tower is scaffolded for the conservation work. If there is a void behind the stone, the bulge should be dismantled and rebuilt or the stones pinned back with an anchoring system suitable for conservation work such as the Cintec System.. All loose mortar should be removed and replaced with a compatible heritage mortar. The concrete work at the top should be restored using a concrete patching system which will be compatible with the original material, such as the Dr. Crete system. Consideration should be given to providing a waterproof traffic coating to the observation deck. This is an intervention to the original fabric and was not part of the original design. However, the exclusion of water from the structure is one of the key therapy procedures which should be implemented to save this structure. The conservation process does allow the addition of new building components where the intervention is warranted to save the structure. We believe this is warranted in this case. The deterioration of the inside face of the structure appears to be due to the high incidence of soluble salts in the concrete. These salts fill the available air voids in the concrete matrix and eliminate any freeze -thaw protection the air voids provided. These salts may also be attacking the hydrated cement in the concrete mix. The soluble salts fill the air voids where there is evaporation (i.e. at the interior surface) that allows the salts to be deposited in crystalline form. This explains why deterioration is progressing from the interior. This also indicates that the deterioration will take place progressively until nothing remains of the wall. The removal of the salts through a poulticing and protection process, and the reduction in PV„ moisture in the walls through effective waterproofing is essential to the longevity of this structure. The salt removal can be done using an alkali silicate sequestering agent applied by injection and poulticing. Once the removal is complete the concrete should be consolidated using a micro silicate application. DO NOT consolidate before salt removal. Pioneer Tower Investigation Page 8 9725-001-00 30 January 1996 l' WW uECT MxTKI F.F.N.6 Page 155 of 732 Another level of protection would be the elimination of freezing of the concrete. This could only be done by heating the tower on a continuous basis. This solution would carry a high operating cost and would not necessarily eliminate a deterioration mechanism caused by interaction of the soluble salts and the cement or aggregate in the concrete matrix. THERAPY The following scope of work outlines the conservation work recommended to stabilize this structure: l . Repointing of exterior stone. 2. Investigate and stabilize the exterior bulge. 3. Restore exterior stone and concrete details. 4. Traffic coating to top deck. 5. Scale loose material from interior. 6. Remove salt from the interior face. 7. Consolidate the interior surface. P-� CLASS "C" COST ESTIMATE We estimate the cost of the above scope of work to be: $48,000.00 in current dollars. This estimate includes a contingency, inspection and testing, contractor's overheads and mark-up and GST. It does not include design fees, engineering consultants, field review and Parks Canada project management, financing and administration fees. Pioneer Tower Investigation Page 9 9725-001-00 30 January 1996 111Pk[UF)Cf!.%MYRON�G ]C Page 156,. r r M. r r r r 7 I CONCLUSION The Pioneer Tower is suffering deterioration of the interior concrete core. The stability and safety of the tower is not threatened at this time. However, the deterioration mechanism is ongoing and will eventually lead to destruction and collapse of the tower if left unattended. 711)+ SSI Report pr ared by: ©1C h G' l iiii; �. I I[IEN rn Eric P. ]okinen, P. Eng. r J_ o Pioneer Tower Investigation 9725-001-00 Pagc 10 30 January 1996 Page 157 of 732 APPENDIX I - Photographs Pioneer Tower Investigation 9725-001-00 u.�raaccn vna�riou�aoc 30 January 1996 �.�' iM��y� Photo 2: Window & exterior stonework mm Page 159 of 7�32� r r r r r u r Photo 3: Interior crack in concrete - epoxy repair Photo 4: Stone bulge lk M- F" r Rjm f I R �l Photo 7: Top deck deterioration Photo $: Corbel deterioration Page 162 of 732 Photo 9: Stone joint deterioration Page 163 of 732 APPENDIX II - Table of Instrument Measurements Pioneer Tower Investigation 9725-001-00 30 January 1996 Page 164�'f F. 0 U o © -zt � o m L)uoE- N m ti O LO N O1 vi CJkdam] 0 td Cd �<U .� 72 c C*1 m � O Qt M b U C W [r] Q 0 `3 -0 v as kr)tt V m .w ca W R5 � -- 4' C U41 Q `� U •� 1 o O N eV p ti CD z�ac cl 0-4 F. 0 U o © -zt � o m L)uoE- N m ti O LO N O1 APPENDIX III - Tekron Services Inc. report f�. r" WW MR Pioneer Tower Investigation 9725-001-00 I� II: J•kUFLCT.'„li13�Altl�'F.}:R.p%' 30 January 1996 Page 166 of 732 7 - March 24, 1995 UMA Engineering Ltd. 5080 Commerce Blvd. Mississauga, Ontario " Lel W 4P2 I— IMN Tekron Services Construction Materials Consultants ATTENTION Mr. Eric Jokinen In P.En . ISE: lrnpact-Echo Testing, Pioneer Tower, Kitchener, Ontario Dear Sirs, Our Ref:95014 This letter presents our report of impact -echo testing of the interior concrete at the Pioneer "Dower, Kitchener, Ontario. Procedure Impact -echo tests were carried out during March 16 and 19, 1995. A grid was set up around the inside circumference of the tower using a total of 6 string lines, each approximately 1.5 meters apart and marked at 7 meter intervals. An impact -echo test was carried out at each marker. In addition several tests were made to determine the p -wave speed by measuring the speed of travel of surface R-waves between two impact -echo heads. By its sensitive nature, the impact -echo equipment cannot define the thickness of the shallow delamination, hUt produces a characteristic signal response. These locations were nominally defined as having a thickness of 75 mm and where possible, another impact -echo test was done outside this zone to define shell thickness. 'rel. (905) 279-8072 2543 Palisowh2r AN'ettua. Missi%sauga, Ontario. C:awtda. L5 21-1 Pawl(U)9SZW ow March 24, 1995 2 95014 Impact -Echo Instrument The impact -echo instrument is constructed in two parts which are electrically connected by 8m of coaxial cable and is illustrated in figure 1. The first part, known as the Mark II test head, is a hand held unit which houses a surface movement transducer . This design has a single point footprint which enables impact -echo testing on rough surfaces. It is constructed using a stainless steel cylinder with a conical tip. A surface movement transducer with a projecting, shielded sensitive point, is positioned in the cone. The stainless steel casing is sufficiently waterproof to allow the Mark II head to be used in wet and relatively hostile environments. The second part of the impact -echo instrument is a rugged, portable computer of military quality, capable of rapidly reading the electrical impulses sent by the transducer. With the computer program active, the hand held unit is pressed down on the surface of the masonry which is given a light tap using one of the spherical steel balls supplied with the instrument. This produces elastic waves in the body of the material. The transducer measures the surface movement caused by these oscillating waves. Since the computer samples the resulting electrical impulses at known rates, the duration of oscillation is known and can be calculated by Fast Fourier transformation into frequencies. F, The computer screen displays 3 graphs approximately 2 seconds after tapping the surface of the material. Figure 2 illustrates a typical impact -echo screen display. The top graph is a display of the surface movement captured by the transducer. The bottom graph is the frequency spectrum as calculated by the Fast Fourier transformation. The middle graph is the normalised version of the frequency spectrum in term of the depth of the structural element under examination, where the total thickness represents 104 percent. From these three displays, the wave form can be checked for proper signal acquisition and by ! manipulation of a cursor, the peak frequency can be obtained. If required, this data an be saved on the hard drive of the computer for future analysis. R Tekron Services Page 168 of 732 March 24, 1995 3 95014 Principals of Impact -Echo Technique A tap on the surface of materials such as stone, concrete or asphalt will generate transient elastic waves. A Rayleigh wave (R-wave) is initiated which travels across the surface in a similar manner to a ripple travelling across a pond. A shear wave (S -wave) is also generated together with a compression wave (P-wave). The major significance of these elastic waves is that they will travel through heterogeneous materials such as concrete without any significant distortion or reflection by inclusions or aggregates, but they are reflected by any sudden change in acoustic impedance such as occurs at the back face of the material under test or the presence of a crack. Unlike ultrasonic testing where the transmitting and receiving transducers have to be separated (usually on opposite sides of the r� material tinder test), research revealed that measurement of the P-waves produced the most meaningful signal response. This is achieved by maintaining the transducer and impactor on one side of the material under test as close to one another as possible. This factor alone has opened a wide range of construction problems which .can be addressed by this technology. When the surface of a brittle material is given a sharp tap, a one time pass of the R-wave is first recorded by the transducer. At the same time, a P-wave propagates downwards and is reflected from the bottom surface of the material back to the top surface where it is again reflected back into the material. This process repeats itself several times, with gradually diminishing energy. An illustration of the surface displacement caused by this effect on a concrete wall is given in figure 1. The impact -echo computer is set to sample the surface movement transducer at a known rate and consequently the time taken for the P-wave to oscillate between the top and bottom surfaces can readily be computed. For accurate measurement of the depth, several oscillations of the P-wave must occur during a test, enabling the period or frequency of the wave to be computed by Fast Fourier transformation. In solid materials this produces a single frequency peak, known as the dominant peak frequency, also illustrated in figure 1. There is a simple mathematical relationship between the dominant peak frequency obtained by this calculation and the MM Tekron Services Page 169 of 732 M" r it r r r March 24, 1995 4 95014 depth of travel of the P-wave. To relate this frequency to the actual thickness of the material being tested, the speed of travel of the P-wave material must be known. This is readily measured by testing a known thickness of the material, either in-situ or in cores. Recent research has produced an additional technique to measure the p -wave speed. In this technique, the time of travel of the surface Rayleigh wave between two impact -echo heads is measured. Research has established a consistent relationship between the speed of travel of the R-wave and the speed of travel of the P-wave. This method has now been simplified by the development of computer software, to be used in conjunction with the impact -echo instrument and has been found extremely useful in the evaluation of historical masonry where core samples or known thicknesses are not readily available. Results of Tests Measurements taken around the window areas of the tower indicated that the shell thickness was approximately 350 mm. Using in-situ tests with two impact -echo test heads, a P-wave speed of 3000 m/s was selected as the factor to be used in determining the depth of penetration of the P-waves. In most cases, the impact -echo responses did not produce a simple dominant peak characteristic of sound concrete or concrete fractured at a single plane, but included several minor peaks. This is characteristic of concrete containing numerous defects causing the impact -echo signal to be reflected at several of the internal boundaries. These types of signals were more prevalent in the lower half of the tower and becoming less predominant towards the top of the tower. It was noted that this pattern was consistent with the internal surface which was almost completely degraded in the lower half of the tower and intact near the top. In some cases penetration depths in excess of 440 rnm were recorded. In these r cases there may be sufficient bond between concrete shell and the outer stone finish to enable the p -waves to penetrate to the front face of the tower. r 1P Tekron Services Impact -N eho test result 0) F -r Fekrun Services Page 170 of 732 FAM March 24, 199.5 5 95614 The results of the impact -echo tests are given in Table 1 where the depth of penetration of the impact -echo signals are given in millimetres. The results show that there are considerable regions of the concrete walls where fracturing has been detected. These regions are illustrated in the contour map of the results revealing that the lower section of the tower has the most extensive internal deterioration. At a few locations shallow delaminations were noted. These locations are marked by a red circle on the contour plan. Conclusions The rough concrete surface observed inside the tower is not the cause of the multiple m.p-wave signals but is symptomatic of the degradation within the concrete shell. The results of the impact -echo tests have confirmed that there is considerable fracturing within the concrete shell, particularly in its the lower section where there is a substantial reduction in the thickness of sound concrete. Damage to the concrete has likely been caused by freezing and thawing producing many internal fracture planes. r We trust that this summary of our work on your behalf is adequate for your present purposes. Should you have any questions related to this work please call us. Yours Truly TEKRON SERVICES R rieve fp" Tekron Services Page 171 of 732 Table 1 Impact -Echo Test Results P-wave Penetration (mm) Page 172 of 732 Circumference metres Height metres 0 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 10 444 383 444 444 380 380 9 383 309 236 258 236 340 8 309 236 337 383 256 309 7 75 383 278 278 278 307 6 444 309 236 383 139 309 5 258 309 444 309 309 279 4 307 258 278 220 337 337 3 337 383 309 171 161 128 2 75 337 309 337 383 100 1 75 75 278 205 154 161 0 340 206 192 279 310 340 Page 172 of 732 19- 7 Impact -Echo Principles Figure I )Impact -Echo equipment with Mark 11 head attached Surface Displacement A tap on the surface of concrete will generate transient stress waves Including P-waves, Surface Movement � succesive P -Waves which oscillate between the top and bottom j faces of the concrete under test. Close to the E 1 point of impact, P-waves produce surface _ movements which can be measured by the impact -echo equipment. The rate that P-waves arrive at the surface depends on the distance R -Wale travelled and the speed of the P-waves 0 6o 100 160 200 260 Time (micwxts) Frequency Spectrum - The impact -echo equipment computes the surface f7011,i„a„r Peek re�e»�, 9.8 kHz displacement into the frequency domain. When Elie travel speed of d -re P-wave through concrete is t i known, characteristics of the frequency spectrum Actual `[-t,icl:,,ess 2o0,»,,, enable trained operators to determine properties of P-wave speed MDMA the concrete under test such as thickness, depth of Measured Thickness 199mm delamination and presence of defects including honeycombing and quality of bond. o to w� 30 40 so M kHz Tekrdn Services 173 of 732 r - F" ,T Typical Signal Responses Figure 3, #'LAVE :!::�: :�<•,: ::�::,:�: ,: :.,rEST:1Bf ,.,=STROCT`:pibbie6; .................. AMP 2 19 M 95 18:46:19 Peak kHz n THK 4.29 0.358 3008 CUR 4.4S 6.337 96z TOP 58i 1081 :102Q :2' uSPC: J. 13.5 27.9 40,5 54.0 67.5 kHz TEST# 73 F2-CHNC PARAMS, F3 -AUTO ANAL, F4-SAUE TEST, F7 -SAVE ASCII, F9-WRVEFORM F18-CALC PARAMS, <+r->-NEX1/LRST, <Space> -SEARCH, <TABS>-FREQ SCALE, <Esc> -EXIT PLATE TEST Ile STRUCI pioneer 1 J .ffJ f � RMP 2 19 MAR 95 18:49:21 . Peak kHz n THK 4.29 0.358 3000 CUR 3.91 0.383 IHJx TOP 5Bx 108r . . .. .. .. .. 1824 Q '2 uSEC.. . 13.5 27.0 40.S 54.0 67.5 kHz TESTI 76 F2-CHNC PRRAMS, F3 -AUTO ANAL, F4 -SAVE TEST, F7 --SAVE ASCII, F9-WRUEFORH FIB-CALC PARAMS, <+/->-NEXT/LAST, «pace>-SERRCH, <TABS>-FREQ SCALE, <Esc>-EX1T Examples of signal response from solid section of concrete shell Tekron Services Page 175 of 732 Lw—a Typical Signal Responses Figure 4. PLATE TEST id STRUCT:pioneer ... ............ �•�. ......... ... ............ .......... AMP 2 19 MAR 9S 17:R7:4[a Peak kHz n THK 4.29 0.3G CUR 5.48 8.27 TOP 5Bi 1138Y 1024: R "2 u5EC . . 13.5 27.0 49.5 54.9 67.5 kHz F4 - SIORE MODIFIED WAVEFORM IN TEST DRTR FILE, ARROW KEYS - AMP SPEC CURSOR, PRESS ANY KEY TO EXIT FUNCTION PLATE TEST .4d STRUCI:pioneer .. ............... ........ .. /VW .......... AMP 2 19 MAR 95 1 :28: Peak kHz n THK 4.29 8.358 3808 CUR 9.32 0.161 4Bz TOP ri 13.5 27.8 48.5 54.0 67.5 kHz TEST# 25 F2-CHNC PAEANS, F3 -AUTO ANAL, F4-SAUE TEST, F7 -SAVE ASCII, F9-WAUEFORM F18-CALC PARAMS, <+,,->-NEXT/LAST, <Space> -SEARCH, <TRUS>-FREQ SCALE, <Esc> -EXIT Examples of signal response where multiple fractures of concrete shell are indicated Tel:ron Services Page 176 of 732 Typical Signal Responses Figure 5. PLATE TEST:3f STRUCT:Pioneer ....... :.:.... �, ...... AMP 2 19 MAR 95 17 Peak kHz n THK 4.29 9.3� CUR 14.72 8.1E TOP 50i 1001 1024: Q 2: uSEC. . . 13,5 27.6 48.5 59.8 67.5 kHz TESTI# 19 F2-CHNC PARAMS, F3-AUTo ANAL, F4 -SAVE TEST, F7 -SAVE ASCII, F9 -WAVEFORM FIB -CALL PARAMS, <+/->-NEXT/LAST, <Space> -SEARCH, <TADS> -FRED SCALE, <Esc> --EXIT PLATE TEST:2f STRUCT:pioneer . ...... AMP 2 FLAW AT 162 rrro FP, 1.130 19 MAR 95 17:10:26 IBx 0.80 20Y 0.00 Peak kHz n 30;, 0.06 40. 0.81 50% 0.99 60Y 0.08 70z0.00 Box 0.01 98i 0.00 99X 0.B8 THK 4.29 8.358 3888 CUR 9.32 0.161 96Z TOP 1024-9 .2 usl C 13.5 27.8 40.5 54.0 67.S kHz F4 - STORE MODIFIED WAVEFORM 1M TEST DATA FILE, ARROW KEYS - AMP SPEC CURSOR, PRESS ANY KEY TO EMIT FUNCTION Examples of signal response showing major fracture within concrete shell Tekron Services Page 177 of 732 Pioneer Tower Figure 6. Impact -echo testing; the inside walls Evaluating the P-wave speed using; two impact -echo heads Tekron Services Page 178 of 732 Pioneer Tower Figure 7. Grid Lines i View of inside concrete surface from tole of staircase (facing entrance) Note: grid string lines -4� Grid Lines �} V M View of inside concrete surface from top of staircase (opposite entrance) Note: grid string lines Tekron Services Page 179 of 732 r pp rt r m" pm r PM mm Pioneer Tower investigation 9725-001-00 i�:,rufuF -In'llxrrx�NFElixlc APPENDIX IV -- Drawings 30 January 1996 Page 180„ ) Q )$ $ 5 ■ � ` - k/q § �LLJ� kI�CL� §r� /��| T/\ %!/ !§SE \§#E . ,. ` , , §■ , } ;� , ,,, • , l; !#■ ., �,�._.�.w.�._. §/ !# k/ ` < k\\ d# �§ � ° ) k # E |;.-FP -4-/ § . § LW §� / l; !#■ ., �,�._.�.w.�._. ) ) $ § d f El _ §Z( /|@ m mm i 2E_ - Ti; UEI \ § k � � \ D § � \ 0 a NO METAL. DETECT METAL DETECTED NO METAL DETECT METAL DETECTED TOWER WALLS DECK PLAN REFLECTED DECK PLAN AREA TESTED WITH METAL DETECTOR ON TOP OF DECK, BOTH INSIDE & OUTSIDE OF TOWER WALLS. AREA NOT ACCESSIBLE, NOT TESTED WITH METAL DETECTOR. AREA TESTED WITH METAL DETECTOR ON U/S OF DECK WITHIN TOWER WALLS ONLY. r 0 a Ci w z Project Title UMA Engineering Lid. UM fl j Engineers & Planners WOOD SIDE N.H.S. LU 5080 Commerce Blvd. Tel. (905) 238-0007 PIONEER TOWER m Mississauga Fox (905) 238-0038 E Ontario. L4W 4P2 INVESTIGATION 6 Client ��'� � �+ � .�`--�+•� Drawing Title l7 F- METAL DETECTOR SURVEY 4 Canada CONCRETE DECK UMA Job No, 9725-x001 Date 01/96 Drown by CG Design by Checked by EJ Scale NTS Revision or wi 6 SK.03 APPENDIX V - Table of Calculated Stresses Pioneer "Power Investigation 9725-001-00 pig tL:�F01(uECi1`9T2s1'Kl�'FIIGIXx' 30 January 1996 Page 184 v� PIONEER TOWER STRESS ANALYSIS RESULTS r PM WORDING STRESS DESIGN LOADS STRESS TYPE WORKING STRESS (kPa) WORKING STRESS (psi) ALLOWABLE STRESS (kPa) ALLOWABLE STRESS (psi) GRAVITY Bearing 300 43.5 4000 580 WIND & GRAVITY Compressive leeward side windward side 490 110 71 15.9 7200 1044 Tensile none 6400 928 Shear 13.3 1.9 4400 638 EARTHQUAKE & GRAVITY Compressive max. inin. 536 64 77.7 9.3 7200 1044 Tensile none 6400 928 Shear 24.7 3.6 4400 638 Note: - assumed compressive strength, fe = I6 MPa (2000 psi) - loading calculated according to NBCC 1990 - material is unreinforced LIMIT STATES DESIGN LOADS STRESS TYPE FACTORED STRESS (kPa) FACTORED STRESS (psi) STRENGTH (kPa) STRENGTH (psi) GRAVITY Bearing 377 54.7 8200 1189 WIND & GRAVITY Compressive leeward side windward side 661 89.4 95.9 13 9600 1392 Tensile none 720 104 Shear 20 2.9 180 26.1 EARTHQUAKE & GRAVITY Compressive max. min. 729 21.5 106 3.1 9600 1392 Tensile none 720 104 Shear 24.7 3.6 180 26.1 Note: - assumed compressive strength, f = 16 MPa (2000 psi) r loading calculated according to NBCC 1990 - material is unreinforced HAProjects19725WTSTRESS.xLS Page I Page 185 of 732 IPl ©nter-9 I-DvQED� - 51 5S AN A- `JS S DYAONSI ON 5 V RoP-, P W6fRo fL VT. 6 6-- 7 5B -{-j;;,-ta.-( Ke-; cbkl = co 8 t base dick t `t-1 doa4ne_-t-e_r cti. clems'plrx-!-ft,rr+� _ 12- 4 2 4 7j m �(JwFS<CiC a� u d " a-yri �► irkstde d'4e 3 00 --A Qv d = Z S-7 e -K M �� r W kL L m-4 I c..k h1 U'S S .. b o At�W iA64-via c.6c-n esS Vj%49 T7 0,64 S uS et I IQ AQ "'r, t 5 6LSS Lt-� e- p4pr4-1 &Y'- o r -tom ! 0 -bo u-&- 0 k�'j -h O'�- o(C-C- . KO -5 Q-• tn}p.4cj i' 7 ala 04� vj e -,u l�a� Zada Qs i� dews �,Zh� f%n� UMA Engineering Ltd, Design Calculations Engineers & Planners 5080 Commerce Blvd., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 4P2 Clientez' ftA DATE TA*4 ' `I�P DESIGNED BY 9� 4. Proiect P l D rJ t— � Tb -,/ DATE CHECKED BY q-1� 5- _o �, f732 JOB No. SHEET _! _-. Oa 1-0 p-rz) ---) C -'n' rt' — � 3 • s �" I �� Tp w��2 Z , s 17 �� �7 Z .r.-74-�J11. 4- = f 3o kcal A4- 5 � A-6 23.5 _r' ��'• f. r7 • �-5 - 9 ! n� 3,7�,� `i' > P P R T-� a nE o i-- TO 4,..! U •F A vv e -r wt tS ►tib - 44, -roTpru. wc(c-� OP TvwO-2 = 159 -� kt. Love i-.oAb 5 w("b Nd GC t996 Cc. G� C1° -.!•U•f �191.�r wZ�" 'p SS G�o�r130 =- 1� F'� Ay p. G Ce- F f s 2 Q Y'� of o O •. .. C -f -f- 1 •0 Lp) E.x Fc n,a,� fwd Qres� vre e. UMA Engineering Ltd. Design Calculations VANEngineers & Planners C 5 C� >�4 5080 Commerce Blvd., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W V2 Client DATE 9�o DESIGNED BY Project P PDATE CHECKED BY JOB No. 7� S ^ C>C� ( SHEET Pige ©87 �pb732 - L i vE L-oA-b S - Lny,4- - C- f -r-D -rt--tL- l.J i N b L- 0 04- 0 o N Tri "TDA K El v (va Lk p -Let- - II y--j-L y- 0 . LA -,z, c a v- l wIf4n L s) - UMA Engineering Ltd. Design Calculations Engineers & Planners CANAZC fA 5(380 Commerce Blvd., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada LaW 4P2 Client DATE `1 DESIGNED BY �17 Project �, o DATE CHECKED BY JOB No. �` Fuge 188 gfd32 � �"SHEE7 OF - r- ( V -C L -b P -p 5 15 9 -4 N o v-4 l -U A -fl Cf1 t-C..c.t C -A T1 s nl S ` s Ge C - WL Com) SE �(0.1;)(D'-745) CS(,.o) + . C✓5 4-S o p • -t-- o • 4- 0 . ' s3 k . Pa -9- 'a S S VA1 4 0tr uc. ftp © f roof h a5 OL Slope V -p :• W 1S9-+ + a. 2s l~(--(`) 7 ) kfn Ve = 0,n' (z. l )(1.©)(-r•3)Cf �T-�9) = z s 8 kA (Z- 16 UMA Engineering Ltd. IAl Engineers & Planners 50BO Commerce Blvd., Mississauga, Onlario,, Canada L4W 4P2 DATE ' 9 DESIGNED BY l DATE CHECKED BY T►i $,VA -K1 Design Calculations Client'' IQ kS c- pg Project JOB Na. 18932 SHEET 1 OF waR K,pr� cam- S'rteess A -,\J A -L' -f (' i S rJ racy. io a.S -C- 0-C +6IA J e.r • 3 r^ L a s LA - &A vd a -LI q fc kyle SS� den.!' i rtir� 5f7'C S S A 159 S, 3 z r� UMA Engineering Ltd. I AN Engineers & Planners 5080 Commerce Blvd., Mississauga. Ontario, Canada L4W V2 DATE - N ' DESIGNED BY DATE CHECKED BY T C) fit . i i 2- C? 9 kP V -J , n, d 10 cod 0.1 f -b v4 -e r o . q (3 .`7 8.� kNrn k.rJ� —> Design Calculations Client PACS CAr•!>4D" Project P r Q N T--D-10Z 9 Z� _ Page 190 ?b732 JOB No. SHEET OF W l N b &" fi t T -J t Tv 3.7q 4_2•i4-') _ 7• Z5- -7 5 7• 2. S i S 19 0 • 4 i� P� � ; n be.�..d.,� 5 71(Zt�S 5 l4'SC- o F Tb ,til GR bc.cG To G art tl �,fiND Ivo + 1 10 .4 = 4.90•4kf� �J 0 o - ' g o . 4-- -Flo) TO T -Y - L- w , N D 0,c (fig' V - p.9 dh 0 9 0.78 )C 7 a • 4 k -f-1 5 Tyz 6�s S V -7 , 4- A 5.:3 13, 3 k a. UMA Engineering Ltd. Design Calculations I Al Engineers & Planners PA -10 K -S G A -N A E)A 5080 Commerce Blvd., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 4P2 Client DATE S / DESIGNED BY Project o nl G i�� T0w`E?S 9-7 2 S Page 191 oI J32 DATE CHECKED BY JOB No. SHEET - l,�_ OF W 1 [omaB�Nfab W !r{k &R-A-1Ji U.;, C- 2--/3 eAKE S Tie! 5 J N 'ra vNJ E K v,] A-L-� S UMA Engineering Ltd. IAS Engineers & Planners 5080 Commerce Blvd-. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 4P2 DATE �O DESIGNED BY DATE CHECKED BY Design Calculations Client Perks Project P Page 192 off 32 JOB No. 972--S � � l SHEET � of A-- D A; a.s 5 �t rrt e. Sei 5 wd Lc '�« iS dl•i 5 �' I b �..�.t-�r� o • -�• �- In e.i �� of � 4 k� vs c -t w= 13� r �. 3 14N1►� shear Si-rC�S = V M Q f3I 5.3 �ZGs5 r N W A -i -c--5 CL ,mac.. +0 = X354 k1, O tso 35-3 , s L -c W 1 [omaB�Nfab W !r{k &R-A-1Ji U.;, C- 2--/3 eAKE S Tie! 5 J N 'ra vNJ E K v,] A-L-� S UMA Engineering Ltd. IAS Engineers & Planners 5080 Commerce Blvd-. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 4P2 DATE �O DESIGNED BY DATE CHECKED BY Design Calculations Client Perks Project P Page 192 off 32 JOB No. 972--S � � l SHEET � of -r-)4 5 bO 5 f cr '\) L� o l • -2-57 b —= P a w , ea t5 L-0 4 D G- Pw Lam. I �T14�=S5 �u,c –7z) �N�rrSt� @ L, -rlA*-0 �l�E �' = 1. 2- S, 3oa) + 1 9 4-� = �� c,n.cakz @ w rnl a w�Fz� 5 i D � � � = l • 'Z � C3 csv � — (. •S [_ (�I � - 4 j � � 9 . 9- kPa..lC 1 c S • to kA r 5.._. . 1 9 • � k-P� UMA Engineering Ltd. Design Calculations IAs Engineers & Planners rl_ � C -A1 *�-Q A 5084 Commerce Blvd., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 4P2 DATE Sri1V 9 {° DESIGNED BY f7� DATE CHECKED BY gent Project PQe 1 JOB Na. °l7� �bo ` SHEET 03 OP732 L-1 M t -r 5179`Ir--7'j -pc-S ( Cr n S Cis xS ST'Rr✓ S S )LAG Px=n] D�G- cJ� = CT" = 3 53. 5 5-[1R,GS5 y�►.t l: 1`Z� G -R, fl'v riy Qc �RT+� c�.J PrK� (3!3.5 - (7 k.Pa LC� LT _ 1.2SC3Qo r •a C353•�iC) 5080 Commerce Blvd., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W V2 DATIH )7prpj• 9 DESIGNED BY DATE CHECKED BY Design Calculations Client ?&&K•S C -At -r"14 - Project Planre-Vz- �j?L�1o� I �ge194ol,732 JOB No. SHEET OF VJ O K- I N (r `aT7jZ OC& S -Dc Sj C_ M W A& L-- E 5 'FSR c S S S �c cry ja roc ss a Lm- 0 ZS r� =+M 71 L [ n -t ( T s T,Ares a i✓ S ► Cr n1 , s MC. -�- .N 6-` I ct 10.1-5 �9-- cr� C ' G 9. .P" UMA Engineering Ltd. Engineers & P6anners 5080 Commerce Blvd- Mississauga, Ontario, Canada 1-4W 4P2 DATE 9 �' DESIGNED BY 4±1 DATE CHECKED BY JOB No. 1 } Ccsrt. C'ov--Ca. Design Calculations Client PIKS �R Projects i-1 2-5—�a 1 V8ge 195 Ph732 SHEET OF APPENDIX VI - Photographs of Concrete Core Sections OM 7 Pioneer Tower Investigation 9725-001-00 mm H'TRNE1'Ih W-PMEFAINN 30 January 1996 Page 196 Wiu Core #1 Core 91 22 Page 198 of 732 ANK�i Core 42 4ALr t. -:41 Core 42 31 Core 42 -1 F] 40 AI l I no WAN FM pm P1R# Core #2 n� T ILA Page 202 732 Gore #3 0— kA� IK-7 i F& 3 of 732 -mew jrIlk 1 r ppm Im Core 43 Page 205 of 732 Core #3 a Page 206 of 732 APPENDIX VII - Cuss "C" Cost Estimate Pioneer Tower Investigation 9725-001-00 ._� ]I:'•ARI II FA Il:li]S�f I(IVFI:FI. LR K' 30 January 1996 Page 207 a7-32,--, ii MM M— W. rw^ PIONEER TOWER CLASS 'C' COST ESTIMATE The above figure does not include financing, Parks Canada administration and project management, design costs. Pioneer Tower Investigation 30 January 1996 972-001-00 14 �PROJECTSW725WPTDOC Page 208 of 732 Unit Cost Cost Repoint exterior 50% $4/sf $3,200 Scaffold interior & exterior $3/sf $9,000 Fix bulge $3,600 Crack rout and fill $1,000 Concrete and stone repair $3,000 Scale interior $2,000 Poultice interior $8,000 Consolidate interior $4,000 Deck waterproofing $800 Reset and calibrate monitoring points $2,000 Testing allowance $2,000 Direct costs: $38,600 Indirect cost (overhead, profit, contingencies): $9,400 TOTAL ESTIMATED COST: $48,000 The above figure does not include financing, Parks Canada administration and project management, design costs. Pioneer Tower Investigation 30 January 1996 972-001-00 14 �PROJECTSW725WPTDOC Page 208 of 732 DESIGN BRIEF M�1f] "IN Y.1� RECAPITALIZATION OF PIONEER TOWER WOODSIDE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE KITCHENER, ONTARIO Client Project Number: 51301-1767-30000584 RPS CH/EC, Ontario Project Number: 742691 Prepared for: Parks Canada Woodside National Historic Site Kitchener, Ontario Prepared. by: Public Works and Government Services Canada Real Property Services for Canadian Heritage 1 Environment Canada 111 Water Street East Cornwall, Ontario K6H 6S3 March, 2000 Page 209 of 732 qN Design Brief far 112e Recapitalization of Pioneer Tower Project No. 30000584 January 2000 Page 2 Table of Contents I Introduction........._._ ......... ........................... 3 2. Historical Background and Description . , . ... ............... 3 3, Previous Inspections, Reports and Remedial Work Perfonned ................. 4 4. Observations and Analysis ............ ................ 6 5. Recommendations ........................ .............. ........... 12 ............. . , . . , . , , 15 7. References ............. ........................ ... ......... .17 DRAFT,, Public Wn--i:-, and -s et GovIrnmv: .-vices Caned PROJECT AS SUBMITTED D PROj'_ 75 69/ Dale V _VC AS MOMED 0 Da*- NOTECOMMENT- AND ILIBMIT F FOR GENERAL ARRANG­ r.ONTRACTCR TO VERIFY SITE. IM Problic Works and Gave17J)11e?11S1!1ViCt'_V Canada - RPS CHIEX' Page 210 of 732 PM Design Brief for the Recapitalization of Pioneer Tower Project No. 30000584 January 2(= Page 3 1. Introduction RPS CH/EC, Ontario was requested by Woodside National Historic Site, Kitchener, Ontario to inspect five specific technical issues relating to Pioneer Tower with the intent of identifying causes and solutions, make recommendations regarding repairs if needed and to prepare tender -ready drawings and specifications designed to implement the work recommended. This inspection is part of the ongoing process established by Woodside National Historic Site to facilitate an overall rehabilitation program for the entire Pioneer Tower site. The issues investigated at Pioneer Tower are: .1 Copper roofing & substrate .2 Entrance portico .3 Concrete core .4 Field stone veneer .5 Interior stairs Marc Glassford of the Heritage Conservation Program was requested by RPS CH/EC Ontario, Cornwall Office on behalf of the Superintendent for Woodside NHS to accompany David McDonald and Sherry Macdonell to review the Tower. Marc was asked to provide opinions and advice guided by conservation practice, Parks Canada's Cultural Resource Management Policy ' and the sites' Heritage Character Statement. 2. HISTORIC BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION Pioneer Tower (formerly known as Doon Tower) was constructed in 1925 - 1926 as a monument ' and observation tower commemorating the early settlement of Waterloo County by Pennsylvania Germans. It symbolizes the German -Canadian community's attempt to re-establish their self- worth and to demonstrate their loyalty to Canada following the events of World War I. The tower rises 68'(20.7 M) from the foundation to the roof peak and was designed to reflect the Swiss origin and agrarian background of the early Pennsylvania German settlers to Waterloo County. It was built as a stand-alone fieldstone exterior wall with a concrete inner core capped by a Swiss style copper roof. The structure combines an unusual combination of architectural and symbolic features. The shank is a cross between the roundness of the martello tower with the stone appearance of a monumental cairn. However, the shape of the building with its projecting hexagonal deck resembles the design of a lighthouse. The observation deck was designed to incorporate astronomical and directional elements. No comparative examples were located in the Canadian Inventory of Historic Buildings. M The monument is built on an octagonal cement foundation measuring 15'(4.57M) in diameter and Public Works and Government Services Canada - RPS CH/GC Page 211 of 732 Design Brief for the Recapitalization of Pioneer Tower Project No. 30000584 January 2000 Page 4 5' (1.52M) in depth. The tower tapers slightly from 14' (4.27M) at the base to 12' (3.66M) under `M the gallery platform, with an inner diameter of 9'(2.74M) throughout. The shank top is decorated by a moulded concrete cornice interspersed by six stone corbels. The hexagonal gallery deck is constructed of reinforced concrete and was originally covered with oak flooring. A narrow ' wooden staircase inside the tower leads up to the deck. Decorative iron work had been placed around the exterior of the platform for visitor safety. The steep -pitched roof with flared bell is capped by a decorative weathervane that depicts the arrival of the Pennsylvania settlers by Conestoga wagon. rte, At the official opening in 1926, an Historic Sites and Monuments Board plaque was unveiled. In 1991 the Federal Heritage Building Review Office designated the building as a Classified historic asset, the highest heritage designation. 3. PREVIOUS INSPECTIONS, REPORTS AND REMEDIAL WORK PERFORMED 1988 - Federal Heritage Buildings Review Office Building Report 88-78 Source: Marilyn E. Armstrong -Reynolds Architectural History Branch October 31, 1990 - Site meeting attended by: Ghassan Attar Kim Seward -Hannam Robert Girardin Dave Sanderson - Minor pointing done to bottom 2/3 of Tower where required using sand, cement and latex bonding agent and reset some stone that had previously fallen out - 5 telltales were installed on Nov.6 1990 on two lateral cracks and 8 more were installed on Nov. 8, 1990. rM - Epoxy injection of two opened up cracks using a pliable material. - Air blast entire inner wall surface in preparation for sealant. - Sealed inside of tower with two application of Hydroxo Double 7. - A few large openings around the new door frame were mortared prior to spraying the sealant. - A thin coat of cement was applied over the cracks in the exterior door threshold to prevent water from freezing in them during the winter. Public Works and Government Services Canada - RPS CH/EC F" Page 212 of 732 ^� Design Brief for the Recapitalization of Pioneer Tower Project No. 30000584 January 2000 Page 5 October 22, 1992 - INVESTIGATION OF PIONEER MEMORIAL TOWER Prepared by: Cornerstone Engineering and Restoration Inc. 260 Courtland Ave E Kitchener, Ontario N2G 2V7 (519) 745-8121 - Since the Tower was scaffolded all around up to the underside of the deck during this investigation it was decided that some pointing be done to the outer stonework and a drainhole be installed round the bottom of the Tower. June 9, 1994 - The Structural Condition of Pioneer Tower Prepared by: HQ/PW&GSC Summary of structural investigations by Ghassan Attar and Jeff McCurdy - Demec structural monitoring system and telltales installed March 1994. Readings were taken on the 8 stations of the monitoring system and no significant movements or trends in movement can be determined at this time. The readings have been recorded and at a time when more data has been collected an analysis of the results will be reported. - The concrete structure shows no sign of change from March 23, 1994 to June 9, 1994 and is in good condition. April 1995 - HERITAGE RECORDING REPORT Recorded April 1995 by: Heritage Recording and Technical Data Services (HQ) Heritage Conservation Program ' Architectural and Engineering Services For Parks Canada / Environment Canada Public Works and Government Services Canada May 1995 - Heritage Recording Detailed Record, Drawings H 1 to H7 Prepared by: Bernie Prins Public Works and Government Services Canada Real Property Services for Canadian Heritage / Environment Canada Cornwall Office Fm January 1996 - Pioneer Tower Investigation Prepared by: UMA Engineering Ltd./ Martin Conservation Consultant Inc. Condition survey of concrete tower & observation deck only. - No movement detected in glass tell -tales and Demec points. - Impact Echo Tests performed. Public Works and Government Services Canada - RPS Cl UEC r Page 213 of 732 rM Design Brief for the Recapitalization of Pioneer Tower Project No. 30000581 January 2000 Page 6 December 1996 - Design and drawings for five technical issues: metal windows, concrete observation deck, sandstone corbels, roof joists ends, wood posts and columns. Prepared by: Sherry Macdonell Public Works and Government Services Canada Real Property Services for Canadian Heritage / Environment Canada Cornwall Office Fall 1998 - Work carried out for above technical issues by: Canadian Construction Controls Kitchener, Ontario - Metal windows repaired. - Concrete observation deck surface and edge repaired and sealed. - Sandstone corbel stabilization with `Cintec Anchor System.' - Roof joist ends capped to prevent further deterioration. Tun- Metal support straps installed between each post and bracket. September 9, 1999 - PIONEER TOWER ROOF INSPECTION DRAFT REPORT Prepared by: Mike Fidler Rob Girardin Bernie Prins 4. OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS 4.1 Copper Roof The existing steep -pitched Swiss style copper roof and the decorative weathervane are part of the original fabric of the Tower and therefore installed in 1926. The flat seamed copper sheets are fastened directly to the substrate. At the exposed eaves the substrate consists of 19x50mm tongue and groove (T&G) painted boards. The balance of the substrate is comprised of 25x 175mmf wood planking. At the top of the steep -pitched roof is a decorative cap and spun ball from which extends a Conestoga wagon and horses weathervane. In general the copper elements of the Tower are in poor condition. The copper sheets on the main part of the roof are in generally fair condition but with a large quantity of small areas that show evidence of deterioration. This deterioration has been caused by the age of the copper roof in conjunction with the inappropriate method of the original installation, 75 years of exposure to the elements, subsequent unsuitable repairs and vandalism. The original copper sheets were installed directly onto the wood substrate. In ideal situations a copper sheet roof should be layed on a stable substrate which is dry and smooth. Public 11"orlcs and Government Services Canada - RPS CHIF,C Page 214 of 732 0, Amp Brief far the Recapitalization of Pioneer Toner Project No. 30000584 January 2000 Page 8 4.2 Entrance Portico The entrance portico is framed by cut limestone in a classical design. The stonework is in reasonable condition, while the mortar joints are in fair to poor condition. While there are some stretches of mortar that are intact, all joints have lengths of missing or loosened mortar. The entablature has been damaged by acts of vandalism, chips of stone are missing; from the outside edges. This is a result of rocks being dropped from the tower's viewing platform onto the entablature. There is evidence that previous damage was repaired doubtlessly caused in the same fashion. This appears to be an ongoing problem with the entablature as FHBRO's 1988 Building Report makes reference to this type of damage, Previous patches to the entablature. Gypsum crust on top of the entablature and chips of stone missing as a result of vandalism. The limestone entrance step is cracked. This might be the result of simple frost heave and/or frost heave in conjunction with the concrete patch or in -fill areas located near the stone veneer wall. These in -fill areas do not appear to be part of the original fabric of the tower and have been patched several times over the years. The limestone portico is stained with pollutants, grime and copper oxide from the roof above. There is also a layer of gypsum crust on top of the entablature. Public Works orh_s and Gover unie nt Services Canada - RPS CITEC Page 215 of 732 Am -, Design Bneffor the Recraptta tmdon of ho seer Tower January 2000 Project .Vo. 30000584 Pap,e 7 As observed from the attic the roof planking is not unduly rough but does show evidence of cupping, water stains and daylight is visible. From the outside the visual evidence indicates that these wooden boards have cupped at the ridges, expanding these seams .thereby reducing the weather tightness and accelerating corrosion. This corrosion condition is predominant at the ridges and at some of the horizontal seams. Some of these seams have been ineffectively patched using a sealant which appears to be `tar'. Ridge seams separating. The lower two sheets on the west elevation have been replaced in an inappropriate seaming pattern. There are several `bullet holes' in the roof cladding and in one instance a small square of copper was nailed to the roof in a failed attempt at patching. The overall surface of the roof shows evidence of `pitting' and corrosion. In some cases this is a result of contact between substrate nails and the copper cladding. Most other fasteners added over the years in conjunction with `band-aid' patches have come loose and corroded. The decorative cap and spun ball are in poor condition. This is primarily the result of 75 years of exposure to the elements, galvanic corrosion from the severely corroded metal (steel or iron) weathervane support rod and vandalism. There is severe corrosion at all six ridges of the cap and at the base of the flair. The rest of the surfaces ofthe cap appears `pitted'. There are a number of `bullet -hales' in both the cap and spun ball. The weathervane operating mechanism is severely corroded and has not operated for sonic years. The original design �. does not appear very weather tight. The weathervane base is also severely corroded and is splitting at the ends. The Conestoga wagon and horse weathervane shows signs of corrosion, `pitting' and has a number of `bullet holes'. -.m Decorative cap and weathervane. Public Works and Government Services Canada - RPS CH, EC �a Page 216 of 732 Design Brief f rr the Recapitalization of Pioneer Tower Project A'a 30000584 ]anuarN 2000 Page 9 4.3 Concrete Core and 4.4 Field Stone Veneer For the purpose of describing the technical issues involved with these two components they will be combined in this report. Since 1990 and possibly before there has been a concern about structural stability of the concrete core. The interior concrete surface is delaminating and there are a number of cracks. Maintenance personnel sweep up approximately one pail of debris a year, According to the original specifications pnd as noted in FHBRO's 1988 Report, Pioneer Tower was built as a stand-alone fieldstone exterior wall with a concrete inner core. The original specification states exactly "wall, field stone outside, sufficient to stand by itself and retain form; concrete inside." This is, by today's standards, an unusual construction method and must be kept in mind when evaluating the technical issues involved with the core, The Tower tapers slightly from 14' (4.27M) at the base to 12' (3.66M) under the gallery platform, with an inner diameter of 9'(2.74M) throughout and rises 35.5'(10.8M). This means that the walls are 2.5'(.76M) thick at the base and 1.5' (48M) thick at the top of the wall. The Tower is un -reinforced with some evidence of rebar around the windows. r - In 1990 the interior surface of the Tower was sandblasted in preparation for the application of 2 coats of a product called Hydrozo, in an attempt to seal the Z, j. A inner surface of the Tower. It is noted in later reports g; that this product has failed. At this time two of the longer cracks were injected with a pliable epoxy and 13 tell -tales were installed. No results of the monitoring of these e devices has been reported. In June of 1994, readings were taken on 8 Demec and a Tell-tale structural monitoring system that was installed in March of that year. No significant movements or any trend in the movement of the masonry wall was determined at that .;.G time. Core interior cracks and delamination. The structural analysis completed by UMA Engineering Ltd. in 1995 indicates that the Tower is not highly stressed in its current configuration. They state that the existing cracks are probably caused by initial shrinkage and/or by thermal expansion and contraction movements over long Public Ji arks and Goveniment Services Canada - RPS CHIfsC Page 217 of 732 Iwo Design Brief fpr the Recaphaliza#ion of Pioneer- Tower Project Alo. 30000584 January 2000 Page ti 0 periods of time. Cornerstone Engineering and Restoration Inc. 1992 report recommended treating the inner core surface with a proprietary catalyst and silicate consolidant to strengthen the concrete and stop the " scaling. They also suggested adding an additional 3f4" of mortar on top of the existing mortar, presumably in an attempt to reduce water infiltration. Neither approach was pursued. .A .. W W W The UMA Engineering 1995 study proposed a conservation strategy including; repointing the exterior, investigate and stabilize the exterior bulge, restore exterior stone and concrete details below observation deck, add a traffic coating to the top deck, scale lose material from the interior face, remove salt from the interior face and consolidate the interior surface. The only work. completed was the repair of the top deck. UMA's hypothesis is that a high incidence of soluble salts in the concrete is responsible for the deterioration of the cores' surface. These salts fill the air voids where there is evaporation at the interior surface of the concrete and eliminate any freeze -thaw protection the air voids provide. They also suggest that the salts may be attacking the hydrated cement in the concrete mix. UMA also commissioned an Impact -Echo test which allows for the non-destructive analysis of the inner core conditions. This test indicated "that there is considerable fracturing within the concrete shell, particularly in its lower section where there is a substantial reduction in the thickness of sound concrete," The Impact -Echo test was unfortunately only conducted on the interior of the Tower. Tekron Services Inc., the company engaged to perform the Impact -Echo test, recommended that the test should be done on the outside as well to provide a clearer picture of the cores' condition. Field stone veneer. The UMA report noted "the exclusion of water from the structure is one of the key therapy procedures which should be implemented..." Presumably they recommended repointing the stone veneer of the tower as a method of reducing water infiltration. In 1990, the bottom 2I3 of the tower was repointed. At that time the contractor was to chip away any loose mortar and reset any loose stones. At the recent site investigation it was observed that the mortar on the tower is generally sound, but with hairline to I mm wide separations around each field stone unit. A mortar analysis conducted by Cornerstone indicates the mortar has a high compressive strength and absorption rate. The bulge on the north east face mentioned by UMA is difficult to discern and does not seem to have had any negative structural consequences, Public !Forks and Govennnew Services Canada - RPS CIIXC Page 218 of 732 Design Brief for the Recapitalization qf'Poner'r Tower Project No. 30000584 Januav 2000 Pagc C 1 4.5 Interior Stairs There has been some concern over the safety ol'the stairs at Pioneer Tower since access is unsupervised. As the tower was constructed in 1925-26 and is a National Historic Site the stairs do not need to comply with the National Building Code (NBC). Strict legalities aside it is of corporate interest to Parks Canada to attempt to achieve compliance with the intent of the code in the interest of providing their clients, the. public, with the safest access possible. The stairs at Pioneer Tower are below the standards as they are set out in the NBC. The treads and risers are not of uniform size throughout any of the five flights and they are smaller than the suggested minimum. The width of the stairs is approximately 465mm as opposed to the minimum suggested of 900mm. The handrails are very close to the suggested `graspable' size and section intended to provide ease of guidance and support. Base of Tower stairs. The height of the handrails from each step or landing is low. The space between the top and intermediate handrails and the stringers is a little larger than the suggested rnininium. The suggested minimum is I00mm, a small enough size that a child could not put their head through the space. The handrails or guards at the landings are to open to be considered safe. The other concern with children is the ease with which they could climb the guardrails as they are designed at the Tower. Guards at the landings are to open. In general the stair at Pioneer Tower are well constructed and structurally sound, they give the impression of being safe, During the site visit it was noted that five of the eight bolts that anchor the landings to the concrete core should be re -grouted. All of the wood components are in good condition and only require touch up painting in high traffic areas. Public Works and [icrvcr7enarrN iarra ices Canada - RPS C'If/fit_' Page 219 of 732 Design Brief far the Recapitalization of Pioneer Tower Project No. 30000584 January 2000 Page 12 5. RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Copper Roof Copper cladding is generally considered to have a 100 year life span. Despite the fact that the exiting roof is only 75 years old the observations and analysis indicate that it is at the end of its life. The original roof on Pioneer Tower might have achieved its life expectancy had it been `M' properly installed at the onset. The deterioration of the copper cladding is so extensive that very little original material could be salvaged if a repair was undertaken. Therefore it is recommended that the copper roofing be replaced. Similarly it is recommended that the decorative cap and spun ball be replace in-kind. The deterioration is too extensive to make repairs a viable option. Conservation practices consider the copper roofing as sacrificial when taking into account the overall maintenance of the Tower. A number of reports over the years have recommended replacing the copper roof before any serious damage is made to the roofs' wooden superstructure. The weathervane operating mechanism is no longer a functional element. The replacement system shall match the existing profile while improving the operating mechanism with a ball pivot point and enhanced weather tight design. The Conestoga wagon and horses weathervane is an integral part of the symbolism of the Tower. It contributes to the heritage character of the Tower and is an important element reflecting the craftsmanship of the local community at the time of construction and as such, every attempt must`' be made to restore this element. Parks Canada's Ontario Service Centre will perform a condition ' assessment to determine its suitability for restoration. If restoration is recommended, t_is hoped that the)OSC will_bi_able-to schedule -the work during the construction phase of the roof repairs. If possible the weathervane shall be reinstalled while access is still available during the roofing ' project. Otherwise the site shall have to make arrangements for its reinstallation. In the event that the condition assessment is not favourable the original will be used as a template for a reproduction in-kind. , 5.2 Entrance Portico It is recommended that the portico be completely repointed with an appropriate matching mortar and that it receive a gentle water cleaning to remove the pollutants and the gypsum crust on top of the entablature. This will improve the aesthetic appearance of the tower and remove any damaging pollutants. The concrete in -fill adjacent to the stone step will be remove and not replaced. The cracked door sill will be removed, the bedding cleaned up and the stone appropriately pinned, epoxied Im together and reset. Public Works and Governunent Services Canada - RPS CH/6C Page 220 of 732 Design Brief for the Recapitalization of Pioneer Tower Project No. 30000584 January 2000 Page 13 There are two options for addressing the damage to the entablature. One would be to remove the outer two sections of limestone and have new stones cut to match the existing profiles. This option would unnecessarily replace much of the original fabric since only small patch areas are required. The other option would be to use an epoxy in -fill system such as Jahn mortar for the damaged areas only. This approach maintains all of the remaining original limestone fabric. The copper staining on the portico would have to be addressed to facilitate matching the in -fill system with the existing limestone. However at this time neither approach will be recommended because of the ongoing vandalism ,M problem and lack of an appropriate means of protecting the top of the portico. All design proposals that have been considered to date to address the vandalism would detract from the heritage character of the tower. Also the land around the tower is currently being development 'M into a subdivision. Which will, with an increase in the surrounding population, probably increase the incidence of vandalism at the tower. 5.3 Concrete Core and 5.4 Field Stone Veneer There are a variety of issues involved with respect to the delamination of the inside concrete core of the Tower. The high incident of soluable salts, the water or moisture infiltration and ultimately the mortar condition on the exterior and the stone veneer separation from the concrete core. The studies conducted to date give very plausible causes for the condition of the Tower ' but are not conclusive or detailed enough when thought is given to implementing their recommendations. With the intent of acquiring more detailed and conclusive evidence the following is recommended: .1 Impact -echo testing be performed on the interior and exterior surfaces of the tower to identify the existence, location and magnitude of any voids within the wall. This would allow comparison with the test done in 1996 and determine if fracturing is increasing. It will also assist in determining if any separation has taken place between the field stone veneer and the concrete -, core and to plan a grouting program, if required. This field work should be performed any time between April and the end of November 2000. The earlier the better with respect to planning any grout program that may be required. If a grouting program does prove necessary, it would take place with the proposed repointing of the field stone veneer during the summer of 2001. .2 Temperature, humidity and electrical resistance monitoring devices be installed within the concrete core of the Tower along with the recording and analysis of results for a 24 month period. To install these monitoring devices twelve holes will have to be drilled at a diameter of 0.63". This investigation will assist in determining: a) existing conditions to serve as a basis for comparison; b) the `direction' that the moisture within the concrete core is `travelling;' c) Public Works and Govemment Services Canada - RPS CHIEC Page 221 of 732 Design Brief for lire Recapitalization of Pioneer Tower Project No. 30000584 January 2000 Page 14 C.701lowing the repointing proposed at the beginning of the second year the data will establish the m, extent to which the repointing was effective in reducing the moisture content in the concrete core. rM .3 The entire surface of the field stone veneer be repointed with a compatible heritage mortar that has a non -shrinkage additive. The results of the Impact -echo test will help determine if a grouting program and/or installation of Helifix anchors is necessary. 4. A thorough analysis of the composition of the concrete be performed to verify UMA findings. OM If the concrete does prove to have excessive amounts of sulfides, then proceed with poulticing to desalinate the concrete core, should it be found necessary or advantageous at the end of the investigation stage. 5. Hydro electric service and exhaust fans be installed in the Tower in order to eliminate, or significantly reduce, the extremely high moisture and humidity levels within the tower and especially within the concrete core of the tower. It has not been determined that this work shall, in fact be required. However, there is a strong likelihood that it would assist greatly. It should be noted that should this work proceed, there will be an increase in O & M costs to the ', site for subsequent years. 5.5 Interior Stairs All of the anchor bolts that secure the landings to the concrete core should be examined and re - grouted as required. They are a few improvements that could be made to the stairs at Pioneer Tower without making severe alterations. As a general maintenance exercise each tread should be inspected and replaced if the top front outside edge is worn or rounded. A rounded edge would increase the Mn potential for slipping especially since the tread depth is shallow. Another improvement would be to add another 2x4 to the top of the existing handrails at the stairs and a 2x6 to the handrails at the landings. This extra height would bring these components closer to the heights recommended in the NBC. With respect to the space between the top and intermediate handrails and the stringers, replacing the middle rail with a 2x6 would just reduce the spaces left in between to an acceptable size. At the landingsporizontal and vertical rails should be added spaced not more than I00mm apart. Vertical rails would be preferable. As to climbing children,the only way to alleviate this situation would be to remove the intermediate railing at the stairs and replace them with vertical balusters spaced not more than Public Works and Government Services Canada - RPS CH/EC Page 222 of 732 Design Brief for the Recapitalization of Pioneer Tower Project No. 30000584 January 2000 Page 15 1 00m apart. 6. COSTS 6.1 Copper Roof Replace the copper roofing, decorative cap and spun ball following the original materials, profiles and seaming pattern. Replace the weathervane operating and mounting mechanism to match existing profiles while adding to the design to make it weather tight. Spring 2000 Class 'B+' Estimate 56 K Restore the Conestoga wagon and horses weathervane if possible. The suitability of this approach will be determined by Parks Canada's Ontario Service Centre. Spring 2000 6.2 Main Entrance Portico Repoint and clean the portico. Reset the cracked step and remove the concrete returns. Spring 2000 Class 'B+' Estimate 2.5 K 6.3 Concrete Core Perform impact echo test of the interior and exterior surfaces of the Tower walls. Spring 2000 Class 'A' Estimate 5.0 K Install temperature, humidity and electrical resistance monitoring devices within the concrete core of the Tower, as well as, the monitoring, recording and analysis of results for a 24 month period. Class 'A' Estimate, includes costs up to Mar 31/2001 4.0 K Class 'A' Estimate, includes costs up to Mar 31/2002 3.0 K The necessity for the following expenditures can only be determined after the temperature and humidity monitoring phase has been completed. Poulticing the interior of the core to remove excessive salt within the concrete. Quote includes concrete composition analysis. Public 11"orks and Government Services Canada - RPS CH/EC Page 223 of 732 Tn Design Brief for the Recapitalization of Pioneer Tower Project No. 30000584 January 2000 Page 16 Summer 2001 Class 'C' Estimate 30.0 K Installation of hydro electric service to the tower and exhaust fans in order to significantly reduce the extremely high moisture and humidity ' levels within the tower. Summer 2001 Class 'D' Estimate 5.0 K There will be an increase in O & M in subsequent years. M 6.4 Field Stone Veneer Repointing the exterior fieldstone veneer, installation of Helifix anchors and grouting. rM Summer 2001 Class 'B' Estimate 50.0 K MM 6.5 Interior Stairs The alterations suggested can be completed by the general works staff at Woodside NHS and as such are considered part of their O & M costs. Public Morks and Government Services Canada - RPS CMC rM Page 224 of 732 TM �» Design Brief for the Recapitalization of Pioneer Tower Project No. 30000584 January 2000 Page 17 7. REFERENCES rM Original Drawings and Specifications for WA TF.RLOO PIONEERS' MEMORIAL TOWER, circa 1925 Federal Heritage Buildings Review Office. Waterloo Pioneer Tower. Building Report 88-78. Site meeting attended by: Ghassan Attar, Kim Seward -Hannam, Robert Girardin, Dave Sanderson, October 31, 1990. Federal Heritage Buildings Review Office. Heritage Character Statement for Waterloo Pioneer Tower. Revised April 22, 1992. Report: Pioneer Memorial Tower, Cornerstone Engineering and Restoration Inc., Oct. 22, 1992. Report: Stnictural Condition of the Pioneer Tower, Headquarters PWGSC, A&E Services for Parks Canada, June 9, 1994. Report: Heritage Recording Report, Heritage Recording and Technical Data Services (HQ), HCP, PWGSC, A&E Services for Parks Canada, April 1995, Drawings: Heritage Recording Detailed Record, Drawings H1 to H7, May 1995. Report: Pioneer Tower Investigation, UMA Engineering Ltd. Martin Weaver Conservation Consultant Inc., Jan. 1996. Drawings: Design and drawings for five technical issues: Metal windows, Concrete observation deck, Sandstone corbels, Roof joists ends, Wood posts and columns, December 1996. Report: Pioneer Tower Roof Inspection Draft Report, PWGSC and RPS, April, 1999. Report: Pioneer Memorial 'Power P'leld Report, Heritage Conservation Program, RPS, February IM 13, 2000. Mn Public Works and Government Services Canada - RPS CHIEC Im Page 225 of 732 Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Page 133 Appendix C: Drawings of Waterloo Pioneer Memorial Tower r Page 226 of 732 r !'L� IJIJIiw1dIJ Imi 1�. 11'1'1'//A9 0 z° o� 00 Mww � LL ° w 0J �w _° LU WN 0o0 NitQ IZ W Qo W Zx Z ow 0 Qw a z0 W� Z 2- Oo 0 0 #aw6Na a -5a §Q w E t# z - E\3 ~ ~ . { \ w _ 0q§ !V \ i ` §A3.« | �) I-- \ / \ \� < \§2 /j7 S / -j a /%/ 4 ez� z / \ \\ \ 2 6G/ k \/\ z \ \ \ \ \ z = c c e F-- ry / ® z Z u c z * \ / < / / z / / S zg j e u z< z% ƒ z j / \ \ * % e z z« z << z x 0 / / / § \ J J \ \ Z u o z/// 6 6/ 0 z 4 & m e « z z > ol = = = #aw6Na a -5a HH/V6 WdOH £H-ldd 3 • £33 Ea.4 � �' J 6 y 4� 8E E J wP� E£ x 2 ° pap W Z • 584E - 3 O W K 8 Y 8 $ ` :° 9 0Fa rc`�'p �r N W OOU x 4 1. % p o JS M h e1 g8 �'�s, «' '�og� A� A hpao 'a•'�ne� /pry ^ I6,j az GG € € I .`2�EB Ai m 8�s.'�. R G Z � 1I wzmz O T W� IKLoU Qo U ui >H� i o- � " / U N Y ^� Z U _ LLJ Z W 0 Z <N 6 Op�N Oil° W '$ Z Z0 W J Q w5 5o --mos U U) 1 0 W W m O � _j a U UUJ W 0 W N g g g '�G 8g�G •�G 4F �tlg yc pi '�'s3 iggi elk Aa :2k Z W g - o_ �°°'4�/-° Y Zh W w g a H 0 a 0 D U) g \ Q S. o 0 \� U UJ O V) 0 Q U m Q W OL Z v !.a- 99 N .� :. HER 6t a ._q 4- ui 5 l 1 R S H -qs 6846 8i 8At; - 22 C ui z e�LL o g g O T00® O ^ N o V) C) ui O —i 0 O � Z 3 U W r`W OU J X fI O Q LLJ LLj L-1 .- HH/V6 WdOH £H-ldd SV21H/b6 WdOH 4H—ldd N C " y8g EO- WLi y£ TV «�Il�l�l��lill! �S a E CZ) H Z 8 ii n o z2a "p s^ & ZL7Ld S a O00O0H = :z 0 a ZJ a3 a Fg g 81 A w Z89 58 00'09Z Z 0 N O 09 a U szz s L sLf d>Z m 0 $ a 0 0 sa we u � ooze su � � eaL s9z frae9 W Z ~ � X SGl 90l SG9 90l s[OZ GG9 BOl >ZZ U ; —Z f I r W tin r Z Z 0 U w W a N szz zeL Z o G . J o Z W U W z ~ D aaz LLJ a N N L G� EE oH- 59 O[f 1 ' SOL o / 0P9 ti Z ga Z� 0 f fi 0 .. r I— milli fes ezf Q oee o9s seL J � W 9Zl f LD W IIW nL 9f w eg s NONE---I f> 9e 9� e[ sZZI I- sZ9 (M�t9 itl f E SV21H/b6 WdOH 4H—ldd «�Il�l�l��lill! SV21H/b6 WdOH 4H—ldd J W > tl 3 ^ of Y8 �§ wtW EO- Edo u✓^48a oc W (n J W � ��9999999999999n.9���� O � . y£ \91 _ N / E O c.) m $ Q p U Li sm J °T W ry Z � a 0 0 OU m Z DJ O D i [Z OOIW IoW w -S 9! p m 000 J W > J �f °6lZ oc ��9999999999999n.9���� O � . SZe / E O c.) m $ Q p U sm J °T W ry Z � a 0 0 OU m Z DJ O D i [Z OOIW J W > U w Q of Z U OOf- N U W N Z J �� 1S°E tl3Ntl°J v oaz � o [°ZZ s z e s os� �� 1S°E tl3Ntl°J U) 8V21H/b6 WdOH SH—ldd SB °6lZ ��9999999999999n.9���� a� � . U w Q of Z U OOf- N U W N Z J �� 1S°E tl3Ntl°J v oaz � o [°ZZ s z e s os� �� 1S°E tl3Ntl°J U) 8V21H/b6 WdOH SH—ldd SB °6lZ a� U w Q of Z U OOf- N U W N Z J �� 1S°E tl3Ntl°J v oaz � o [°ZZ s z e s os� �� 1S°E tl3Ntl°J U) 8V21H/b6 WdOH SH—ldd y C n Ygu Ea W W W= W Q £ o£ a s$ &az a W z a E`xW e - aV1W a J¢3 aE e \ El t o� meg_ ap s & . Za7S : UOp E � ar zp"m O - . 3 - OOH = CL s y 4 Fg O o O o s cc - cc 2 2 se OOL w D w O� ON 0 0. Z Z H Nw �w W sz 2 of W Z O_ 3� ~ 0. O 0_ s e � Z_ zc J N LLJ w os 3� 0. 3 Dw Z o zzsL as O N W Q o 8 zc Z O 3 TL sz F— szz Q N O' OML L�7 O 8 8 Of �o W0 . � n wN z =a9� z Of a>a z �f - J pae W o;& O oec O o 0 du <<> z Of O O oo O us W = F— < H Z N Z oo >s g o< 9VdH/V6 WdOH 9H—ldd 9VdH/V6 WdOH LH—ldd WLi O W Z ow- L L1W N on= y n a F o oa U Z Q H m 0_ J s Q Cr Z LLJ OZ of oa <0 0 W 0 (n 2 => J 0� 4 E W UO Ivi a CAd -- ----=— S a D N°£. =g ,A oo J pyo z g CJ Q va ss 3ep8y F M .'4i3b =°kgg 539 Ad s LLJ i 0 I� Esc Q O Igil WE O � �0 JJ0 Q—L = QO FT I 1 Lc� z U LLD Z gZ OO r 0 W Z Q J Cr ZC) H0 ii �JQ g� 0 maw 0 Q CLIC' N3O R�1A �3 r..y-- - geO Gul Ar L Of Q �oz 0 6� i 9VdH/V6 WdOH LH—ldd 0 z m m % 9 d rn - - 9 - e m `� 11 < a Q a�u" a C7 a �3 _ a -e "a a§§:�� Z w �$ 3 - a x E[ ;j S J. WOW 3 8 o < >o ®rr z ,y 0Z� C za,-_ W 3 m m e. 8` a~WNp Z s s P a P a �w o 0 0 a 5a_ ezoUo a s Ade wtq� - J _ 2 0 m a c9 «�<w N �_ o as ads £Wra -ZoOOW y F `g oaa� zp"m ° _ a a J ° a m.£ ms = OON fi F W$ 5 e F g A �e a a3= : g p $ 3 kms` G o z. p gad O o, J O Z m 3/ g w V) c� Q 0biD � a L UJ N o ;" Ya zz o a was �D = �o opo g' w S go Y£au Z w �_ Q.- Nw oda d n �� um w z zEo �w oN 3` ow E ¢ w� rc a 'oll-- 0 0 onao xa ow - S t e4 �� arz �wo� xo a✓ z ` a�ry `n 3p G ow w - OD o gr�o 3� rx o - oo utiaw i S. -z m0 a 3aW 35 3a z 5 arc u�` g�w w - "D o -Yzz w _ Z < -5zo '" o� S o J o go N -rc a pE 3N aw. la < aoa% 9 w. -zz �Xo �_- �j� K 1.zz a�N wz -O Iz 11 w wrr w - dw £�_ 3oar Qi" az �xz J w 5 O w Fw^ Q w — Em�' x- - Z�ga < Nsr z -g -"< xa - - o;N - O D rc - rc3�� 3n _ ��awu z < _ om -Of Z <¢ S. a$_ - JEw�o oxo�z Aga -z 'z �3&` aN N z p< _ Z -z �a=p w p� 6 zw mz �' a zw pws p U z �� o~%'<m 5`0 osp a4 U U - w w $�W� z Ho zo" xo 'D �o (n Uzi �& a z Jaw z 3wa <�'_ } f 5LLJ Z 3 sw sz_ o<�w awo az a` az �o az ;o6<w z I,4-, up v v�i�w ror I— p 3 Qo°� QW aNe Q� Q Q Q Q Q� �N=� w.w QV Q Q G� �G �m o o o m �o ng �o '�� n < 53 '�� ' S ag 3ff o . . . . n� O < . . . . . . . . z - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t— --V . . ._ . . . . . . . . -- ____ - I I Q O Q 3 0 0 z o ' z ---------- - ------ --------- ------------------------------------ ----- 3 o V o 5894 ZL a p f 0994 6i QLLJ og y� zp zp y� zp ug zp <Iz O n< n< zp 0 rc rc p. f rc . .. z I Z � I i I a I I v I N I a I I I Z I Sm94 9 a p 5894 Zf a Q I I � L _ _<x Z U x Z pN EE 8 WO Ld C a - - 30 Z~ O Lli o Li az E€:mx WGO W y UWQ $ Syx 8 gg C� asop Qm � in 12 = :OONuF0MLa va3x2 Qow $ $ p g W Qo 8 - ppz $www ,w -w a a as z Q ow. w6 p.Fop Z, ¢a �� pp $ o ua p�cpi Q ow woo rc apse 3�p i z aQz Kp p06'z ¢ g, p>w <3- d35 r ppz O� w Y� - rp w0 w� a of mo owa� o w0 w p aQn -Nttl - O4K�2 2 rs -w�wp a�V=I�- o ry - Qo a�lwOLL O ¢z w�2 _ 5 1. O�wF3 m�0 ipo z0. z 2 pOpz 3 Zpp a Y W D $ .00 a o a Noz < -.j Z O -pps px aw- w o ra'z oQoo n paa oo` t' �2S as Q smm� - a�aa H 260 wo o�n 8�- ao3 rW, > U) w s swab o� p mn �gws noo oao a,wo . W (n m H O Z v - a psJ� p �� woo zona < ao�o �o�a w �wx< ./ O Z _'r"owa ap pop4 z oa2N mOn p _ °s oopa <Q�aW"z a "awam 2 O H U spp zz<z w wwNw po ap'S po owH' w= w �o w� zo 3ap� ooQ dwp ,.orc oa -�-.-f- D oioow3 N ?ows °s�� 'soot Z Oo� Z �mp'o ppo� m w oacYis n o azos o oa4o Qui a�<p�p 0 ooap�551. zso ����oN4 oa swo s> rw p w�¢'z wx W 3w< www Sr Oa O s O!-J Z oap ow �s'ap'"a N f a a a a a as a 33W s. Z. G a a o c 3M ooW S f a e8�z'=_S aA Y W Boaz <jip� G �a sa s a 8 G a w D E ' _ Z O � Z � ou O LLJ =aee: s W mR O- O Otn �F - of 8 sse.. O NA Z o0 sg E'E $JIS JIcB _ WaLi Z i 8 Q opp AWN p Q s s a zn , w $ _ �� 5a„ a d.DU o _j Z omp 5 � m E » ^�% E a WOO y mm a$ �a'sa a �e W g B s = ZOO W= �H a U asp u a m 2 o D u F OH S e g =Es„r va3=:gc�tn o�$ p Q4 Z millO Q w J a o M—IM ll�l W omw¢ -z g Jo�ooo -A 3wa U - - W o J� w m mN� ozo N wz-< £_ 0. U _ W m wY �wwmAg oa o O £moa omk� �'� ogiN Z £o�p wzm- �1 a Z a$�w oma” oQ O =N pox&" xz -oww ooN&� m U z zsN z w o E4 rcw ioU� zo oo c3 z .E os$- J "£wl NNW O wN�oWwa m U Of owoozg z_2z 0 a ap a a U Ld lz LLJ 2 Z O U (n - 8 a`U W 8 a 8 \ / Z \ / O \ / O ---------------J G � U 5 J a W " W a 1 a pe p � G W a a pe p � G 8 :aoz :aoe � g �a ■■ 6 ) � || 2) 0:2 § � k < \9." iu (§ �\\ § | -C �:�\ ! ! !�§�; -� b / 67 \ . ' /SOD) e : g! (_ * 2 ���� : J i \ <0 .1 < < E !-■_§!w» - ; •� !;` . - - { ! /( AE ■■ 6 ) � 2) 0:2 § � k < \9." iu (§ �\\ § | -C �:�\ ! ! !�§�; -� b / 67 \ . ' /SOD) ■■ (0 , 6 ) � /6 { 0:2 § < \9." iu (§ i f§)� E -C �:�\ ! ! !�§�; -� b / 67 \ . ' /SOD) e : g! (_ * 2 ���� : J i \ <0 .1 < < E !-■_§!w» (0 , 6 ) � /6 { LLJ § \9." iu (§ i �:�\ z u * @ j }/ ®) ( ° / 67 \ . \ _|)m / § e : \ z (_ * 2 ���� : J i \ \\� ! ! ! / < < E ))! \ \ �)/ � \\ U) / /> ! a i \ \, MJ uj§, _ - k °r� . - a«z� `� ! ��§��m� 0v, £ ! /! u !!! !! ..•.! z »m a; \W8)&;8�®- 0.z u _zoom« l���E■32 ,.l l,. ! , i [ � � | m .z \/ / \ J91 m ._ ;§ 2) \/ \ & o | Mi �)/ -Z-81 - E G \ 91 \ § 0 = \ � m \ ° � k \ ° z j � rfl $ \� / \7 !� � § \§ - - \�\ \\\�\ \ j§E-- \§\ a§\§\ i ;§_ ._z 22(22 2 f§ $ )) - j §B Z. o ; a H< ((/2§ • \ , L j \ i . , < \ _ E § j/ \ \ �)/ � \\ [ , ) /> Interim Heritage Impact Assessment East Side Lands Trunk Sewer Region of Waterloo, Ontario Appendix D: 30% Design Drawings Page 134 r Page 239 of 732 r _ ! ; ) �� - � -.- (� ) \ / :::z:::::::::z:::::::::::7777:>\\\ / :::z:::::::::z:::::::::::7777:>\\\ -� - ® ^ 7�E \ % / - e — ------ — — --«-----\d\— acv --------- --------\----- , }: y _ \ . . w. >. . ,. «! ----- - . — -- ------®----------- z= ` \ : :: . e _ - . f /\ III : }: / 02 : © E EE \\ \� /l ` \\ Ooo w ¢ e d g� R 6 � 5 I I' e e � 0 3 — E N N N 1 N N N N N N N jn� 0 MATCH TO SHEET 3 STA 11510.00 $,v PG3F® a w o y o = 00'04£+Z tl1S 6 133HS 01 HO1tlW III _ III _ — --_— —_— —_— —_— L - to I e _—_— —— —— —— 11'i liIllI kY I -RFS I�I _4-. III _— —_—_ _— - _—_ _ I Iy�I IIII H t VIIII w 2 T" H t —_ - — _ I IO aE v+ r a =I IIII 2j111i{ Q of i f ry� _--- --_---_—_ _ Z f d p W IIII --- -- -- ---- li --- - — - —— — a _ flim I } p �I —_-------_— _ _------- _— }II I--- _ W I y I I�I 0 o_a 0 o U _ 01U 8 3 opy� "a o 1 _ T NlVM3O15 3132iNN e —ClE 3 } 10 } _j� 11 � a3IvM ,dM I u I S 3 3dONO0 MATCH TO SHEET 7 STA 2+170.00 ulil "3es� O Y w Q ` °€ y Q -.HM - Q 4 00U91 tl1S 0 133HS 01 HO1tlW f r ((1�'j)`` III III � a 1 � III0 LL I Y III` � `\ NJ IS 13a NOJ v xa ,I ona ooz a3iv h x vMl }}} +s 13b�N��J s 1- I III _ z TFF o z - Im IT a I a w a El ?. o m I _---_------ _ _+MATCH SHEET MATCHTO 8 STA 2+340.00 Z e€ d o s 3oa��Yc — mfi �C — y a 4 00'099+Z V1S LL 133HS Ol HOlVW j � VIII P O %�"i N"s aoz x3 III 10 S Q rte, J III ,,JD LL o G z t� aoc ISI I IN X1'1 z 10 + Q III I l I �i z 0 ar u� Som t >I�V 3a15 � rr 3a�� I aw m m s � s ooz 13- oz e3�vM a�W 8 aaoz a3�vM ��w E 1i�VM Is 0 III m S I u Ii o m a III a }a} (SHEET TSTA z MATCH TO 9 2+511110.00 �o „�"cavo W w o Q Z m" e€ 0 y d d oLL �W a 00 098+Z tl1S U 133HS 01 HO1tlW m® _— ILII I - r r I III III � a I IdSd~ a Q III III E E E t H,- O 7 � IIS Q rc - -- - 1. I,. o 0 ��It II I r o + I� -n q o� I - + �0 m� 0 900 Baa " u I'. w Q 3 < k 7T�FF ' � In 1 � u 1 Q 3 w E 1 � 11 I 1 1 `16TP 2+88000 , I o 01 I I I O � I I I I I I o 00 o oa , , 1= I �I 1 r HIM I o 01 I I I O � I I I I I I o 00 o oa , , 1= I �I 1 W W N O a - O Z � Z W r H Z 1� 5 00'OEZIb VlS ZZ 1EEHS Ol HOlVW 1 N s + 4 i _ 6 i + e ----------- .--- 3NIl ud3dOdd N 0 SII I U i a _ MATCH TO SHEET 20 STA 4,060.00, N / x ! ( ` . � �\. « } } ( . ) }` - } - 2q / x . � �\. « } } ( ) }` } a o3_s® wo F ceeo$ ~ m s� eH y Wo =� w z ®�s�' o O W < _ e �s8ow- OJ rn ¢ o z wG G=�Mv _ - E E Ls LEE - _ mmm zmmvmoo navy ��a" n�aa - c»r�mc��a 3hmmVNR o�rc oLLurcm rcii maom.. vo maa.3o-,a�+oom z N — � �IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 2 R- IT IIS - N oG� — wz3 e a r E z I d III � o E I- 1 w w I N Go o N F �m o E a m �E - �w - o w I -- nd � a d a w ,d � m o o LD _ a Ga 1 w _ -----i N Ga GaLl-- p o� 111111,111M galez� 83 <mwF w Q a a 3 w a a _— �iNn r�ioivws E I � f7 O W i - $e?<G� $ g j - o� 111111,111M 6G� N a �ooe�� 000� galez� 83 �a— w Q a a 3 w a a _— �iNn r�ioivws E 6G� N a �ooe�� 000� -----� `�--+a 11 j E P o r m - o r - <mwF I � f7 O We �G3e'3 - �"eP% 9yyy d• y m W d• W Z � - 3e�aG� y7 a -_ o O W � 3Nn Ho,vw N O a U Z x o �E < z w x xx x x x x xx x x x x ZAN I Z i O I I N a oo<< oc oo9z o0 ooz, 1-4 YDI -----� `�--+a 11 j E P o r m - o r - -----� `�--+a 11 j �GZ ----=I U W I N <mwF I � f7 O �oob� 000� We �G3e'3 - �"eP% 9yyy y7 d• y m W d• W Z � - "MH �s�$owa -_ o O W a - N \ �GZ ----=I U W I N �oob� 000�