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Home My WebLink AboutDSD-2025-395 - Draft Heritage Impact Assessment - Dundee Secondary Plan Development Services Department www.kitchener.ca REPORT TO: Heritage Kitchener DATE OF MEETING: October 7, 2025 SUBMITTED BY: Garett Stevenson, Director of Development and Housing Approvals, 519-783-8922 PREPARED BY: Michelle Drake, Senior Heritage Planner, 519-783-8909 WARD(S) INVOLVED: Wards 4 & 5 DATE OF REPORT: September 15, 2025 REPORT NO.: DSD-2025-395 SUBJECT: Draft Heritage Impact Assessment Î Dundee Secondary Plan RECOMMENDATION: For information. REPORT: The Development and Housing Approvals Division is in receipt of Draft Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) dated August 2025 (Updated September 2025), regarding cultural heritage resources within the Dundee Secondary Plan study area. The purpose of the HIA is to evaluate the cultural heritage value of cultural heritage resources within the study area. The HIA will also assess how the Dundee Secondary Plan may have adverse impacts to the heritage attributes and cultural heritage values and recommend avoidance and mitigation measures to conserve the cultural heritage resources. The Plan has the potential to impact the following cultural heritage resources: Heritage Corridors Reidel Drive, between 400 metres north of its intersection with New Dundee Road and Stauffer Drive Stauffer Drive, between 500 Stauffer Drive and the intersection of Caryndale Drive and Stauffer Drive; and the portion from Caryndale Drive to Tilt Drive, which has been converted to a trail Built Heritage Resources A farmhouse building (1878 New Dundee Road) A former school building, now a single detached home (1970 Plains Road) A farm complex, including buildings and landscape features, 500 Stauffer Drive *** This information is available in accessible formats upon request. *** Please call 519-741-2345 or TTY 1-866-969-9994 for assistance. Page 3 of 326 Figure 1.0 Location Map: Dundee Secondary Plan Area The draft HIA outlines impacts for each cultural heritage resource in section 8.2 beginning on page 134. The draft HIA summarizes their conclusions and recommendations in section 9 beginning on page 144. The recommendations include, but are not limited to: pursuing a land use scenario that retains the cultural heritage value or interest of the cultural heritage resources, regulating road right-of-way improvements to heritage corridors, establishing an 18 metre vegetative buffer to visually screen new development from the heritage corridors, maintaining current lighting conditions (i.e., no lighting) within heritage corridors unless required for public safety, balancing public and private access along Reidel Drive, ensuring vehicular access and context is maintained for the farmhouse building at 1878 New Dundee Road and the former school building at 1970 Plains Road, exploring opportunities for siting a park in close proximity to the farmhouse at 1878 New Dundee Road, and limit or relocate the low density residential land uses adjacent to 500 Stauffer Drive. At this time, Heritage Planning staff are seeking input and comments from members of the Heritage Kitchener committee, which will be considered as part of staffÓs review of the draft HIA and the broader Dundee Secondary Plan project. A copy of the draft HIA is available as Attachment A to this report. STRATEGIC PLAN ALIGNMENT: This report supports the delivery of core services. FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS: Capital Budget Î The recommendation has no impact on the Capital Budget. Operating Budget Î The recommendation has no impact on the Operating Budget. Page 4 of 326 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT: INFORM Î This report has been posted to the CityÓs website with the agenda in advance of the Heritage Kitchener committee meeting. PREVIOUS REPORTS/AUTHORITIES: Ontario Heritage Act Planning Act APPROVED BY: Justin Readman, General Manager, Development Services Department ATTACHMENTS: Attachment A Î Draft Heritage Impact Assessment Î Dundee Secondary Plan Page 5 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Revised Draft Report Prepared for: City of Kitchener 200 King Street West City of Kitchener, ON N2G 4V6 Archaeological Services Inc. File: 24CH-218 September 2025 Page 6 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 1 Executive Summary Archaeological Services Inc., in collaboration with The Landplan Studio Inc., was contracted by the City of Kitchener to conduct a Heritage Impact Assessment (H.I.A.) and Heritage Corridor Enhancement Plan (H.C.E.P.) for the Dundee Secondary Plan in the City of Kitchener, Ontario. The focus of the H.I.A. is on the following previously identified heritage resources within the Dundee Secondary Plan area: Plains Road (identified in the City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscapes (2014)); Reidel Drive (a portion is recognized as a Heritage Corridor in the City of Kitchener Official Plan (2019); Reidel Drive is identified in the City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscapes (2014)); Stauffer Drive (recognized as a Heritage Corridor in the City of Kitchener Official Plan (2019); identified in the City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscapes (2014)); 1878 New Dundee Road (identified in the Heritage Kitchener Inventory (2025b)); 1970 Plains Road (1970 Fischer-Hallman Road) (identified in the City of Kitchener Index of Non-Designated Properties of Heritage Value or Interest (2024a)); 271 Reidel Drive (identified in the City of Kitchener Index of Non-Designated Properties of Heritage Value or Interest (2024a)); and, 500 Stauffer Drive (designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act, By-law 2013-026). The purpose of this report is to evaluate the cultural heritage value of the aforementioned properties and roads, with the exception of 500 Stauffer Drive, and for all of the heritage resources identified as having cultural heritage value, to assess how the Dundee Secondary Plan may impact that value. The H.I.A. follows ƷŷĻ /źƷǤ ƚŅ YźƷĭŷĻƓĻƩ͸ƭ IĻƩźƷğŭĻ LƒƦğĭƷ !ƭƭĻƭƭƒĻƓƷ Α ĻƩƒƭ ƚŅ wĻŅĻƩĻƓĭĻ (City of Kitchener, 2024c). Page 7 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 2 The H.C.E.P. will be a separate report and completed for any portion of Plains Road, Reidel Drive, and/or Stauffer Drive identified as being of cultural heritage value or significance and worthy of designation as a Heritage Corridor in the Official Plan. The H.C.E.P. will address the measures to be implemented to mitigate negative impacts and to conserve, enhance, and maintain the heritage attributes that contribute to defining any portion of these roads as a Heritage Corridor. Based on the results of the evaluations conducted as part of this H.I.A., the following resources are of cultural heritage value or interest: The rural road network consisting of Reidel Drive, between 400 metres north of its intersection with New Dundee Road and Stauffer Drive, and Stauffer Drive from just east of 500 Stauffer Drive to Tilt Drive ; A farmhouse building at 1878 New Dundee Road; A former school located at 1970 Plains Road; and 500 Stauffer Drive. The following recommendations have been developed based on the results of the analysis presented herein: 1. Pursue a land use scenario that retains the cultural heritage value or interest related to 1878 New Dundee Road, 1970 Plains Road, 500 Stauffer Drive, and Reidel Drive/Stauffer Drive Heritage Corridor. 2. Plains Road a. To conserve the alignment of Plains Road through the Dundee Secondary Plan the preferred land use scenario, any road improvements or closures planned should maintain its historical alignment. b. The retention of the schoolhouse building at 1970 Plains Road supports commemoration of the historic alignment and historical associations. Additional commemoration may be appropriate to Page 8 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 3 develop and implement as part of the Secondary Plan and which may involve continuing the commemoration strategy implemented to the northeast in the Wallaceton Estates area. c. The area outside of the Secondary Plan to the southwest, in particular Plains Road from Fischer-Hallman Road to Trussler Road, appears to retain several scenic road elements and is surrounded by an agricultural landscape context. It is recommended that this portion of Plains Road continue to be recognized as a cultural heritage landscape and further study be undertaken to confirm whether it should be identified as a Heritage Corridor in the City of YźƷĭŷĻƓĻƩ͸ƭ Official Plan. 3. Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive Heritage Corridor a. Road right-of-way improvements to Reidel Drive should be limited. For example, the existing cross-section of Reidel Drive should be maintained from Stauffer Drive to 400 metres north of its intersection with New Dundee Road. b. Conservation of the cultural heritage values of the Reidel Drive/Stauffer Drive corridors may include establishment of a vegetated buffer to visually screen new development from the road corridors. For example, the City should consider implementing a 18m wide no cut/no fill tree preservation/restoration zone beyond the Reidel Drive right-of-way that would allow for native shrubs and at least a double row of large growing native or non-invasive shade trees, typical of Ecodistrict 6e-1 (Stratford) and appropriate for the microclimate of the particular site (The Ecosystems of Ontario, Part 1: Ecozones and Ecoregions, and The Ecosystems of Ontario, Part 2: Ecodistricts both from the Ministry of Natural Resources). c. An approximate 18m wide tree restoration zone on the west side of Reidel Drive is recommended to support introduction of native specimens typical of a Beech-Maple climax forest as seen in the nearby climax forest at Stauffer Drive and Caryndale Drive. This native ecosystem while also accounting for tree selections, should Page 9 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 4 also be considered for other wood plants that will best thrive in the future expected environment. Generally 45m³ of soil is preferred for a large stature tree such as a Maple. Accordingly, to support introduction of a double row of Maples along Reidel Drive and to accommodate their growth and maturation over time including projected drip line of the tree crown, an approximate buffer of 18 m would be required to optimize health of the specimens. A double row is recommended to provide an effective visual and atmospheric buffer between the proposed low-density residential land uses and the Reidel Drive right-of-way. A double row of tree plantings supports future-proofing and resilience of the specimens; an 18m buffer to accommodate a double row of trees provides adequate space for underplanting once trees mature and allows for replacement plantings in the event of tree loss due to age, insects or disease. d. Another strategy that may be considered could include an open space allocation adjacent to the south side of the Blair Creek natural heritage feature. The purpose of this area would be to support heritage conservation objectives related to the Reidel Road and Stauff Drive Heritage Corridor. This allocation could focus on introducing passive trail uses and with an emphasis on a naturalization strategy, such as an early succession native meadow landscape. This could also provide an opportunity to enhance the trail connectivity along the south side of the Blair Creek feature and retain visual experiences of this undulating and unique moraine landscape from Reidel Drive. Such a strategy would require reducing the northerly limits of the storm water management pond and relocating the trail head northerly along Reidel Drive. Interpretative elements could be integrated at the trailhead and/or along the trail to promote understanding of the moraine landscape and its evolution over time, relationship Ʒƚ ƷŷĻ ĭƚƒƒǒƓźƷǤ͸s water supply and quality, and transition from an agriculturally-modified landscape st during the 21 century. Page 10 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 5 e. Additionally, the proposed low density residential land uses should front on the new collector roads rather than Reidel Drive. Introduction of new vehicular access points along Reidel Drive should be avoided or minimized. f. The use of lighting within the Dundee Secondary Plan with cut-offs is preferred and in relation to Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive. Lighting with cut-offs provides the best glare control, as the lateral extension of light is controlled, resulting in darkening of the area around the road. The portion of Reidel Drive that is to be converted to private access to 500 Stauffer Drive should maintain the current lighting conditions (i.e. no lighting) unless, through the municipal review process it is determined that public-scale lighting is required to address public safety concerns. Consideration should also be given to ƒƚķźŅǤźƓŭ ƷŷĻ ƌźŭŷƷźƓŭ ǞğǝĻƌĻƓŭƷŷƭ ͻƌĻƭƭ ğƷƷƩğĭƷźǝĻ ƚƩ ķźƭƩǒƦƷźǝĻ Ʒƚ ǞźƌķƌźŅĻͼ ΛŷƷƷƦƭʹΉΉƦƌğƭŭğźƓ͵ĭƚƒ͵ğǒ/the-impact-of-street-lighting-on- urban-wildlife/). g. Ensure an appropriate balance of maintaining public and private access along Reidel Drive, ensuring that both 500 Stauffer Drive has a long-term access strategy and that the public can continue to access Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive so their function as scenic heritage corridors can continue. Where new trail systems are introduced with access from Reidel Drive and/or Stauffer Drive and within proposed school and park uses to the west of Reidel Drive, interpretative or commemorative programming, public art, or landscaping treatments should be integrated. 4. 1878 New Dundee Road a. Ensure appropriate vehicular access to the farmhouse building is maintained to ensure long-term viability and occupancy of the structure. The preferred land use scenario should maintain the existing residential building. Page 11 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 6 5. 1970 Plains Road a. The preferred land use scenario should retain the existing building and maintain vehicular access to the structure. Any road źƒƦƩƚǝĻƒĻƓƷƭ ƭŷƚǒƌķ ƒğźƓƷğźƓ ƷŷĻ Ʃƚğķ͸ƭ ĻǣźƭƷźƓŭ ğƌźŭƓƒĻƓƷ ğƓķ should be mitigated through a commemoration strategy. 6. 500 Stauffer Drive In addition to the mitigation measures related to the new proposed Strasburg Road provided in the property specific Heritage Impact Assessment (Archaeological Services Inc., 2024b), the following is recommended: Lands East of Strasburg Road Extension a. Limit or re-site the low-density residential land uses adjacent to the ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷǤͲ ƦğƩƷźĭǒƌğƩƌǤ ķźƩĻĭƷƌǤ ƭƚǒƷŷ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷǤ͸ƭ ĭǒƩƩĻƓƷ driveway. b. A vegetative buffer consisting of a single row of large deciduous shade tree plantings typical of a nineteenth-century farmstead may be an appropriate strategy along the southern and western edges of the property to visually separate future residential land uses. If a more opaque visual screen is necessary that includes coniferous trees such as Norway Spruce (Picae abies), the planting area may need to include a larger setback from the road to plant woody species that are tolerant of salts to help mitigate aerosolized road salts (https://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/5/2/25). c. The proposed off-road trails along the southern edge of the property present an appropriate strategy for maintaining a compatible landscape context surrounding the designated property. Interpretive or commemorative programming should be considered for integration throughout the trail system. Page 12 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 7 Lands West of Strasburg Road Extension d. To support implementation of the above modifications to the land use scenarios, and given the introduction of the Strasburg Road extension, the City should consider amending the designation by-law to exclude the northwest corner of the property which will ultimately be bisected by the Strasburg Road extension. This area might then be able to accommodate other proposed land uses. The above recommendations are consistent with general approaches for mitigating and/or avoiding adverse impacts to identified cultural heritage resources, and which often include consideration of the following strategies. Avoidance and mitigation to allow development to proceed while retaining heritage resources in situ and intact. Adaptive re-use of a built heritage structure. Alternative development approaches to conserve and enhance a significant heritage resource. Avoidance protocols to isolating development and land use alterations to minimize impacts on significant built and natural features and vistas. Historical commemoration of the cultural heritage of a property/structure/area, historical commemoration by way of interpretive plaques. Architectural design guidelines for buildings on adjacent and nearby lots to help integrate and harmonize mass, setback, and materials. Limiting height and density of buildings on adjacent and nearby lots. Ensuring compatible lot patterns, situating parks and stormwater ponds near a heritage resource. Vegetation buffer zones, tree planting, site plan control and other planning mechanisms. Allowing only compatible infill and additions. Preparation of conservation, restoration, and adaptive reuse plans as necessary. Page 13 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 8 Heritage Designation, Heritage Conservation Easement as necessary. Conservation of natural heritage features and environmentally significant areas where they contribute to the cultural heritage values or interest of resources. Development of heritage conservation guidelines and policies for the Secondary Plan area to ensure appropriate relationships between new residential buildings and residential built heritage resources. Development of new street patterns and zoning bylaws which consider the existing cultural heritage of the area, ensuring that properties and roads with cultural heritage value are not only conserved but recognized as assets within the community. Page 14 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 9 Report Accessibility Features This report has been formatted to meet the Information and Communications Standards under the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005 (A.O.D.A.). Features of this report which enhance accessibility include: headings, font size and colour, alternative text provided for images, and the use of periods within acronyms. Given this is a technical report, there may be instances where additional accommodation is required in ƚƩķĻƩ ŅƚƩ ƩĻğķĻƩƭ Ʒƚ ğĭĭĻƭƭ ƷŷĻ ƩĻƦƚƩƷ͸ƭ information. If additional accommodation is required, please contact Annie Veilleux, Manager of the Cultural Heritage Practice Area at Archaeological Services Inc., by email at aveilleux@asiheritage.ca or by phone 416-966-1069 ext. 255. Page 15 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 10 Project Personnel Principal-in-Charge: Rebecca Sciarra, M.A., C.A.H.P., Partner, Director - Cultural Heritage Senior Project Manager: Kristina Martens, B.A., Dipl. Heritage Conservation, Manager, Area Planning and Building Conservation, Senior Cultural Heritage Specialist - Cultural Heritage Landscape Architect: Mark Steele, B.A. (Hon), M.L.A., O.A.L.A., C.S.L.A, Principal and Owner of The Landplan Studio Inc. Project Coordinator: Jessica Bisson, B.F.A. (Hon.), Cultural Heritage Technician, Coordinator - Cultural Heritage Project Manager: Kirstyn Allam, B.A. (Hon), Advanced Dipl. Applied Museum Studies, Cultural Heritage Analyst, Project Manager - Cultural Heritage Field Review: Kristina Martens; Kirstyn Allam; Elizabeth Antczak, M.Arch., Building Conservation Analyst - Cultural Heritage; Mark Steele, Landplan, Landscape Architect Report Production: Kirstyn Allam; Elizabeth Antczak; Michael Wilcox, P.h.D., Historian - Cultural Heritage; Mark Steele Graphics Production: Peter Bikoulis, P.h.D., Archaeologist, Geomatics Technician - Operations Report Reviewer(s): Kristina Martens; Rebecca Sciarra; Annie Veilleux, M.A. C.A.H.P., Senior Cultural Heritage Specialist, Manager, Cultural Landscape & Community Planning - Cultural Heritage Page 16 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 11 Glossary Built Heritage Resource (B.H.R.) 5ĻŅźƓźƷźƚƓʹ ͻͶğ ĬǒźƌķźƓŭͲ ƭƷƩǒĭƷǒƩĻͲ ƒƚƓǒment, installation or any manufactured or constructed part or remnant that contƩźĬǒƷĻƭ Ʒƚ ğ ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷǤ͸ƭ ĭǒƌƷǒƩğƌ ŷĻƩźƷğŭĻ value or interest as identified by a community, including an Indigenous ĭƚƒƒǒƓźƷǤͼ ΛaźƓźƭƷƩǤ ƚŅ aǒƓźĭźƦğƌ !ŅŅğźƩƭ ğƓķ IƚǒƭźƓŭͲ ЋЉЋЍͲ Ʀ͵ ЍЉΜ͵ Cultural Heritage Landscape (C.H.L.) 5ĻŅźƓźƷźƚƓʹ ͻͶğ ķĻŅźƓĻķ ŭĻƚŭƩğƦŷźĭğƌ ğƩĻğ ƷŷğƷ ƒğǤ ŷğǝĻ ĬĻĻƓ ƒƚķźŅźĻķ ĬǤ ŷǒƒğƓ activity and is identified as having cultural heritage value or interest by a community, including an Indigenous community. The area may include features such as buildings, structures, spaces, views, archaeological sites or natural elements that are valued together for their interrelationship, meaning or ğƭƭƚĭźğƷźƚƓͼΛaźƓźƭƷƩǤ ƚŅ aǒƓźĭźƦğƌ !Ņfairs and Housing, 2024, p. 41). Heritage Corridor 5ĻŅźƓźƷźƚƓʹ ͻƭƷƩĻĻƷƭ ƚƩ multi-use pathways which because of their unique structural, topographic and visual characteristics, as well as abutting vegetation, built environment and cultural landscape, historical significance or location within a Heritage Conservation District are recognized as a cultural heritage resource and are intended to be conserved ͼ Λ/źƷǤ ƚŅ YźƷĭŷĻƓĻƩͲ ЋЉЊВͲ Ʀ͵ !ΏЊЉΜ͵ Significant Definition: With regard to cultural heritage and archaeology resources, significant ƒĻğƓƭ ͻƩĻƭƚǒƩĭĻƭ ƷŷğƷ ŷğǝĻ ĬĻĻƓ ķĻƷĻƩƒźƓĻķ Ʒƚ ŷğǝĻ ĭǒƌƷǒƩğƌ ŷĻƩźƷğŭĻ ǝğƌǒĻ ƚƩ interest. Processes and criteria for determining cultural heritage value or interest are established by the Province under the authority of the Ontario Heritage Act ͼ (Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, 2024, p. 52). Page 17 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 12 Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Report Accessibility Features 9 Project Personnel 10 Glossary 11 Table of Contents 12 1.0 Introduction 22 1.1 Policy Framework 25 1.2 Location and Study Area Description 27 2.0 Research 43 2.1 Key Sources 43 2.2 Site Visit 45 2.3 Relevant Agencies and/or Stakeholders Engaged 45 3.0 Discussion of Historical or Associative Value 46 3.1 Summary of Early Indigenous History in Southern Ontario 46 3.2 Township of Waterloo 52 3.3 Plains Road Development 54 3.4 Reidel Drive Development 55 3.5 Stauffer Drive Development 56 3.6 Dundee Secondary Plan Study Area Historical Mapping Review 57 3.7 Land Use History 67 3.7.1 1878 New Dundee Road 67 3.7.2 1970 Plains Road 68 3.7.3 271 Reidel Drive 70 Page 18 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 13 4.0 Discussion of Physical and Design Value 73 4.1 Plains Road 73 4.1.1 Road Profile 73 4.1.2 Vegetation 75 4.1.3 Alteration History and Heritage Integrity 75 4.2 Reidel Drive 77 4.2.1 Road Profile 77 4.2.2 Vegetation 78 4.2.3 Alteration History and Heritage Integrity 80 4.3 Stauffer Drive 82 4.3.1 Road Profile 82 4.3.2 Vegetation 84 4.3.3 Alteration History and Heritage Integrity 85 4.4 1878 New Dundee Road 86 4.4.1 Property Configuration and Landscape Characteristics 86 4.4.2 Residence 90 4.4.3 Outbuildings 97 4.4.4 Building Style/Typology 100 4.5 1970 Plains Road 104 4.5.1 Property Configuration and Landscape Characteristics 104 4.5.2 Residence/Former Schoolhouse 104 4.5.3 Building Style/Typology 107 4.6 271 Reidel Drive 109 Page 19 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 14 5.0 Discussion of Contextual Value 111 5.1 Landscape, Geology, Topography, and Natural Resources 111 5.2 Land Use Character 112 5.3 Contextual Value of the Roads and Properties 113 5.3.1 Plains Road 113 5.3.2 Reidel Drive 117 5.3.3 Stauffer Drive 121 5.3.4 1878 New Dundee Road 124 5.3.5 1970 Plains Road 125 5.3.6 271 Reidel Drive 127 6.0 Heritage Evaluation 128 6.1 Plains Road Ontario Regulation 9/06 129 6.2 Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive Ontario Regulation 9/06 131 6.2.1 Draft Statement of Cultural Heritage Value and Heritage Attributes 133 6.3 1878 New Dundee Road Ontario Regulation 9/06 135 6.3.1 Draft Statement of Cultural Heritage Value and Heritage Attributes 137 6.4 1970 Plains Road Ontario Regulation 9/06 139 6.4.1 Draft Statement of Cultural Heritage Value and Heritage Attributes 141 6.5 271 Reidel Drive Ontario Regulation 9/06 143 Page 20 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 15 7.0 Proposed Development 145 7.1 Description of Proposed Development 145 7.2 Impact Assessment 148 7.2.1 Plains Road 148 7.2.2 Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive 150 7.2.3 1878 New Dundee Road 154 7.2.4 1970 Plains Road 156 7.2.5 500 Stauffer Drive 158 8.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 160 9.0 List of Resources Consulted 167 Appendix A: Qualified Persons Involved in the Project 177 Page 21 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 16 List of Figures Figure 1: Location of the identified heritage resources located within the Dundee Secondary Plan (Base Map: ©OpenStreetMap and contributors, Creative Commons-Share Alike License (CC-BY-SA)). 24 Figure 2: Satellite image of the previously recognized heritage resources located within the Dundee Secondary Plan (ESRI Ortho). 28 Figure 3: Plains Road, looking southwest (A.S.I., 2025). 29 Figure 4: Aerial of Plains Road (A.S.I., 2025). 30 Figure 5: Reidel Drive, looking north (A.S.I., 2025). 31 Figure 6: Aerial of Reidel Drive (A.S.I., 2025). 32 Figure 7: Stauffer Drive, looking east (A.S.I., 2025). 33 Figure 8: Aerial of the public portion of Stauffer Drive (A.S.I., 2025). 34 Figure 9: Aerial of the laneway portion of Stauffer Drive (A.S.I., 2025). 34 Figure 10: The residence at 1878 New Dundee Road, looking north at the south façade (A.S.I., 2025). 35 Figure 11: Aerial of the property at 1878 New Dundee Road (A.S.I., 2025). 36 Figure 12: The residence at 1970 Plains Road, looking northwest at the southeast façade (A.S.I., 2025). 37 Figure 13: Aerial of the property at 1970 Plains Road (A.S.I., 2025). 38 Figure 14: The property at 271 Reidel Drive, looking west (A.S.I., 2025). 39 Figure 15: Aerial of the property at 271 Reidel Drive (A.S.I., 2025). 40 Figure 16: The residence at 500 Stauffer Drive, looking north (A.S.I., 2025). 41 Figure 17: Aerial of the property at 500 Stauffer Drive (A.S.I., 2025). 42 Figure 18: The location of the study area and identified heritage resources overlaid on the 1861 Map of the County of Waterloo (Tremaine, 1861). 59 Figure 19: The location of the study area and identified heritage resources overlaid on the 1881 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Waterloo (Parsell & Co., 1881). 60 Figure 20: The location of the study area and identified heritage resources overlaid on a 1916 topographic map, Galt Sheet (Department of Militia and Defence, 1916). 62 Page 22 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 17 Figure 21: The location of the study area and identified heritage resources overlaid on a 1936 topographic map, Galt Sheet (Department of National Defence, 1936). 63 Figure 22: The location of the study area and identified heritage resources overlaid on a 1954 aerial photograph (Hunting Survey Corporation Limited, 1954). 64 Figure 23: The location of the study area and identified heritage resources overlaid on a combined 1975/1976 topographic map, Kitchener-Breslau and Ayr Sheets (Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, 1975, 1976). 65 Figure 24: The location of the study area and identified heritage resources overlaid on a 1998 topographic map, Cambridge Sheet (Natural Resources Canada, 1998). 66 Figure 25: Miss Jennie Brydon with her pupils at Plains School House, September 1907 (Bloomfield, 1995a). 69 Figure 26: The residence and property at 271 Reidel Drive (©2023 Google). 72 Figure 27: The residence and property after the fire (CTVNews, 2023). 72 Figure 28: The section of Plains Road within the Dundee Secondary Plan, looking northeast from Fischer-Hallman Road, with typical vegetation patterns of the roadway with grassed ditches and tree lines (A.S.I., 2025). 74 Figure 29: The section of Plains Road within the Dundee Secondary Plan, looking southwest to Fischer-Hallman Road (A.S.I., 2025) 74 Figure 30: Transition from gravel shoulders to concrete curbs at the northern portion of Plains Road (A.S.I., 2025). 76 Figure 31: Terminus of Plains Road at the north end, approaching Broadacre Drive (A.S.I., 2025). 76 Figure 32: Reidel Drive, showing its two lanes of traffic and narrow gravel shoulders (A.S.I., 2025). 78 Figure 33: Looking north on Reidel Drive near the southern portion of the road, showing the sporadic nature of the trees and shrubs (A.S.I., 2025). 79 Figure 34: Trees and vegetation in the distance enclosing on the roadway near the Blair Creek crossing (A.S.I., 2025). 79 Figure 35: North end of Reidel Drive looking south (A.S.I., 2025). 80 Page 23 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 18 Figure 36: Mixed-use community under construction to the east of Reidel Drive (A.S.I., 2025). 81 Figure 37: Stauffer Drive, showing its narrow two lanes and no shoulders (A.S.I., 2025). 83 Figure 38: Trail portion of Stauffer Drive, looking east towards Tilt Drive (A.S.I., 2025). 83 Figure 39: Looking west of Stauffer Drive from Reidel Drive, showing the vegetation along the roadway (A.S.I., 2025). 84 Figure 40: Laneway portion of Stauffer Drive in the background showing the vegetation (A.S.I., 2025). 85 Figure 41: The southern end of the driveway near New Dundee Road, looking north (A.S.I., 2025). 87 Figure 42: The driveway extends northward past the residence (A.S.I., 2025). 88 Figure 43: The pond to the north of the residence (A.S.I., 2025). 88 Figure 44: Lines of coniferous and deciduous trees bordering the property (A.S.I., 2025). 89 Figure 45: View of an adjacent agricultural field from the yard at 1878 New Dundee Road (A.S.I., 2025). 89 Figure 46: The stone farmhouse with gable roof and additions (A.S.I., 2025). 92 Figure 47: The front, south façade of the farmhouse (A.S.I., 2025). 92 Figure 48: Rear, north façade of the stone farmhouse with wood-framed windows. An enclosed porch, on the right, opens onto a partially enclosed elevated deck (A.S.I., 2025). 93 Figure 49: Wood nailers in a doorway through the east wall of the farmhouse (A.S.I., 2025). 93 Figure 50: The eastern stone addition set back from the farmhouse, note the change in stone coursing (A.S.I., 2025). 94 Figure 51: The front, south façade of the farmhouse enclosed by a sunroom addition (A.S.I., 2025). 94 Figure 52: An empty window frame opens between sunroom and farmhouse, note the change in lintel stones above (A.S.I., 2025). 95 Figure 53: A log cabin, transported from another site, connected to the farmhouse by the board and batten addition on the right (A.S.I., 2025). 95 Page 24 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 19 Figure 54: The interior of the log cabin is used as a kitchen (A.S.I., 2025). 96 Figure 55: The excavated rear yard of the residence and fieldstone foundation below the eastern stone addition, which has been lowered with concrete (A.S.I., 2025). 96 Figure 56: Fieldstone foundation below the farmhouse, with a band of parging above a layer of concrete where the basement has been lowered (A.S.I., 2025). 97 Figure 57: Garage with hip roof (A.S.I., 2025). 98 Figure 58: North elevation of outbuilding with gardens (A.S.I., 2025). 98 Figure 59: West elevation of outbuilding (A.S.I., 2025). 99 Figure 60: The ruins of the barn foundation, poured concrete tennis court, and silo beyond (A.S.I., 2025). 99 Figure 61: Heritage-listed fieldstone residences immediately surrounding 1878 New Dundee Road (City of Kitchener GeoHub, annotations by A.S.I., 2025). 101 Figure 62: Georgian stone house at 508 New Dundee Road (©2025 Google). 102 Figure 63: Georgian stone house at 39 Doon Valley Drive (©2025 Google). 102 Figure 64: Georgian stone house at 59 Marianne Dorn Trail (©2025 Google). 103 Figure 65: Satellite imagery of extensive additions at 432 Plains Road (Imagery ©2025 Google, Airbus; Map data ©2025 Google). 103 Figure 66: The southeast elevation of the residence at 1970 Plains Road, originally the front façade of the Plains School (A.S.I., 2025). 106 Figure 67: The datestone on the southeast façade, note the red brick behind the peeling paint (A.S.I., 2025). 106 Figure 68: Agricultural fields of 271 Reidel Drive (A.S.I., 2025). 109 Figure 69: Looking south from the northern border of the property, the trees in the distance line Blair Creek (A.S.I., 2025). 110 Figure 70: Post-and-wire fence, metal gate, and trees along the eastern border of the property (A.S.I., 2025). 110 Figure 71: The topography of Plains Road rises slightly, and a concrete curb is introduced midway through the portion of road within the Dundee Secondary Plan (A.S.I., 2025). 115 Page 25 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 20 Figure 72: Rural residential property on the south side of Plains Road (A.S.I., 2025). 115 Figure 73: View looking northeast from Plains Road to an agricultural property (A.S.I., 2025). 116 Figure 74: Plains Road terminates at the northeast where a residential subdivision begins (A.S.I., 2025). 116 Figure 75: Map of the identified viewshed from Reidel Drive to agricultural fields and moraine landscape (A.S.I., 2025). 118 Figure 76: The viewshed looking northwest from Reidel Drive to agricultural fields and moraine landforms (©2025 Google) 118 Figure 77: The viewshed looking northwest from Reidel Drive to agricultural fields and moraine landforms (Landplan, 2025). 119 Figure 78: Active construction site levelling topography, looking west from Reidel Drive (A.S.I., 2025). 119 Figure 79: Looking north along Reidel Drive, with a former agricultural property under construction (right) and an active agricultural property (left) (A.S.I., 2025). 120 Figure 80: Stauffer Drive, looking west, agricultural property (left), 500 Stauffer Drive (right), and the hydro line crossing the road (middle) (A.S.I., 2025). 122 Figure 81: View of Reidel Drive from Stauffer Drive, with rolling topography, mature trees, and an agricultural field to the right (A.S.I., 2025). 122 Figure 82: The top of a hill along Stauffer Drive (A.S.I., 2025). 123 Figure 83: The straight portion of Stauffer Road (A.S.I., 2025). 123 Figure 84: The east portion of Stauffer Road, a recreational trail (A.S.I., 2025). 124 Figure 85: The entry to 1970 Plains Road from Fischer-Hallman Road. A residential subdivision is visible in the background (A.S.I., 2025). 126 Figure 86: The acute angle of the Plains Road and Fischer-Hallman Road intersection, on the right, with a line of spruce trees (A.S.I., 2025). 126 Figure 87: The view of the Plains School from Plains Road is concealed by mature trees (A.S.I., 2025). 127 Figure 88: Land Use Scenarios for the Dundee Secondary Plan (plans dated May 16, 2025) (City of Kitchener, 2025) 147 Page 26 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 21 Figure 89: Land Use Scenario A in the vicinity of Plains Road (City of Kitchener, 2025a) 149 Figure 90: Land Use Scenario B in the vicinity of Plains Road (City of Kitchener, 2025a) 149 Figure 91: Land Use Scenario A in the vicinity of Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive (City of Kitchener, 2025a) 152 Figure 92: Land Use Scenario B in the vicinity of Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive (City of Kitchener, 2025a) 152 Figure 93: The Land Use Scenarios with the Identified Viewshed overlaid. 153 Figure 94: Land Use Scenario A in the vicinity of 1878 New Dundee Road (City of Kitchener, 2025a) 155 Figure 95: Land Use Scenario B in the vicinity of 1878 New Dundee Road (City of Kitchener, 2025a) 155 Figure 96: Land Use Scenario A in the vicinity of 1970 Plains Road (City of Kitchener, 2025a) 157 Figure 97: Land Use Scenario B in the vicinity of 1970 Plains Road (City of Kitchener, 2025a) 157 Figure 98: Land Use Scenario A in the vicinity of 500 Stauffer Drive (City of Kitchener, 2025a) 159 Figure 99: Land Use Scenario B in the vicinity of 500 Stauffer Drive (City of Kitchener, 2025a) 159 Page 27 of 326 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 22 1.0 Introduction Archaeological Services Inc. (A.S.I.), in collaboration with The Landplan Studio Inc., was contracted by the City of Kitchener to conduct a Heritage Impact Assessment (H.I.A.) and Heritage Corridor Enhancement Plan (H.C.E.P.) for the Dundee Secondary Plan in the City of Kitchener, Ontario. The H.I.A. will focus on the following previously identified heritage resources within the Dundee Secondary Plan area (Figure 1): Plains Road; Reidel Drive; Stauffer Drive; 1878 New Dundee Road; 1970 Plains Road (Fischer-Hallman Road); 271 Reidel Drive; and, 500 Stauffer Drive. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the cultural heritage value of the aforementioned properties and roads, with the exception of 500 Stauffer Drive, and for all of the heritage resources identified as having cultural heritage value, to assess how the Dundee Secondary Plan may impact that value. The H.I.A. follows ƷŷĻ /źƷǤ ƚŅ YźƷĭŷĻƓĻƩ͸ƭ IĻƩźƷğŭĻ LƒƦğĭƷ !ƭƭĻƭƭƒĻƓƷ Α ĻƩƒƭ ƚŅ wĻŅĻƩĻƓĭĻ (City of Kitchener, 2024c). The scope of the Plains Road evaluation is for the portion of the road within the boundary of the Dundee Secondary Plan area. The H.C.E.P. will be a separate report and completed for any portion of Plains Road, Reidel Drive, and/or Stauffer Drive identified as being of cultural heritage value or significance and worthy of designation as a Heritage Corridor in the Official Plan. The H.C.E.P. will address the measures to be implemented to mitigate negative impacts and to conserve, enhance, and maintain the heritage attributes that contribute to defining any portion of these roads as a Heritage Corridor. Page 28 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 23 The purpose of this report is to provide input for the Dundee Secondary Plan. The purpose of the Dundee Secondary Plan is to set out a detailed vision and planning framework which will guide the long-term development of this new community in southwest Kitchener. The Secondary Plan will provide policies for new urban uses in the area over the long-term such as homes, parks, natural areas, shops and schools, connected by trails, transit, roads, and sustainable infrastructure. The Dundee Secondary Plan is being prepared as an Integrated Environmental Assessment. Page 29 of 326 ASI Page 30 of 326 the Dundee Secondary Plan (Base ve Commons-Share Alike License (CC-BY-SA)). heritage resources located within Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 24 Figure 1: Location of the identifiedMap: ©OpenStreetMap and contributors, Creati Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 25 1.1 Policy Framework The assessment of the subject properties and roads is being conducted in accordance with the following guiding ķƚĭǒƒĻƓƷƭʹ ƷŷĻ /źƷǤ ƚŅ YźƷĭŷĻƓĻƩ͸ƭ Heritage LƒƦğĭƷ !ƭƭĻƭƭƒĻƓƷ Α Terms of Reference (City of Kitchener, 2024c), the City of Kitchener Official Plan (City of Kitchener, 2019), and the Regional Official Plan . The analysis used throughout the heritage impact assessment process addresses cultural heritage resources under other various pieces of legislation and their supporting guidelines: Ontario Heritage Act (Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. c. O.18 \[as Amended in 2024\], 1990); Planning Act (Planning Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. P.13, 1990) and the 2024 Provincial Planning Statement (Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, 2024); Standards and Guidelines for Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties (Government of Ontario, 2010); Standards and Guidelines for Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties: Heritage Identification and Evaluation Process (Government of Ontario, 2014); Ontario Heritage Tool Kit (Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism, 2025); Information Bulletin No. 3: Heritage Impact Assessments for Provincial Heritage Properties (Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism, 2017); and Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada (Parks Canada, 2010). Page 31 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 26 This document will provide: A description of the cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resources that are under evaluation in this report; A general description of the history of the Dundee Secondary Plan area as well as detailed historical summaries of property ownership and building(s) development; ! ķźƭĭǒƭƭźƚƓ ƚŅ Ļğĭŷ ƩƚğķǞğǤ͸ƭ ğƓķ ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷǤ͸ƭ ŷźƭƷƚƩźĭğƌ ƚƩ ğƭƭƚĭźğƷźǝĻ value, physical and design value, and contextual value; Representative photographs of the roads and representative photographs ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷǤ͸ƭ ĬǒźƌķźƓŭΛƭΜ ğƓķ ƷŷĻźƩ ĭŷğƩğĭƷĻƩΏķĻŅźƓźƓŭ ğƩĭŷźƷĻĭƷǒƩğƌ details; An evaluation guided by Ontario Heritage Act criteria of each property and road; A proposed Statement of Significance for each roadway and subject property, as appropriate, along with a summary of heritage attributes; A description of the proposed development; An impact assessment; Recommendations for mitigating impacts to the properties and roads; Historical mapping and photographs; and, A location plan. Page 32 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 27 1.2 Location and Study Area Description The proposed Dundee Secondary Plan is generally bounded by Fischer-Hallman Road to the west, Broadacre Drive to the north, Reidel Drive to the east, and New Dundee Road to the south in the City of Kitchener (Figure 2). The following previously recognized heritage resources are located within the Secondary Plan area: Plains Road (identified in the City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscapes (2014)); Reidel Drive (a portion of Reidel Drive is recognized as a Heritage Corridor in the City of Kitchener Official Plan (2019); Reidel Drive is identified in the City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscapes (2014)); Stauffer Drive (recognized as a Heritage Corridor in the City of Kitchener Official Plan (2019); identified in the City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscapes (2014)); 1878 New Dundee Road (identified in the Heritage Kitchener Inventory (2025b)); 1970 Plains Road (1970 Fischer-Hallman Road) (identified in the City of Kitchener Index of Non-Designated Properties of Heritage Value or Interest (2024a)); 271 Reidel Drive (identified in the City of Kitchener Index of Non-Designated Properties of Heritage Value or Interest (2024a)); and, 500 Stauffer Drive (designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act, By-law 2013-026). The properties and roads are all located in a rural agricultural context generally in the southwest of the City of Kitchener. This area is part of the remaining rural agricultural lands within the city boundary. The area immediately north of the Dundee Secondary Plan has been recently developed into an urban context. This area of the city is in the process of urbanizing, with existing residential subdivisions to the north and east, and another in development immediately to the north at the time of report writing. Page 33 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 28 Figure 2: Satellite image of the previously recognized heritage resources located within the Dundee Secondary Plan (ESRI Ortho). Page 34 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 29 Plains Road as identified in the City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscapes is approximately four kilometres in length from Huron Road to Trussler Road. IƚǞĻǝĻƩͲ Ʒŷźƭ ķƚĭǒƒĻƓƷ ğĭƉƓƚǞƌĻķŭĻƭͲ ͻźƷƭ ƓƚƩƷŷĻƩƓ ƭĻĭƷźƚƓ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ IǒƩƚƓ Road and Fischer Hallman Road is scheduled to be incorporated into a new subdivision located east of Fischer Hallman wƚğķͼ͵ tƌğźƓƭ wƚğķ ǞźƷŷźƓ ƷŷĻ 5ǒƓķĻĻ Secondary Plan is approximately 190 metres in length and has a diagonal northeast-southwest alignment between Fischer-Hallman Road and Broadacre Drive (Figure 3 and Figure 4). The roadway features two lanes for vehicular traffic and a rural cross-section. Figure 3: Plains Road, looking southwest (A.S.I., 2025). Page 35 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 30 Figure 4: Aerial of Plains Road (A.S.I., 2025). Page 36 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 31 Reidel Drive as identified in the City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscapes is approximately 1.2 kilometres in length from New Dundee Road and Stauffer Drive, which is entirely within the Dundee Secondary Plan. Reidel Drive has a general north-south alignment between New Dundee Road and Stauffer Drive, with a slight bend north of its intersection with New Dundee Road (Figure 5 and Figure 6). The roadway features two lanes for vehicular traffic and no shoulders. Post and wire fencing for the agricultural properties line the east side of the road. Figure 5: Reidel Drive, looking north (A.S.I., 2025). Page 37 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 32 Figure 6: Aerial of Reidel Drive (A.S.I., 2025). Page 38 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 33 Stauffer Drive as identified in the City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscapes is approximately 1.4 kilometres in length from wĻźķĻƌ 5ƩźǝĻ Ʒƚ źƌƷ 5ƩźǝĻ͵ !͵{͵L͵͸ƭ ŅźĻƌķ review also identified a laneway connecting 1900 Fischer-Hallman Road/560 Stauffer Drive and 500 Stauffer Drive, and the public road from 500 Stauffer Drive to Reidel Drive, as potential parts of this cultural heritage landscape. Within the Dundee Secondary Plan, Stauffer Drive is a public road for approximately 100 metres, extending from Reidel Drive west to just east of 500 Stauffer Drive with a northeast-southwest alignment before it meanders as a laneway connecting to 1990 Fischer-Hallman Road/560 Stauffer Drive (Figure 7 to Figure 9). It is a roadway that features two narrow lanes for vehicular traffic and a rural cross- section. Figure 7: Stauffer Drive, looking east (A.S.I., 2025). Page 39 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 34 Figure 8: Aerial of the public portion of Stauffer Drive (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 9: Aerial of the laneway portion of Stauffer Drive (A.S.I., 2025). Page 40 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 35 The property at 1878 New Dundee Road is approximately 4.67 acres and is located north of New Dundee Road and east of Fischer-Hallman Road. The property features a one-and-a-half storey stone residence with additions (Figure 10 and Figure 11), an outbuilding, and a silo in the northern portion of the property. Figure 10: The residence at 1878 New Dundee Road, looking north at the south façade (A.S.I., 2025). Page 41 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 36 Figure 11: Aerial of the property at 1878 New Dundee Road (A.S.I., 2025). Page 42 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 37 The property at 1970 Plains Road (Fischer-Hallman Road) is approximately 1.6 acres and is located north of Plains Road and east of Fischer-Hallman Road. The property features a former schoolhouse that has been converted to a residence with a rear addition (Figure 12 and Figure 13). Figure 12: The residence at 1970 Plains Road, looking northwest at the southeast façade (A.S.I., 2025). Page 43 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 38 Figure 13: Aerial of the property at 1970 Plains Road (A.S.I., 2025). Page 44 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 39 The property at 271 Reidel Drive is approximately 203 acres and is located west of Reidel Drive and north of New Dundee Road. The property features agricultural fields and Blair Creek meanders through the northeast portion of the property (Figure 14 and Figure 15). Figure 14: The property at 271 Reidel Drive, looking west (A.S.I., 2025). Page 45 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 40 Figure 15: Aerial of the property at 271 Reidel Drive (A.S.I., 2025). Page 46 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 41 The property at 500 Stauffer Drive is approximately 97 acres and is located north of the intersection of Stauffer Drive and Reidel Drive. The property features a one-and-a-half storey stone farmhouse, a barn, a drive shed, a pond, hedgerows, trees, gardens, a woodlot, and agricultural fields (Figure 16 and Figure 17). Figure 16: The residence at 500 Stauffer Drive, looking north (A.S.I., 2025). Page 47 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 42 Figure 17: Aerial of the property at 500 Stauffer Drive (A.S.I., 2025). Page 48 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 43 2.0 Research The following section describes the sources and stakeholders consulted and research and field activities undertaken for this report. 2.1 Key Sources Background historical research, which includes consulting primary and secondary source documents, photos, and historic mapping, was undertaken to identify early settlement patterns and broad agents or themes of change in the study area. In addition, online historical research was undertaken through the websites of the following libraries and archives to build upon information gleaned from other primary and secondary materials: Internet Archives OurOntario ǞĻĻķƭƒǒźƩ LƓƭƷźƷǒƷĻ ƚƒĻƓ͸ƭ IźƭƷƚƩźĻƭ Waterloo Public Library Local History Collection Waterloo Historical Society, including their Facebook page Kitchener Public Library Local History and Genealogy Ken Seiling Waterloo Region Museum Library and Archives Canada ONLand Ontario Land Registry Access Available provincial, and municipal heritage inventories and databases were also consulted to obtain information about the properties. These included: The City of Kitchener Index of Non-Designated Properties of Heritage Value or Interest (2024a); The City of Kitchener Part IV Designated Property Index (2024b); The City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscapes (2014); and The Ontario Heritage Act Register (Ontario Heritage Trust, n.d.). Page 49 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 44 Previous consultant reports associated with potential above-ground cultural heritage resources within and/or adjacent and/or in the vicinity of the Dundee Secondary Plan included the following: Cultural Heritage Assessment Report: Built Heritage Resources and Cultural Heritage Landscapes Existing ConditioƓƭ Α !ƭƭĻƭƭƒĻƓƷ ƚŅ LƒƦğĭƷƭ wĻƦƚƩƷ Strasburg Road Extension From 500 m north of Stauffer Drive to New Dundee Road, City of Kitchener, Ontario (Archaeological Services Inc., 2012); Heritage Impact Assessment 500 Stauffer Drive, City of Kitchener, Ontario (Archaeological Services Inc., 2024b); Cultural Heritage Documentation Report 500 Stauffer Drive, City of Kitchener, Ontario (Archaeological Services Inc., 2024a); Plains Road Commemoration Design Brief (GSP Group, 2018); Becker Estates Heritage Impact Assessment 1940 Fischer-Hallman Road Proposed Plan of Subdivision for Huron Road Plains Road and Fischer- Hallman Road Consideration of Alternatives, Mitigation and Conservation Methods (Carson Woods Architects Limited, 2008); Becker Estates Heritage Impact Assessment Proposed Plan of Subdivision for Huron Road, Plains Road and Fischer-Hallman Road (Carson Woods Architects Limited, 2007); and, Kitchener Scenic Roads Study (City of Kitchener Local Architectural Conservation Advisory Committee, 1994). A full list of references consulted can be found in Section 9.0 of this document. Page 50 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 45 2.2 Site Visit The properties and roads were visited by Kirstyn Allam, Elizabeth Antczak, and Kristina Martens of Archaeological Services Inc. and Mark Steele of Landplan on 12 May 2025. Site review of the roads focused on the publicly accessible rights-of- way. The private portion of Stauffer Drive connecting 500 Stauffer Drive to 1900 Fischer-Hallman Road/560 Stauffer Drive was not accessed. Permission to Enter the property at 1878 New Dundee Road was granted by the property owner. The site reviews for 1970 Plains Road and 271 Reidel Drive were conducted from the publicly accessible rights-of-way. 2.3 Relevant Agencies and/or Stakeholders Engaged The following was contacted regarding the heritage status and for information concerning the properties and roads: Michelle Drake, Senior Heritage Planner, City of Kitchener (virtual meeting on 10 February 2025 and email communications on 18 February 2025). At the start-up meeting for the project, details and scoping of the report were confirmed. Following the meeting, staff provided files pertaining to the development to the north of the Dundee Secondary Plan, which included a Heritage Impact Assessment (H.I.A.) for the broader subdivision, an H.I.A. for 1940 Fischer Hallman Road (Carson Woods Architects Limited, 2007, 2008), and the Plains Road Commemoration Design Guidelines (GSP Group, 2018). Staff also provided other examples of Heritage Corridor Enhancement Plans including plans for Groh Drive (South) (MHBC, 2013), the Former Hansen Property (WSP, 2018), and Stauffer Woods Development (MMM Group Ltd, n.d.). The Scenic Road Identification Sheet for Reidel Drive was also provided. Page 51 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 46 3.0 Discussion of Historical or Associative Value Historically, the study area is located on \[ƚƷƭ Ў Ʒƚ Б ƚŅ .ĻğƭƌĻǤ͸ƭ bĻǞ {ǒƩǝĻǤ ğƓķ \[ƚƷƭ ВͲ ЊЍͲ ğƓķ ЊЎ ƚŅ .źĻŷƓ͸ƭ ƩğĭƷ źƓ Waterloo Township, County of Waterloo. 3.1 Summary of Early Indigenous History in Southern Ontario Current archaeological evidence indicates humans were present in southern Ontario approximately 13,000 years before present (B.P.) (Ferris, 2013). Populations at this time would have been highly mobile, inhabiting a boreal- parkland similar to the modern sub-arctic. By approximately 10,000 B.P., the environment had progressively warmed (Edwards & Fritz, 1988) and populations now occupied less extensive territories (Ellis & Deller, 1990). Between approximately 10,000-5,500 B.P., the Great Lakes basins experienced low-water levels, and many sites which would have been located on those former shorelines are now submerged. This period produces the earliest evidence of heavy wood working tools, an indication of greater investment of labour in felling trees for fuel, to build shelter, and watercraft production. These activities suggest prolonged seasonal residency at occupation sites. Polished stone and native copper implements were being produced by approximately 8,000 B.P.; the latter was acquired from the north shore of Lake Superior, evidence of extensive exchange networks throughout the Great Lakes region. The earliest archaeological evidence for cemeteries dates to approximately 4,500-3,000 B.P. and is interpreted by archaeologists to be indicative of increased social organization and the investment of labour into social infrastructure (Brown, 1995, p. 13; Ellis et al., 1990, 2009). Between 3,000-2,500 B.P., populations continued to practice residential mobility and to harvest seasonally available resources, including spawning fish. The Woodland period begins around 2,500 B.P. and exchange and interaction Page 52 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 47 networks broaden at this time (Spence et al., 1990, pp. 136, 138) and by approximately 2,000 B.P., evidence exists for small community camps, focusing on the seasonal harvesting of resources (Spence et al., 1990, pp. 155, 164). By 1,500 B.P. there is macro botanical evidence for maize in southern Ontario, and it is ƷŷƚǒŭŷƷ ƷŷğƷ ƒğźǩĻ ƚƓƌǤ ƭǒƦƦƌĻƒĻƓƷĻķ ƦĻƚƦƌĻ͸ƭ ķźĻƷ͵ ŷĻƩĻ źƭ ĻğƩƌźĻƩ ƦŷǤƷƚƌźƷŷźĭ evidence for maize in central New York StğƷĻ ĬǤ ЋͲЌЉЉ .͵t͵ Α źƷ źƭ ƌźƉĻƌǤ ƷŷğƷ ƚƓĭĻ similar analyses are conducted on Ontario ceramic vessels of the same period, the same evidence will be found (Birch & WilliğƒƭƚƓͲ ЋЉЊЌͲ ƦƦ͵ ЊЌΑЊЎΜ͵ !ƭ źƭ ĻǝźķĻƓƷ in detailed Anishinaabek ethnographies, winter was a period during which some families would depart from the larger group as it was easier to sustain smaller populations (Rogers, 1962). It is generally understood that these populations were Algonquian-speakers during these millennia of settlement and land use. From the beginning of the Late Woodland period at approximately 1,000 B.P., lifeways became more similar to that described in early historical documents. Between approximately 1000-1300 Common Era (C.E.), larger settlement sites focused on horticulture begin to dominate the archaeological record. Seasonal dispersal of the community for the exploitation of a wider territory and more varied resource base was still practised (Williamson, 1990, p. 317). By 1300-1450 C.E., archaeological research focusing on these horticultural societies note that this episodic community dispersal was no longer practised and these populations now occupied sites throughout the year (Dodd et al., 1990, p. 343). By the mid- sixteenth century these small villages had coalesced into larger communities (Birch et al., 2021). Through this process, the socio-political organization of these First Nations, as described historically by the French and English explorers who first visited southern Ontario, was developed. Other First Nation communities continued to practice residential mobility and to harvest available resources across landscapes they returned to seasonally/annually. By 1600 C.E., the Confederation of Nations were encountered by the first European explorers and missionaries in Simcoe County. Samuel de Champlain in 1615 reported that a group of Iroquoian-speaking people situated between the Haudenosaunee and the Wendat were at peacĻ ğƓķ ƩĻƒğźƓĻķ ͻƌğ ƓğƷźƚƓ ƓĻǒƷƩĻͼ͵ Page 53 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 48 Like the Wendat, Petun, and Haudenosaunee, the Neutral or Attawandaron people were settled village agriculturalists. By the 1640s, devastating epidemics and the traditional enmity between the Haudenosaunee and the Attawandaron and the Wendat (and their Algonquian allies such as the Nippissing and Odawa) led to their dispersal from southern Ontario. Shortly afterwards, the Haudenosaunee established a series of settlements at strategic locations along the trade routes inland from the north shore of Lake Ontario. Peace was achieved between the Haudenosaunee and the Anishinaabe Nations in August of 1701 when representatives of more than twenty Anishinaabe Nations assembled in Montreal to participate in peace negotiations. Peace was confirmed again at council held at Lake Superior when the Haudenosaunee delivered a wampum belt to the Anishinaabe Nations. This agreement between the Haudenosaunee and Anishinaabe nations is referred to as the Dish with One Spoon. In 1763, following the fall of Quebec, New France was transferred to British control at the Treaty of Paris. The British government began to pursue major land purchases to the north of Lake Ontario in the early nineteenth century. The Crown acknowledged the Mississaugas of the Credit as the owners of the lands between Georgian Bay and Lake Simcoe and entered into negotiations for additional tracts of land as the need arose to facilitate European settlement. In 1701 the Haudenosaunee entered into the Treaty of Fort Albany (Nanfan) with the British Crown where they agreed to place their beaver hunting grounds under the protection of the King of Britain and to reject the French from building forts on their lands, which included most of southcentral and southwestern Ontario. In the following years, the Haudenosaunee called upon the King to honour this ƩĻğƷǤ ğƓķ ͻƷĻğƩ ķƚǞƓͼ ƷŷĻ CƩĻƓĭŷ ŅƚƩƷƭ at Detroit, Niagara and Fort Frontenac (Kingston) from their Beaver Hunting Grounds. The King did honour the terms of ƷŷĻ ЊАЉЊ ƩĻğƷǤ͵ ƚ ĭƚƓŅźƩƒ ƷŷĻ YźƓŭƭ͸ commitment to the Five Nations and to allow their forts in the Five Nations lands as protection against the French an affirming agreement was entered into on September 14, 1726. Page 54 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 49 The protection of the Five Nations interests throughout their Beaver Hunting Grounds was again affirmed in Article 15 of the Treaty of Utrecht, signed in 1713 between the British and the French, wherein the Five Nations specifically would not be interfered with between (Lakes) Ontario, Erie and Huron (Six Nations of the Grand River, 2020). The Dundee Secondary Plan is within the Between the Lakes Purchase (Treaty 3) and Haldimand Grant (Treaty 4) territory. Following the American Revolutionary War, the British Crown needed to find lands on which to settle United Empire Loyalists, including approximately 2,000 members of the Six Nations confederacy who had fought alongside British troops. Due to their service to the Crown during this war and the dispossession of Indigenous lands in New York State by American forces, the English Colonial government offered to protect Six Nations peoples and give them land within the boundaries of English territory in Upper Canada. On August 8, 1783, Lord North instructed the Governor of Quebec, Sir Frederick Haldimand, to set apart land for the Six Nations people and ensure that they carried on their hunting and fur trading with the British. The Crown initially planned to provide lands for Loyalist settlers in Quebec and southeastern Ontario, including providing land in the Bay of Quinte region for Six Nations peoples. This was not suitable for many of the members of Six Nations and a contingent of approximately 1,800 community members, led by Chief Joseph Brant, requested land north of Lake Erie along the Grand River. Brant felt that the location in the Bay of Quinte was too isolated and that his followers could be better served by being closer to the Six Nations communities that chose to remain in the United States in western New York (Surtees, 1984). Recognizing that under the terms of the Royal Proclamation the land needed to be purchased prior to settlement, Colonel John Butler was sent to negotiate with the Mississaugas of the Credit for lands east of Lake Ontario and north of Lake Erie. On May 22, 1784, the Mississaugas of the Credit agreed to cede approximately 3,000,000 acres of land containing all or part of what are now Brant, Elgin, Middlesex, Oxford, and Wellington Counties as well as the Regions of Haldimand-Norfolk, Halton, Hamilton-Wentworth, Niagara, and Waterloo. In Page 55 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 50 exchange for these lands, the Mississaugas received £1180.74 worth of trade goods (Government of Canada, 2016; Surtees, 1984). Of the 3,000,000 acres, approximately 650,000 acres were set aside for the settlement of Six Nations people. On October 25, 1784, Haldimand signed a proclamation that allotted land six miles (10 kilometres) on either side of the Grand River from its mouth at Lake Erie to its headwaters near Dundalk, Ontario. This land was to be used solely by the people of Six Nations, who were also granted the right to sell or lease the land within this territory providing the Crown was first offered to purchase the land (Filice, 2018; Surtees, 1984). Under the terms of the Haldimand Proclamation, Six bğƷźƚƓƭ ƦĻƚƦƌĻ ǞĻƩĻ ğǒƷŷƚƩźǩĻķ Ʒƚ ͻ{ĻƷƷƌĻ ǒƦƚƓ ƷŷĻ .ğƓƉƭ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ wźǝĻƩͼ ğƓķ ǞĻƩĻ ğƌƌƚƷƷĻķ ͻŅƚƩ ƷŷğƷ tǒƩƦƚƭĻ ƭźx miles \[10 kilometres\] deep from each Side of \[its\] beginning at Lake Erie, & extending in the tƩƚƦƚƩƷźƚƓ Ʒƚ ΝźƷƭΞ IĻğķͼ ΛCźƌźĭĻͲ ЋЉЊЏͳ Johnston, 1964). Due to uncertainties with the description of the lands in the original surrender, Treaty 3 was renegotiated on December 7, 1792, to clarify what was ceded. This largely revolved around the northern boundary of the Treaty area and in particular the area set aside for Six Nations settlement along the Haldimand Tract. The signees of the treaty on the side of the British included Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe, John Butler, Robert Kerr, Peter Russell, John McGill, and Davie William Smith. The signees of the Treaty on the side of the Mississauga included Chiefs Wabakyne, Wabanip, Kautabus, Wabaniship, and Mottotow (Government of Canada, 2016; Surtees, 1984). As part of the 1792 renegotiation of Treaty 3, the Crown also redefined the boundaries of the Haldimand Tract. Upon review of the Haldimand Proclamation, politician and Indian Department official Sir John Johnson noted an error involving the location of the northern boundary of the tract. Haldimand had mistakenly assumed in 1784 that the headwaters of the Grand River resided within the area negotiated under Treaty 3. However, the northern reach of the Haldimand Tract was within lands that were not negotiated until 1818 under Treaties 18 and 19 (Filice, 2016; Government of Canada, 2016; Surtees, 1984). In order to clarify the Page 56 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 51 boundaries of the tract, the Crown appointed surveyor Augustus Jones to complete a survey of the Haldimand Tract in 1791. In so doing, Jones redefined ƷŷĻ ĬƚƩķĻƩƭ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ {źǣ bğƷźƚƓƭ͸ ƌğƓķ ƦğƩĭĻƌ͵ ŷźƭ źƓĭƌǒķĻķ ķĻŅźƓźƓŭ ƷŷĻ ƓƚƩƷŷĻƩƓ limit of the Haldimand Tract as Jones Baseline near the Town of Fergus in the Township of Centre Wellington. In addition, Jones established straight-lined boundaries, rather than sinuous boundaries following every curve in the river, Ǟŷźĭŷ ĭğƓ ƭƷźƌƌ ĬĻ ƭĻĻƓ źƓ ƷƚķğǤ͸ƭ ƒǒƓźcipal boundaries. Six Nations and Joseph Brant were not in agreement with this new definition and petitioned the government for control over the tract. This eventually led to the 1793 Simcoe Patent which defined the rules of land ownership and leasing within the revised 30,000 acres of land provided to Six Nations. This 1793 patent did not address those lands northeast of the Jones Baseline and continues to be a source of dispute between Six Nations and the Crown. The difference between the original land grant of the Haldimand Proclamation and the Simcoe Patent was significant. Not only did the new territory remove the upper 275,000 acres of the tract north of WƚƓĻƭ .ğƭĻƌźƓĻͲ WƚƓĻƭ͸ ƩĻķĻŅźƓźƷźƚƓ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ boundaries along the portions of the Haldimand Tract within the Treaty 3 lands did not consistently provide six miles on either side of the Grand River. Six Nations of the Grand River contend that they were not involved in the renegotiation of this land and therefore the redefined territory is not consistent with the terms of the original land grant. In particular, it is the view of Six Nations of the Grand River that it was the responsibility of the Crown to provide the land that was agreed to in the Haldimand Proclamation (Six Nations of the Grand River, 2020). Following the establishment of the Haldimand Tract, Six Nations of the Grand River began to negotiate leases within the Haldimand Tract as a means of generating income for the community. These transactions were made under the understanding that this would provide a continuous revenue stream for the Confederacy and that these represented long term leases rather than formal land sales (Six Nations of the Grand River, 2020). The Crown was responsible for administering these funds which Six Nations of the Grand River argue they never received. Many of the leases were confirmed by the Crown in 1834-5, although Page 57 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 52 unauthorized sales and squatting by settlers remained a significant issue (Johnston, 1964; Lytwyn, 2005). In 1841, the Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Samuel P. Jarvis, informed the Six Nations of the Grand River that the only way to keep white intruders off their land would be for the Crown to manage these lands on behalf of the Nation, to be administered for their sole benefit. Under this plan, the Six Nations of the Grand River would retain lands that they actually occupied and a reserve of approximately 20,000 acres near the present-day city of Brantford. This transfer of land to the Crown was made by the Six Nations in January 1841 (Johnston, 1964; Lytwyn, 2005). This history and those surrenders are still contested by the Confederacy and there are numerous specific land claims that have been filed by the Six Nations of the Grand River with the federal government in regard to lands within the Haldimand Tract. 3.2 Township of Waterloo The first Europeans to arrive in the area were transient merchants and traders from France and England, who followed existing transit routes established by Indigenous peoples and set up trading posts at strategic locations along the well- traveled river routes. All of these occupations occurred at sites that afforded both natural landfalls and convenient access, by means of the various waterways and overland trails, into the hinterlands. Early transportation routes followed existing Indigenous trails, both along the shorelines of major lakes and adjacent to various creeks and rivers (ASI 2006). Early European settlements occupied similar locations as Indigenous settlements as they were generally accessible by trail or water routes, and would have been in locations with good soil and suitable topography to ensure adequate drainage. Throughout the period of initial European settlement, Indigenous groups continued to inhabit Southern Ontario, and continued to fish, gather, and hunt within their traditional and treaty territories, albeit often with legal and informal restrictions imposed by colonial authorities and settlers. In many cases, Indigenous peoples acted as guides and teachers, passing on their traditional Page 58 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 53 knowledge to Euro-Canadian settlers, allowing them to sustain themselves in their new homes. Indigenous peoples entered into economic arrangements and partnerships, and often inter-married with settlers. However, pervasive and systemic oppression and marginalization of Indigenous peoples also characterized Euro-Canadian colonization, with thousands being displaced from their lands, denied access to traditional and treaty hunting, fishing, and collecting grounds, and forced to assimilate with Euro-Canadian culture through mandatory attendance at Day and Residential Schools (Ray, 2005; Rogers & Smith, 1994). The historic Township of Waterloo was originally known as Block Two of the Grand River land grant which was deeded to the Six Nations Iroquois by the British in 1784 for their loyalty to the Crown in the American War of Independence. In 1796, Block Two, a 38,045 hectare tract, was acquired by Richard Beasley from Joseph Brant on behalf of the Six Nations. He subdivided and sold the land, with an approximately 24,281 hectare tract of land going to the German Company of Pennsylvania, in November 1803 (Janusas, 1988). Company members included Samuel and John Bricker; and Daniel, Jacob, and John Erb. The German Company of Pennsylvania had the lands surveyed by Augustus Jones to subdivide the land into 128 farm lots of approximately 181 hectares each and 32 farm lots of approximately 34 hectares each (Janusas, 1988). When Block Two was incorporated into the District of Gore (County of Halton) in 1816, it was named Waterloo Township, in honour of the battle that ended the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. It remained part of Halton County in the District of Gore until 1842 and then part of the District of Wellington. The County of Waterloo did not come into being until 1852 (Janusas, 1988). The first immigrants to settle in Waterloo Township were almost exclusively German Mennonites from Pennsylvania, who had originally emigrated from Switzerland, Germany, and France. Most of these settlers were farmers but many were tradesmen and millers. Later settlers were generally of Scottish, English, Irish, and continental German heritage, many of them farmers, but a majority of them were artisans and tradesmen. When the railway was laid through Waterloo Page 59 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 54 Township in the mid-nineteenth century, it became the leading industrial center of Waterloo County (Janusas, 1988). Abraham Erb purchased approximately 181 hectares of land in 1805 and became the first settler in the City of Waterloo. He transferred a portion of his land and ownership of two mills to Jacob SnźķĻƩ źƓ ЊБЋВ͵ {ƓźķĻƩ͸ƭ ƭƚƓ źƓŷĻƩźƷĻķ approximately 129 hectares which he sold to John Hoffman and Isaac Weber, who sectioned and sold the lands in 1854, at which point the population of Waterloo began to expand (Janusas, 1988). In the mid-1850s, the defining development of Waterloo Township and Waterloo County was the construction of the railway. The first railway line built into the township was a main line of the Grand Trunk Railway from Toronto, laid through in 1856. A number of other railway lines were soon laid across the township including: the Grand Trunk branch between Preston and Berlin (Kitchener) in 1857; a Great Western line from Galt, Preston, and Guelph in 1857; a Grand Trunk branch between Berlin and Galt in 1882; and a Grand Trunk Branch between Waterloo and Elmira in 1891. 3.3 Plains Road Development Following a diagonal alignment, Plains Road is a pioneer road that facilitated access between the small rural hamlets of New Aberdeen and Strasburg in the northeast with New Dundee and Roseville in the southwest. The road does not reflect the typical straight lines of concession roads laid out following a survey in early-nineteenth century Ontario. Rather, according to the Kitchener Cultural IĻƩźƷğŭĻ \[ğƓķƭĭğƦĻ ƩĻƦƚƩƷͲ źƷ Ǟğƭ ͻƦğƩƷ ƚŅ an irregular network of roads that were typically built after settlers had begun to clear their lots, and the need for roads linking villages, settlements, farms, markeƷƭ ğƓķ ƒźƌƌƭ ŅƚƌƌƚǞĻķͼ Λ/źƷǤ ƚŅ YźƷĭŷĻƓĻƩͲ 2014). Built as part of this initial stage of settlement activity in Waterloo Township, Plains Road is nearly 200 years old. It dates to at leğƭƷ ЊБЋБ Α ƷŷĻ ƭğƒĻ ǤĻğƩ ƷŷğƷ ƷŷĻ IǒƩƚƓ wƚğķ Ǟğƭ ƚƦĻƓĻķ ĬǤ ƷŷĻ /ğƓğķğ /ƚƒƦğƓǤ Λ5ǒŅŅͲ ЊВЋБΜ Α ğƓķ appears on maps as early as 1835. At that time, and until at least the 2010s, Plains Page 60 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 55 Road extended from what is now Trussler Road in the southwest to an intersection with Huron Road in the northeast. Most of Plains Road between Trussler and Fischer-Hallman Roads has historically been bound by agricultural fields. A shorter stretch of Plains Road, between Fischer-Hallman and Huron roads, was historically bound by farms as well, though the Plains School has been extant on the north side of the road, immediately east of Fischer-Hallman Road, since 1842. Along this stretch of road close to the school, it is known that a row of spruce trees was planted in 1909 (Bloomfield & Foster, 1995). In the 1930s, Plains Road west of Fischer-Hallman Road was a narrow gravel road while east of Fischer-Hallman Road was not yet gravel. The whole stretch of road was likely gravel by the 1950s and fully paved by the 1980s, with the latter likely following in the wake of By-Law 78-46, which approved the widening of Plains Road in 1978 (O.L.R.A., n.d.a). Between Trussler and Fischer-Hallman roads, agricultural fields continue to line the road much as they have done for the past 200 years. Besides the school (converted to a residence in the 1960s), a short stretch of the southeast side of Plains Road east of Fischer-Hallman Road has been lined with rural-residential properties since the 1990s. Plains Road north of Broadacre Drive to Huron Road was removed around 2018 and the road now terminates at a newly-created intersection with Broadacre Drive in a new residential subdivision. 3.4 Reidel Drive Development Extending between Stauffer Drive in the north to New Dundee Road in the south, the 1.2-kilometre stretch of Reidel Drive follows a straight alignment between \[ƚƷƭ Ѝ ğƓķ Ў ƚŅ .ĻğƭƌĻǤ͸ƭ bĻǞ {ǒƩǝĻǤ͵ Reidel Drive appears to have opened between the 1830s and 1850s, perhaps coinciding with the arrival of James Goodfellow on Lot 5 in 1854, as a road would have facilitated his access to nearby ĭƚƒƒǒƓźƷźĻƭ͵ DƚƚķŅĻƌƌƚǞ͸ƭ ƩĻƭźķĻƓĭĻͲ ƌƚĭated at 271 Reidel Drive, appears to have been the only house on the road between New Dundee Road and Stauffer Page 61 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 56 1 Drive from the mid-nineteenth century until the twenty-first century. Historical maps from 1861 and 1881 (Figure 18 and Figure 19) depict Reidel Drive as part of a longer set of interconnected roads stretching north to the village of New Aberdeen and south to what is now known as Roseville Road in North Dumfries Township. Another road, perhaps a precursor to Stauffer Drive, extends northwest from Reidel Drive to the former villages of Oregon and Doon. The north-south road extensions of Reidel Drive continued through the twentieth century; however, the road northwest from Reidel Drive to Doon was replaced by a straight east-west road, Stauffer Drive, between 1908 and 1916 (Canadian Map Publishing Company, 1908; Department of Militia and Defence, 1916). Throughout the remainder of the twentieth century, Reidel Drive remained in a rural-agricultural landscape, flanked on either side by agricultural fields and wooded areas. In the early twentieth century Reidel Drive would have been constructed as a narrow gravel road that was less than two lanes and, at some point between 1975 and 1994, was converted to a hard surface road with a tar and chip surface treatment (Figure 23 and Figure 24). 3.5 Stauffer Drive Development Extending between just west of Reidel Drive in the west and Tilt Drive in the east, Stauffer Drive is a public road and follows a straight alignment. Further west of Reidel Drive, Stauffer Drive becomes a laneway which has a meandering alignment and then straightens to an east-west alignment. The road is located ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ \[ƚƷƭ Ћ Ʒƚ Џ ƚŅ .ĻğƭƌĻǤ͸ƭ bĻǞ {ǒƩǝĻǤ ğƓķ \[ƚƷƭ ЎͲ БͲ ВͲ ğƓķ ЊЍ ƚŅ .źĻŷƓ͸ƭ Tract. Although straight today, the road is a replacement for what had formerly been a northeast/southwest oriented road extending between Reidel Drive and the village of Oregon, just west of Doon. Given that this area of Waterloo Township was not developed by 1831, it is probable that that roadway was not opened at this time (City of Kitchener, 2014). However, it appears to have opened by the mid-nineteenth century, as historical maps from 1861 and 1881 (Figure 18 and Figure 19) depict a road as part of a longer set of interconnected roads 1 The residence was lost to a fire in 2023. Page 62 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 57 stretching between Reidel Road and Oregon. That road was replaced by a straight east-west road, Stauffer Drive, between 1908 and 1916 (Canadian Map Publishing Company, 1908; Department of Militia and Defence, 1916). Throughout the remainder of the twentieth century, Stauffer Drive remained in a rural- agricultural landscape, flanked on either side by agricultural fields and wooded areas. The road had a gravel surface until it was converted to a hard surface road with a tar and chip surface treatment at some point between 1975 and 1994 (Figure 23 and Figure 24). Stauffer Drive has been closed to vehicular uses east of Caryndale Drive since at least 2014, and now forms part of a pedestrian trail between wooded areas and residential subdivisions (City of Kitchener, 2014). The private portion of the road does not appear on any mapping. 3.6 Dundee Secondary Plan Study Area Historical Mapping Review The 1861 Map of the County of Waterloo (Tremaine, 1861) and the 1881 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Waterloo (Parsell & Co., 1881) were examined to determine the presence of historical features within the study area during the nineteenth century (Figure 18 and Figure 19). Historically, the study area is located on Lots 5 to 8 of BeasƌĻǤ͸ƭ bĻǞ {ǒƩǝĻǤ ğƓķ \[ƚƷƭ ВͲ ЊЍͲ ğƓķ ЊЎ ƚŅ .źĻŷƓ͸ƭ ƩğĭƷ źƓ ğƷĻƩƌƚƚ ƚǞƓship, County of Waterloo. It should be noted, however, that not all features of interest were mapped systematically in the Ontario series of historical atlases. For instance, they were often financed by subscription limiting the level of detail provided on the maps. Moreover, not every feature of interest would have been within the scope of the atlases. The use of historical map sources to reconstruct or predict the location of former features within the modern landscape generally begins by using common reference points between the various sources. The historical maps are geo- referenced to provide the most accurate determination of the location of any property on a modern map. The results of this exercise can often be imprecise or even contradictory, as there are numerous potential sources of error inherent in Page 63 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 58 such a process, including differences of scale and resolution, and distortions introduced by reproduction of the sources. The 1861 Tremaine map (Figure 18) depicts the study area within a settled rural- agricultural area in the Beasley New Survey, located in the southwest corner of Waterloo Township. The lots vary in size and shape, suggesting that this agricultural countryside had undergone several land sales since the original survey and land grants. All lots within the study area are owned, and several of them have structures built thereon, including houses at what are now 271 Reidel Drive, 1878 New Dundee Road, and 500 Stauffer Drive, as well as an earlier iteration of the school at what is now 1970 Plains Road. The farmhouses are generally located adjacent to the main roadways, including what is now New Dundee Road in the south, Fischer-Hallman Road in the west, and Reidel Drive in the east. The northern extension of Reidel Drive, to the west of the property at what is now 500 Stauffer Drive, is the only roadway within the study area at this time, while New Dundee Road, Fischer-Hallman Road, and Reidel Drive act as the boundaries of the study area. While not connected in a straight line, Reidel Drive did connect what is now Roseville Road in the south with the community of New Aberdeen in the north. School House No. 3 (Plains School at 1970 Plains Road) was located in the northwest corner of the study area, on the north side of Plains Road. The 1881 Historical Atlas (Figure 19) depicts the study area, including the road network around its east, south, and west sides, in much the same way as in the 1861 map. However, on the whole, there are fewer details portrayed. While no structures, including houses, are shown within the study area, it is clear from prior mapping that houses were extant at this time. Furthermore, the only apparent reason for the school along Plains Road not being depicted within the study area is that there was not enough space for the drawing of a school in the ƓƚƩƷŷǞĻƭƷ ĭƚƩƓĻƩ ƚŅ \[ƚƷ Б ƚŅ .ĻğƭƌĻǤ͸s New Survey. The southern half and ƓƚƩƷŷǞĻƭƷ ĭƚƩƓĻƩ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ƭƷǒķǤ ğƩĻğ ğƩĻ ǞźƷŷźƓ .ĻğƭƌĻǤ͸ƭ bĻǞ {ǒƩǝĻǤ ǞŷźƌĻ ƒƚƭƷ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ƓƚƩƷŷĻƩƓ ŷğƌŅ źƭ ǞźƷŷźƓ .źĻŷƓ͸ƭ ƩğĭƷ͵ ŷĻ ķźǝźƭźƚƓ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ .ĻğƭƌĻǤ͸ƭ bĻǞ {ǒƩǝĻǤ ğƓķ .źĻŷƓ͸ƭ ƩğĭƷ ğƩĻ źƓķźĭğƷĻķ ĬǤ ķźğŭƚƓğƌƌǤ ķğƭŷĻķ ƌźƓĻƭ͵ Page 64 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 59 Former alignment of Stauffer Drive Current alignment of Stauffer Drive is not depicted on the map Figure 18: The location of the study area and identified heritage resources overlaid on the 1861 Map of the County of Waterloo (Tremaine, 1861). Page 65 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 60 Former alignment of Stauffer Drive Current alignment of Stauffer Drive is not depicted on the map Figure 19: The location of the study area and identified heritage resources overlaid on the 1881 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Waterloo (Parsell & Co., 1881). Page 66 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 61 In addition to nineteenth-century mapping, historical topographic mapping and aerial photographs from the twentieth century were examined. This report presents maps and aerial photographs from 1916, 1936, 1954, 1975/1976, and 1998 (Figure 20 to Figure 24). The 1916 and 1936 topographic maps (Figure 20 and Figure 21) depict the study area within a rural-agricultural context, with rolling topography and pockets of forested areas. Farmhouses, including those made of wood (black squares) and those made of brick or stone (red squares) are located close to the principal roads. Note that 271 Reidel Drive features a wood structure and 1878 New Dundee Road features a stone structure, and a brick schoolhouse (1970 Plains Road) is located in the northwest corner of the study area. A bridge carrying Reidel Road is shown crossing an unnamed watercourse (now known as Blair Creek) on the east side of the study area. The 1954 aerial photograph (Figure 22) continues to depict the study area in a rural-agricultural context. Agricultural fields are clearly demarcated, with many fields separated by treelined hedgerows. Densely wooded areas are located in places. Farmhouses are located close to the main thoroughfares, all of which appear to be gravel. The row of spruce trees that were planted in 1909 along Plains Road near the school, discussed above, are depicted. The 1975/1976 and 1998 topographic maps (Figure 23 and Figure 24) depict several farmhouses, many of which have barns or outbuildings close to the residences. Densely wooded areas and tree lines are indicated by the green shading and green dotted lines. The rolling topography of the area is depicted with the topographic lines within the study area. A pond is shown near the northeast corner of the study area, and the Blair Creek and a small tributary are depicted at the north end of the property at 271 Reidel Drive. The west side of the northern boundary of the study area is a long driveway extending east from Plains Road to a farmhouse, which is depicted on both maps. Similarly, both maps depict a short western extension of Stauffer Road that does not appear on earlier mapping, and which may be a winding driveway culminating at a series of buildings in 1975 and in two buildings by 1998. Page 67 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 62 Figure 20: The location of the study area and identified heritage resources overlaid on a 1916 topographic map, Galt Sheet (Department of Militia and Defence, 1916). Page 68 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 63 Figure 21: The location of the study area and identified heritage resources overlaid on a 1936 topographic map, Galt Sheet (Department of National Defence, 1936). Page 69 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 64 Figure 22: The location of the study area and identified heritage resources overlaid on a 1954 aerial photograph (Hunting Survey Corporation Limited, 1954). Page 70 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 65 Figure 23: The location of the study area and identified heritage resources overlaid on a combined 1975/1976 topographic map, Kitchener-Breslau and Ayr Sheets (Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, 1975, 1976). Page 71 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 66 Figure 24: The location of the study area and identified heritage resources overlaid on a 1998 topographic map, Cambridge Sheet (Natural Resources Canada, 1998). Page 72 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 67 3.7 Land Use History The following provides a brief overview of the histories of the properties and the people who lived there, as available. It is based on a variety of primary and secondary source materials, including census data, abstract indexes, directories, genealogies, archival images, and community histories. 3.7.1 1878 New Dundee Road The crown patent for the subject property, located on the west half of Lot 6 of .ĻğƭƌĻǤ͸ƭ bĻǞ {ǒƩǝĻǤ źƓ ƷŷĻ ŅƚƩƒĻƩ ğƷĻrloo Township, was allotted to Richard 2 Beasley, James Wilson, and St. John B. Rousseau in 1798 (O.L.R.A., n.d.b). By 1805, the subject property belonged solely to Richard Beasley. In 1844, Beasley sold 100 acres on the west half of Lot 6 to British immigrants Jesse Penfold (1781- 1875) and his son James Penfold (1821-1847). They sold the property, listed as 100 acres, to John Walker in 1847 (O.L.R.A., n.d.b). John Walker (1789-1861) likely oversaw the construction of the stone house and a shed when they were erected on the property during his ownership between 1847 and 1861 (City of Kitchener, 1996; Mills, 1996). The 1861 census notes that he was the 72-year-old head of the household and a recent widow, with his wife Isabella dying within the previous year. He lived in a one-and-a-half storey stone house with two sons, Robert and Andrew, as well as one daughter, Agnes. The census also notes that he had 70 acres under cultivation (Library and Archives Canada, 1861). John Walker sold the property to his son Andrew Walker in April 1861 (O.L.R.A., n.d.b). Andrew Walker (circa 1836-1892) was born in Scotland. He married Jane Goodfellow in March 1863, and continued to reside on the property for decades thereafter, where he was a farmer (Evans, 1884; Irwin and Burnham, 1867; Library and Archives Canada, 1881). The Tax Assessments for the property between 1862 to 1877 note a slow but steady increase in the productivity of the farm (Township of Waterloo, 1862, 1877). Of particular note, the 1877 2 This was part of an enormous property, part of Block No. 2 on the Grand River, which was listed as 94,012 acres. All properties within the study area were within Block No. 2. Page 73 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 68 !ƭƭĻƭƭƒĻƓƷ wƚƌƌ ƓƚƷĻƭ ƷŷğƷ ŷĻ ŷğķ БЉ ͻźƒƦƩƚǝĻķͼ ğĭƩĻƭ ƚƓ ŷźƭ ЊЉЉΏğĭƩĻ ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷǤͲ as well as four cows, 16 sheep, and six horses (Township of Waterloo, 1877). Andrew Walker died 28 October 1892, having reached the status of Gentleman (Waterloo Township, 1892). Between the 1890s and the early 1960s, various members of the Veitch family owned and resided on the subject property. The 1901 census notes that Robert Veitch was a farmer of Scottish background residing on the 100-acre property with his wife and three children. Besides the stone house, there were three barns or outbuildings at this time (Library and Archives Canada, 1901). Robert Veitch continued to own and farm on the property for two more decades (Library and Archives Canada, 1911, 1921). The property probably came under the ownership of his son James Clare Veitch in the 1930s, and he continued to reside there with his family until 1964, when he and his wife sold the property to John and Anna Bayer (O.L.R.A., n.d.b). The Bayers were Yugoslavian immigrants who emigrated to Canada in 1950. They operated a chicken and hog farm on the property, which was officially registered as Bayer Farms Limited (O.L.R.A., n.d.b; Waterloo Region Record, 2009a, 2009b). In 1972, the property was purchased by Dennis and Mary Lang and they remained the owners until at least 1996 (Mills, 1996; O.L.R.A., n.d.b, n.d.a). That year, a staff member from the Kitchener Local Architectural Conservation Advisory Committee (L.A.C.A.C.) reported that the property was 4.76 acres (Mills, 1996); it is unknown when the property was reduced to that size from its previous 100 acres. Furthermore, according to a handwritten notation on the 1996 L.A.C.A.C. form, an addition was built in 2004 (Mills, 1996). Based on a review of aerial imagery from 2000 to 2006, this addition was located on the western side of the residence. During that same time period, a rear wing, which had been located on the north side of the residence, was demolished. 3.7.2 1970 Plains Road The crown patent for the subject property, located on the northwest corner of Lot Б ƚŅ .ĻğƭƌĻǤ͸ƭ bĻǞ {ǒƩǝĻǤ źƓ ƷŷĻ ŅƚƩƒer Waterloo Township, was allotted to Richard Beasley, James Wilson, and St. John B. Rousseau in 1798 (O.L.R.A., n.d.b). By 1805, the subject property belonged solely to Richard Beasley. In 1841, Beasley Page 74 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 69 sold 100 acres of Lot 8 to Robert Buchan. Historian Elizabeth Bloomfield suggests that a log school was operational at the northwest corner of Lot 8 by 1842, though land registry records note that Buchan only sold that property to the Commissioners of C\[ommon\] Schools in 1843 (Bloomfield & Foster, 1995; O.L.R.A., n.d.b). The original school on the property waƭ ƩĻƦƌğĭĻķ ĬǤ ƷŷĻ ƭǒĬƆĻĭƷ ĬǒźƌķźƓŭ Α officially known as School Section No. 3, but more commonly known as the Plains {ĭŷƚƚƌ IƚǒƭĻ Α źƓ ЊБАЋ͵ ŷĻ ƚƓĻΏƩƚƚƒ ĬƩźĭk school was built by Thomas Slee of Doon and featured separate entrances for boys and girls, two chimneys, and decorative quoining. It was surrounded by a small playing area (City of Kitchener, 2010). A belfry was added circa 1890 but was removed at an unknown date (Figure 25). Figure 25: Miss Jennie Brydon with her pupils at Plains School House, September 1907 (Bloomfield, 1995a). Various developments occurred on the structure and its surroundings over the following decades. Among the changes were the planting of a row of spruce trees parallel to Plains Road in 1909; more land was acquired for the property in 1923 (O.L.R.A., n.d.b); the addition of hydro in 1936; the establishment of a library in Page 75 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 70 1937; an unknown addition in 1954; and the replacement of the separate entrances with a central door and porch in 1957. The school closed in 1966 (Bloomfield & Foster, 1995). Besides its role as a site for education over nearly ЊЉЉ ǤĻğƩƭͲ ƷŷĻ ƭĭŷƚƚƌ Ǟğƭ ğƌƭƚ ͻǒƭĻķ ğƭ community centre, and for a Sunday School, weekly prayer meetings, a singźƓŭ ƭĭŷƚƚƌ ğƓķ ğ ķĻĬğƷźƓŭ ƭƚĭźĻƷǤͼ (Bloomfield & Foster, 1995). Following its closure, the building and property was purchased by brothers Roy and Willard Sallans (O.L.R.A., n.d.b). They operated a showroom and parts department for the Renault Implement Agency out of the former school. It was converted into a residence in 1968, with the municipal address of 362 Plains Road. Gordon and Margaret Lafferty were the first owners to use the property as a residence. When Margaret Lafferty was prepared to sell the residence in 1987, a ƓĻǞƭƦğƦĻƩ ķĻƭĭƩźƦƷźƚƓ ƓƚƷĻķ ƷŷğƷ ƷŷĻ ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷǤ Ǟğƭ ƌƚĭğƷĻķ ͻƚƓ ğ ĬĻğǒƷźŅǒƌͲ ƷƩĻĻķͲ Ћ͵Б ğĭƩĻ ƭźƷĻͼ ğƓķ ŷğķ ĬĻĻƓ ͻĭƚƒƦƌĻƷĻƌǤ ƩĻƓƚǝğƷĻķͼ͵ ŷĻƩĻ ǞĻƩĻ ƷŷƩĻĻ bedrooms, living room, den, sewing room, laundry room, and 2.5 baths, while an ͻƚǝĻƩƭźǩĻķ ķƚǒĬƌĻ ğƷƷğĭŷĻķ ŭğƩğŭĻͼ Ǟğs located behind the house (Waterloo Region Record, 1987). Wendy Maria Aucoin purchased the property in 1987 and she then sold it to Edward and Dennis Akkermans in 1989 (O.L.R.A., n.d.a). 3.7.3 271 Reidel Drive The crown patent for the subject propertǤͲ ƌƚĭğƷĻķ ƚƓ \[ƚƷ Ў ƚŅ .ĻğƭƌĻǤ͸ƭ bĻǞ Survey, was allotted to Richard Beasley, James Wilson, and St. John B. Rousseau in 1798 (O.L.R.A., n.d.b). By 1805, the subject property belonged solely to Richard Beasley, though he sold the property to Samuel Street in 1822. At some point thereafter, it was purchased by someone with the surname Thomson. The property was likely unoccupied until Thomson sold it to James Goodfellow in 1854 (O.L.R.A., n.d.b). Goodfellow is identified as the original owner of the one-and-a- half storey Gothic Revival residence that stood on the property from circa 1860 until destroyed by a fire in 2023/2024 (City of Kitchener, 2008). The 1861 census identifies James Goodfellow (1823-1911) as a 39-year-old farmer of Scottish background married to 35-year-old Euphemia (1826-1903). They lived Page 76 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 71 in a single-storey log residence with seven children (Library and Archives Canada, 1861). Goodfellow secured a 100-pound mortgage in July 1861, plausibly to assist in the erection of the Gothic Revival house (O.L.R.A., n.d.b). The 1871 census continues to identify Goodfellow as the owner and occupant of the subject property, and now with nine children. According to Schedules 3 to 7 of the census, Goodfellow was a successful farmer at this time. He owned 204 acres, a house, a barn or stable, and several farm implements, including ploughs or cultivators, a reaper or mower, a horse rake, a threshing machine, and a fanning mill. The farm included significant amounts of crops which yielded a wide variety of wheat and vegetables, and a large pasture accommodated horses, cows, sheep, and pigs (Library and Archives Canada, 1871). James Goodfellow sold the property to John Wismer in 1879 (O.L.R.A., n.d.b). Wismer, a Mennonite farmer of German background, was still residing on the property in 1887 (Union Publishing Company, 1887). The 1891 census notes that he was residing in a one-and-a-half storey stone house, which may be referring to the fieldhouse that had been located immediately behind the Gothic Revival house; the entry immediately before Wismer is for George Dalglish, and his wife and child, who resided in a one-and-a-half storey wood residence, which they may have rented from the Wismers (Library and Archives Canada, 1891). John Wismer sold the property to his son Isaiah Wismer in 1895 (O.L.R.A., n.d.b). It appears, however, that both resided on the same property in two separate houses based on the 1901 census, which identifies Isaiah Wismer as residing in a house with his wife and family on 200 acres, and with two barns or outbuildings; the next entry was for John Wismer, who was residing in a separate house on four acres (Library and Archives Canada, 1901). Wismer sold the property to Erwin C. Weber in 1921 (O.L.R.A., n.d.b). Weber sold the property to Grambian Construction and Investments Inc. in 1984, though it changed its name to Gramtrust Holdings Corporation in 1992 (O.L.R.A., n.d.a). That company likely rented out the house and surrounding farm from the 1980s onward. In 2023, while the residence was empty a fire destroyed the farmhouse Page 77 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 72 (Figure 26 and Figure 27). The residence and other structures on the property were then demolished sometime after. Figure 26: The residence and property at 271 Reidel Drive (©2023 Google). Figure 27: The residence and property after the fire (CTVNews, 2023). Page 78 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 73 4.0 Discussion of Physical and Design Value The following discusses the physical and design value of the subject properties and roads. 4.1 Plains Road The following discusses the physical and design value of the subject road segment. 4.1.1 Road Profile Plains Road within the Dundee Secondary Plan is approximately 190 metres in length and has a diagonal northeast-southwest alignment between Fischer- Hallman Road and Broadacre Drive. Along its entire length, the road has two lanes and a paved asphalt surface. The section of Plains Road within the Dundee Secondary Plan has a typical rural cross-section, and halfway along the section, a modern curb and gutter profile are introduced. Both the rural cross-section and the modern curb and gutter profile areas include sodded boulevards and/or ditches. The road does not include line markings and there do not appear to be any manhole structures or catch basins. Utility poles are located on the southeast side of the road allowance. Within the Dundee Secondary Plan, the southeast side of the road connects to two asphalt driveways, leading to the residences at 381 and 391 Plains Road, and two gravel driveways, one to a barn at the rear of 381 Plains Road, and the other following the northern boundary of the study area for approximately 700 metres, leading to 267 Plains Road. Plains Road intersects with Fischer-Hallman Road on a diagonal alignment, with a stop sign on Plains Road at the approach to Fischer-Hallman Road. At the northeastern end, Plains Road terminates in a cul-de-sac, with a stop sign at the approach to Broadacre Drive. The road traverses a mostly flat landscape with a slight rise and fall near the northern end of the road towards Broadacre Drive. Page 79 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 74 Figure 28: The section of Plains Road within the Dundee Secondary Plan, looking northeast from Fischer-Hallman Road, with typical vegetation patterns of the roadway with grassed ditches and tree lines (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 29: The section of Plains Road within the Dundee Secondary Plan, looking southwest to Fischer-Hallman Road (A.S.I., 2025) Page 80 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 75 4.1.2 Vegetation The road segment contains a variety of vegetation typical of rural roadways (Figure 28). There are shallow ditches along the southeastern portion of the road towards its intersection with Fischer-Hallman Road and features the continuation of the grassed lawn of the properties. Typically, the grassed lawns of the properties along this portion of Plains Roğķ ğƩĻ ğķƆğĭĻƓƷ Ʒƚ ƷŷĻ Ʃƚğķ͸ƭ ƭŷƚǒƌķĻƩ͵ There are a variety of tree species located along the roadway, including Red Oak, Black Walnut, Colorado Spruce, Norway Spruce, White Spruce, Common Buckthorn, Riverbank Grape, and Bluegrass lawns. 4.1.3 Alteration History and Heritage Integrity The subject road was originally constructed as a narrow dirt road with a diagonal alignment, was entirely gravel by the 1950s and was fully paved and widened by the 1980s, based on historical mapping of the area and archival information. The progression of the road from dirt to gravel to asphalt, along with the widening are typical of rural roads in the City of Kitchener and the road was constructed using standard methods. While most of the alignment of the roadway has been maintained, its integrity as a roadway with potential significant rural-agricultural character has been lessened within the portion of Plains Road located within the limits of the Dundee Secondary Plan area. The rural residential properties along this portion of the roadway appear to date to the late-twentieth century, concrete curbs have been installed along the northern portion of the roadway (Figure 30), and a twenty-first century residential subdivision has been constructed immediately north of the northern limits of the Dundee Secondary Plan, which has resulted in the termination of Plains Road at the subdivision (Figure 31). Page 81 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 76 Figure 30: Transition from gravel shoulders to concrete curbs at the northern portion of Plains Road (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 31: Terminus of Plains Road at the north end, approaching Broadacre Drive (A.S.I., 2025). Page 82 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 77 4.2 Reidel Drive The following discusses the physical and design value of the subject road segment. 4.2.1 Road Profile Reidel Drive as identified in the City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscapes is approximately 1.2 kilometres in length from New Dundee Road and Stauffer Drive, which is its length within the Dundee Secondary Plan (City of Kitchener, 2014). The road segment follows a typical curb less rural cross-section, featuring two lanes for vehicular traffic, with drainage ditches on either side and is without lane markings. The surface treatment is tar and chip with narrow to non-existent gravel shoulders. Driveway access onto the road is granular at residential lots and either dirt or a small extension of the tar and chip for agricultural field access. Utility poles are situated along the east side of the road, switching to the west side just before the southern terminus, at the top of slope of the drainage ditches and within the vegetated verge. The vertical alignment of the road generally follows the surrounding topography although in some instances the adjacent landscape is significantly higher or lower than the road. Page 83 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 78 Figure 32: Reidel Drive, showing its two lanes of traffic and narrow gravel shoulders (A.S.I., 2025). 4.2.2 Vegetation The road segment contains a variety of vegetation typical of rural roadways. The eastern and western sides of the road have grassed ditches. The southern portion of the roadway is mostly lined with grasses. There are a variety of trees and shrubs sporadically along the southern portion of the road (Figure 33). As the road approaches the Blair Creek watercourse, the vegetation encloses the roadway (Figure 34). North of the creek the vegetation thins out again, though there are more trees than south of the watercourse (Figure 35). The vegetation along the sides of the road is comprised of herbaceous and woody plants. Some of the more mature trees have branches overarching the road proper. Vegetation includes Black Walnut, Box Elder, Staghorn Sumac, Riverbank Grape, Common Buckthorn, Red Pine, White Pine, and Poplar. Page 84 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 79 Figure 33: Looking north on Reidel Drive near the southern portion of the road, showing the sporadic nature of the trees and shrubs (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 34: Trees and vegetation in the distance enclosing on the roadway near the Blair Creek crossing (A.S.I., 2025). Page 85 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 80 Figure 35: North end of Reidel Drive looking south (A.S.I., 2025). 4.2.3 Alteration History and Heritage Integrity In the early twentieth century, the subject road was constructed as a narrow gravel road that was less than two lanes, which was common for rural road construction at the time. Between 1975 and 1994, the road was widened to two lanes and was converted to a hard surface road with a tar and chip surface treatment, based on historical mapping and site review of the area. Both the gravel road construction and later widening and surface treatment are typical of rural roads in the City of Kitchener and the road was constructed using standard methods. While the alignment of the roadway has been maintained, its integrity as a roadway with potential significant rural-agricultural character will be lessened with the introduction of the mixed-use community that is currently under construction on the east side of the roadway to the south of the Blair Creek watercourse. To the north of the Blair Creek watercourse, there have been no changes to the rural-agricultural character surrounding the road. Page 86 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 81 Figure 36: Mixed-use community under construction to the east of Reidel Drive (A.S.I., 2025). Page 87 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 82 4.3 Stauffer Drive The following discusses the physical and design value of the subject road segment. 4.3.1 Road Profile Within the Dundee Secondary Plan, Stauffer Drive is a public road for approximately 100 metres, extending from Reidel Drive west to 500 Stauffer Drive with a northeast-southwest alignment before it meanders as a laneway connecting to 1990 Fischer-Hallman Road/560 Stauffer Drive. The roadway is nestled between two rises in the landscape and itself slopes down, westward towards the headwaters of Blair Creek. The public road segment follows a typical curb less rural cross-section, featuring two narrow lanes for vehicular traffic and no shoulders on either side (Figure 37). The road does not include line markings, drainage ditches, manhole structures, or catch basins. It has a tar and chip surface with a vegetated verge on either side. Driveway access onto the road is granular at the residential lot. The utility poles are located on the south side of the road allowance. The laneway portion of Stauffer Drive appears to continue this road profile though the utility poles stop at the driveway for 500 Stauffer Drive. The trail portion to Tilt Drive is a narrow, gravel surface trail (Figure 38). Page 88 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 83 Figure 37: Stauffer Drive, showing its narrow two lanes and no shoulders (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 38: Trail portion of Stauffer Drive, looking east towards Tilt Drive (A.S.I., 2025). Page 89 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 84 4.3.2 Vegetation The road segment contains a variety of vegetation typical of rural roadways. The grassed lawn of 500 Stauffer Drive on the north side of Stauffer Drive extends to the roadway. Along other portions of the road there is grassed areas adjacent to the road and beyond the grassed area are either agricultural fields, or woodlot trees. The south side includes various herbaceous plants as well as woody stemmed Riverbank Grape, Staghorn Sumac and Common Buckthorn. The north side of the road allowance includes wood mulched planting beds with two large American Basswood and a mown lawn behind (Figure 39). There appears to be a variety of deciduous and coniferous trees also along the north side of the road; however, this occurs beyond the agricultural fields of 500 Stauffer Drive (Figure 40). Figure 39: Looking west of Stauffer Drive from Reidel Drive, showing the vegetation along the roadway (A.S.I., 2025). Page 90 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 85 Figure 40: Laneway portion of Stauffer Drive in the background showing the vegetation (A.S.I., 2025). 4.3.3 Alteration History and Heritage Integrity The subject road was originally constructed as a narrow gravel road, which was common for rural road construction in the nineteenth century. Between 1975 and 1994, the road was converted to a hard surface road with a tar and chip surface treatment, based on historical mapping and site review of the area. Both the gravel road construction and later surface treatment are typical of rural roads in the City of Kitchener and the road was constructed using standard methods. A portion of the road was converted to trail as part of a subdivision development in the 2010s. The historical alignment of the roadway has been maintained as has its integrity as a roadway with potential significant rural-agricultural character with the continuation of agricultural practices along its route and the maintenance of the area of natural heritage systems. Page 91 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 86 4.4 1878 New Dundee Road The following sections discuss the physical characteristics, architectural style and typology associated with the subject property. The property at 1878 New Dundee Road consists of a residence within a fieldstone farmhouse, with additions that vary in materiality, style, and date of construction. The site also includes an outbuilding, a silo, a long tree-lined driveway, a pond, and trees bordering the property. 4.4.1 Property Configuration and Landscape Characteristics The subject property is rectangular shaped, with the north-south lot depth significantly longer than the east-west lot frontage on New Dundee Road. The site has gently sloping terrain. A long tree-lined driveway provides access to the property from New Dundee Road and extends north past the house to the outbuilding (Figure 41 and Figure 42). A parking area for vehicles is located south of the residence. To the south of the parking area are gardens. An artificial pond is located to the north of the residence (Figure 43) and to the north of the pond is 3 the outbuilding with a fenced garden. To the northeast of the outbuilding are the remnants of a barn and silo which were previously in use on the site. Mature trees border both the east and west sides of the parcel, with agricultural fields beyond (Figure 44, Figure 45). More specifically the vegetation located on the property includes: Sugar Maple, between the pond and outbuilding; Black Walnut, at the rear of the outbuilding; Norway Spruce, which lines the driveway and is located along the agricultural fields; Silver Birch, behind the farmhouse; 3 A previous property evaluation identifies the outbuilding as a potential drive shed (Mills, 1996). However, for the purposes of this report, the term outbuilding is being used as the building has been modified over time. Page 92 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 87 Columnar Cedar, planted in pairs outlining the garden in front of the farmhouse; Euonymus, shrubs which are located between the pairs of cedars; Staghorn Sumac, located at the garden; Scots Pine, located at the road entrance to the property and along the eastern boundary at the field; Japanese Yew, located at the farmhouse; Boxwood, located at the farmhouse; English Ivy, located at the farmhouse; Common Grape, located at the house; and Japanese Falsecypress, located at the garden. The garden in front of the house is laid out as an outdoor room which is defined on three sides (east, north, and west) by a row of paired cedars, a split rail fence, and a low stone wall. Based on the age of the majority of the plants, the garden was likely created in the last 20 years. The view from the farmhouse through the garden is generally open towards the rising landscape to the south. There is an assortment of woody plants surrounding an open lawn. Figure 41: The southern end of the driveway near New Dundee Road, looking north (A.S.I., 2025). Page 93 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 88 Figure 42: The driveway extends northward past the residence (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 43: The pond to the north of the residence (A.S.I., 2025). Page 94 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 89 Figure 44: Lines of coniferous and deciduous trees bordering the property (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 45: View of an adjacent agricultural field from the yard at 1878 New Dundee Road (A.S.I., 2025). Page 95 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 90 4.4.2 Residence The residence on the subject property is a one-and-a-half storey fieldstone farmhouse with additions to the east, south, west, and southwest. A basement extends under all portions of the residence. The central farmhouse has a rectangular footprint, approximately 11.5m x 7.5m, on a fieldstone foundation, and a gable roof (Figure 46). The stone walls have random coursing, with pink and grey uncut granite fieldstones visible. The front, south elevation is enclosed by a sunroom addition (Figure 47). Window openings in the stone walls to the north and south feature wooden sills and frames (Figure 48), the east elevation includes two windows at the upper storey with contemporary sills and aluminium frames. The roof is clad in asphalt shingles with an aluminium fascia and soffit, and a parged chimney at the east gable which intersects the roof peak. On the interior, plaster and lath has been removed and exposed wood nailers are embedded throughout the stonework (Figure 49). A central wooden stair leads to the upper storey, which has a bathroom and two bedrooms. The eastern addition is a one-storey fieldstone structure with a rectangular footprint, smaller than that of the central farmhouse. The addition has a hip roof, ƷƩǒƓĭğƷĻķ ǞŷĻƩĻ źƷ ƒĻĻƷƭ ƷŷĻ ŅğƩƒŷƚǒƭĻ͸ƭ east wall, and a central cupola roof vent. Its south façade is set back approximately one foot from the front, south, façade of the farmhouse, and its north façade is flush with that of the farmhouse. The stone coursing varies between these two structures, with the addition featuring larger cut fieldstones, laid in even courses (Figure 50). The windows of this addition have wooden frames and sills similar to those of the central farmhouse. On the south façade where the two structures meet is a wooden door, on the north façade a doorway is boarded up. A bricked-over former window or entrance is located along the eastern elevation. A glass block basement window is visible from the south façade. A sunroom has been added to the front entrance of the residence along the south elevation (Figure 51), enclosing the front fieldstone façade of the house which Page 96 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 91 hosts a central wooden door with a transom window, flanked on each side by a window with a flat-arched stone lintel. The eastern window has been widened, as evidenced by the size of the opening compared to the lintel stones, which also change in colour to suggest an expansion, and the window has been removed to create an opening between the sunroom and farmhouse interior (Figure 52). Additions to the west and southwest of the central farmhouse have been added by the current tenant. To the southwest is a single-storey log cabin (Figure 53, Figure 54) that was moved from another property and has been adapted to a kitchen use (personal communications). A single storey board-and-batten ğķķźƷźƚƓ ĭƚƓƓĻĭƷƭ ƷŷĻ ƌƚŭ ĭğĬźƓ Ʒƚ ƷŷĻ ĭĻƓƷƩğƌ ŅğƩƒŷƚǒƭĻ ƷŷƩƚǒŭŷ ƷŷĻ ŅğƩƒŷƚǒƭĻ͸ƭ west façade. Adjacent to this addition is an enclosed porch, also on the west façade of the farmhouse, which opens onto a wooden deck, partially enclosed by a screen built from repurposed wooden windows (Figure 48). The basement of the farmhouse has been expanded to extend under all portions of the residence, and the yard to the rear of the residence has been excavated and lowered (Figure 55). The fieldstone foundation of the farmhouse and eastern stone addition have both been underpinned, with the lowered concrete layers visible where the ground has been excavated (Figure 56). The height of the concrete layer below the eastern stone addition indicates that its fieldstone foundation was shallower than that of the central stone farmhouse. Page 97 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 92 Figure 46: The stone farmhouse with gable roof and additions (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 47: The front, south façade of the farmhouse (A.S.I., 2025). Page 98 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 93 Figure 48: Rear, north façade of the stone farmhouse with wood-framed windows. An enclosed porch, on the right, opens onto a partially enclosed elevated deck (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 49: Wood nailers in a doorway through the east wall of the farmhouse (A.S.I., 2025). Page 99 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 94 Figure 50: The eastern stone addition set back from the farmhouse, note the change in stone coursing (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 51: The front, south façade of the farmhouse enclosed by a sunroom addition (A.S.I., 2025). Page 100 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 95 Figure 52: An empty window frame opens between sunroom and farmhouse, note the change in lintel stones above (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 53: A log cabin, transported from another site, connected to the farmhouse by the board and batten addition on the right (A.S.I., 2025). Page 101 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 96 Figure 54: The interior of the log cabin is used as a kitchen (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 55: The excavated rear yard of the residence and fieldstone foundation below the eastern stone addition, which has been lowered with concrete (A.S.I., 2025). Page 102 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 97 Figure 56: Fieldstone foundation below the farmhouse, with a band of parging above a layer of concrete where the basement has been lowered (A.S.I., 2025). 4.4.3 Outbuildings Immediately south of the residence is a two-car garage with a hip roof (Figure 57). The garage is clad with vertical wooden boards, and the roof with asphalt shingles. A wood-framed outbuilding is located to the north of the residence (Figure 58, Figure 59). The outbuilding has a rectangular footprint, a gable roof, and is clad in metal sheeting on the exterior walls and roof. A rolling door is located on the eastern elevation. The roof overhangs the northern elevation of the building to create a sheltered porch area. A pedestrian door is located along the western elevation. A variety of window shapes and sizes are located on the south, north, and west elevations. There are no windows on the eastern elevation. The outbuilding opens onto garden plots to the north. The remains of previous outbuildings on the site include the foundation of a barn to the northeast of the outbuilding, with a silo at the northeast corner of that Page 103 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 98 foundation (Figure 60). A concrete pad has been poured within the barn foundation and is used as a tennis court. The silo has no cap. Figure 57: Garage with hip roof (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 58: North elevation of outbuilding with gardens (A.S.I., 2025). Page 104 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 99 Figure 59: West elevation of outbuilding (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 60: The ruins of the barn foundation, poured concrete tennis court, and silo beyond (A.S.I., 2025). Page 105 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 100 4.4.4 Building Style/Typology The residence at 1878 New Dundee Road is a one-and-a-half storey vernacular fieldstone cottage with simple Georgian style detailing. The form, material, and detailing of the residence, specifically the central fieldstone house and its one- storey fieldstone addition to the east, are consistent with other early fieldstone residences in the area. The additions to the west and southwest vary in materiality, style, and date of construction, and express an ongoing adaptation of the farmhouse building typology to accommodate the changing needs of its occupants and landowners, a practice typical of this building typology. Architectural elements that relate to the Georgian architectural style include the symmetrical façade, stone construction, central door with transom window, and gable roof. Beyond the transom window, the residence has no ornamentation. While there is no date of construction listed for the east addition, it was built at a different stage than the central farmhouse, and by a different mason, evidenced by the difference in stonework between the two portions. The stonework of the central farmhouse is random-coursed and uncut, a style associated with German masonry, and the stonework of the addition is straight-coursed and cut, associated with Scottish masons (Moffat, 1984). Both styles are typical of pre- confederation Ontario farmhouses. Interior features of the residence have been altered substantially. Fieldstone was a common construction material for residences in Waterloo Township (see 5.1 for further discussion). There are nine fieldstone residences in ƷŷĻ /źƷǤ ƚŅ YźƷĭŷĻƓĻƩ͸ƭ IĻƩźƷğŭĻ tƩƚƦĻƩƷźĻƭ database in the immediate area around 1878 New Dundee Road, constructed between 1830 and 1870 (Figure 61). Of these, two are listed, six are designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act, ğƓķ ƚƓĻ źƭ źƓǝĻƓƷƚƩźĻķ ğƭ ͻźƓƷĻƓƷ Ʒƚ ķĻƭźŭƓğƷĻͼ ğƭ ƚŅ ЋЉЋЎ Λ/źƷǤ ƚŅ YźƷĭŷĻƓĻƩͲ 2024a, 2024b, 2025b). Page 106 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 101 Figure 61: Heritage-listed fieldstone residences immediately surrounding 1878 New Dundee Road (City of Kitchener GeoHub, annotations by A.S.I., 2025). Previous property assessments list the fieldstone farmhouse as being constructed circa 1860 (City of Kitchener, 1996; Mills, 1996). The form and detailing of the farmhouse is consistent with pre-confederation farmhouses in southern Ontario, and it closely resembles other early residences in the area, such as 508 New Dundee Road, built in 1830, 69 Biehn Drive (David B. Weber Farm) and 39 Doon Valley Drive, built in 1840, and 59 Marianne Dorn Trail, built in 1851. These four examples are designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act (City of Kitchener, 2024b) and are vernacular fieldstone cottages with simple Georgian detailing, gable roofs and central transom doorways. Other stone residences in the area feature Gothic styling, and were built later, between 1855-1870. Three are small cottages with central peaked dormers, and two are larger, more elaborate residences. Page 107 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 102 The nearby fieldstone residence at 432 Plains Road has similarly extensive additions to the property at 1878 New Dundee Road (Figure 65). The properties also share similar siting, form, and configurations, being deep farmsteads with narrow lot frontages off the main road. The property at 432 Plains Road was listed on the Kitchener heritage register in 2012 (City of Kitchener, 2024a). Figure 62: Georgian stone house at 508 New Dundee Road (©2025 Google). Figure 63: Georgian stone house at 39 Doon Valley Drive (©2025 Google). Page 108 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 103 Figure 64: Georgian stone house at 59 Marianne Dorn Trail (©2025 Google). Figure 65: Satellite imagery of extensive additions at 432 Plains Road (Imagery ©2025 Google, Airbus; Map data ©2025 Google). Page 109 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 104 4.5 1970 Plains Road The following sections discuss the physical characteristics, architectural style and typology associated with the subject property. The property at 1970 Plains Road features a former schoolhouse that has been converted to a residence with a rear addition, a driveway, and mature trees bordering the property as well as trees within the lawn. 4.5.1 Property Configuration and Landscape Characteristics The subject property is a 1.68-acre triangular parcel, bordered by Fischer-Hallman Road to the west, Plains Road diagonally to the southeast, and two residential properties to the north, which are immediately adjacent to a new subdivision under construction at the time of report writing. The terrain is flat. The residence is located to the northeast of the property, surrounded by yards on all sides which are enclosed by chain-link fencing. There are small sheds throughout the property, three in the northeast yard, two in the west yard, and two in the southwest yard. Two brick pillars are located at the driveway on Fischer-Hallman Road. The driveway approaches the house from the west. Mature spruce trees line both the western and southeastern borders of the property. Deciduous trees are planted throughout the property. Along Plains Road more specifically, the vegetation includes Red Oak, Black Walnut, Colorado Spruce, Norway Spruce, White Spruce, Common Buckthorn, and Riverbank Grape. 4.5.2 Residence/Former Schoolhouse The residence on the subject property is a former brick schoolhouse with an undated addition. It is presumed to have originally been a one-room schoolhouse based on its exterior consistency with nineteenth-century one-room schoolhouses in rural Ontario. School Section No. 3, commonly called the Plains School House, was constructed in 1872, with known modifications in 1890 and 1957, and an undated later addition. Page 110 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 105 A statement of significance prepared for the property in 2010 lists its features as: a rectangular plan; front gable roof; three bays; buff and red brick; datestone that ƩĻğķƭ ͻ{ĭŷƚƚƌ {ĻĭƷźƚƓ Ɠƚ Ќ ЊБАЋͳ ğƓķͲ ЏΉЏ hung windows (City of Kitchener, 2010). These features remain intact; however, the brick is currently painted. The datestone is located centrally on the southeast, front, elevation of the schoolhouse, above a central enclosed porch entryway which was added in 1957, replacing previous separate boys and girls entrances to the right and left (Figure 66, Figure 67). The previous entrance to the left has been converted to a window, and the entry on the right has been covered by a brick chimney breast and chimney. A second chimney extends from the roof at the opposite, northwest elevation of the schoolhouse. This elevation is no longer visible, being joined to the more recently constructed addition. The side elevations of the schoolhouse, on the northeast and southwest, each feature three tall and narrow windows that reach almost the full height of the exterior. The roof cladding material could not be determined. Based on a review of satellite imagery, the addition at the rear of the schoolhouse consists of two connected structures, each with a rectangular footprint and gable roof, with a combined footprint slightly larger than that of the schoolhouse. The addition has four entrances and features a variety of window sizes along the elevations of the addition. The first storey of the addition is clad with brick and siding; the second storey is clad entirely with siding. The roof is asphalt shingle and features multiple dormers: two large, shed dormers on the northeast roof slope, and three small, gable dormers on the southwest. Both portions of the addition open onto separate wood decks on the northeast, and a joined stone patio to the southwest. Page 111 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 106 Figure 66: The southeast elevation of the residence at 1970 Plains Road, originally the front façade of the Plains School (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 67: The datestone on the southeast façade, note the red brick behind the peeling paint (A.S.I., 2025). Page 112 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 107 4.5.3 Building Style/Typology Nineteenth-century rural schoolhouses in Ontario were built of available materials in a vernacular style. The majority were one-room schoolhouses, "90 per cent of the schools in the province in 1850 were of this size; of these, 52 per cent were constructed of logs, 44 per cent were of frame and the balance were of stone or brick construction" (Ontario Heritage Trust, 2006). Most school sites began with a log structure, replaced by a more formal schoolhouse when resources allowed. The schoolhouse at 1970 Plains Road was constructed in the early stages of a period of transition within education, and educational architecture, after the 1871 Free Schools Act spurred chğƓŭĻƭ źƓ ƭĭŷƚƚƌŷƚǒƭĻ ķĻƭźŭƓƭ͵ ŷźƌĻ ͻĻğƩƌǤ ƭĭŷƚƚƌ ĬǒźƌķźƓŭƭ ǞĻƩĻ źƓķźƭƷźƓŭǒźƭŷğĬƌĻ ŅƩƚƒ ķǞĻƌƌźƓŭƭͼ ΛaĭLƌǞƩğźƷŷͲ ЊВВАͲ Ʀ͵ ЊЏЊΜͲ Ʒŷźƭ next phase of school design used moƩĻ ŅƚƩƒğƌźǩĻķ ĭŷğƩğĭƷĻƩźƭƷźĭƭʹ ͻŷƩĻĻ windows on each side became standard, and some schools had separate entrances for boys and girls. Ventilation flues and raised ceilings improved air circulation, and interior arrangemĻƓƷƭ ğƓķ ĻƨǒźƦƒĻƓƷ ǞĻƩĻ ǒƦŭƩğķĻķͼ (McIlwraith, 1997, p. 161). This vernacular school design was already in use in rural areas before the passage of the Act, with plans matching this style published in The Canada Farmer in 1866, as "Cheap Country Schoolhouse" (The Canada Farmer, 1866). A typical design for these schoolhouses involved a single-room rectangular building with minimal ornamentation, an entry at one of the short elevations and, two or three windows along each length. A datestone would be installed above ƷŷĻ ĻƓƷƩǤͲ ğƓķ ƷŷĻ ƭĭŷƚƚƌŷƚǒƭĻ ƒźŭŷƷ ŅĻğƷǒƩĻ ğ ĬĻƌŅƩǤ ğƓķ ĬĻƌƌ Α ğ ĬĻƌŅƩǤ Ǟğƭ added to the school at the subject property circa 1890 and removed at an unknown date (City of Kitchener, 2010). The interior would feature a platform for the teacher opposite the entry, and a wood stove or fireplace which would also provide ventilation. The schoolyard usually consisted of a well, one or more outhouses, and woodpiles (Wilcox, 2017). Page 113 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 108 The schoolhouse at the subject property is representative of this typical vernacular style. In the vicinity of the subject property, the dichromatic brick schoolhouse at 320 Dodge Drive shares similar vernacular attributes, with an extant belfry (reconstructed to replace an earlier original belfry). The Dodge Drive School was constructed in 1879, is currently used as a residence, and is designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act (City of Kitchener, 2024b). The brick construction of the two schoolhouses suggests that the material was locally affordable and available at the time. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Department of Education endeavoured to further improve the design of Ontario's school buildings, and published designs with improved hygiene, lighting, and ornamentation. The 1909 book of Plans for Rural School Buildings announced that the "unpainted, box- shaped, dilapidated, desolate looking school should pass away with the log shanty and the old frame dwelling house we have outgrown. The houses of to-day indicate prosperity, comfort, and growing good taste. So should the school" (Ontario Department of Education, 1909). Page 114 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 109 4.6 271 Reidel Drive The subject property at 271 Reidel Drive previously did have a residence, outbuilding, and silos; however, all of these structures are no longer extant and the property does not have any structures thereon. As such, no physical characteristics of the structures are discussed. The subject property at 271 Reidel Drive includes agricultural fields and a portion of Blair Creek flowing through the northern portion of the property surrounded by trees and other vegetation (Figure 68 and Figure 69). The majority of the property is agricultural fields along an undulating topography. A post-and-wire fence lines the eastern border of the property and a metal gate is located at the driveway. Some trees and vegetation also line the eastern border of the property (Figure 70). Figure 68: Agricultural fields of 271 Reidel Drive (A.S.I., 2025). Page 115 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 110 Figure 69: Looking south from the northern border of the property, the trees in the distance line Blair Creek (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 70: Post-and-wire fence, metal gate, and trees along the eastern border of the property (A.S.I., 2025). Page 116 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 111 5.0 Discussion of Contextual Value The following section discusses the characteristics of the study area as they relate to landscape features, geological patterns, topographic features, and natural resources and land uses. This provides appropriate information to then analyze Ļğĭŷ ƩĻƭƚǒƩĭĻ͸ƭ ĭƚƓƷĻǣƷǒğƌ ƨǒğƌźƷźĻƭ͵ 5.1 Landscape, Geology, Topography, and Natural Resources The hummocky, rolling topography seen throughout the study area is indicative of ğ ƦƚƭƷ ŭƌğĭźğƌ ƒƚƩğźƓĻ ƌğƓķƭĭğƦĻ Α ƷŷĻ ƭƷǒķǤ ğƩĻğ źƭ ǞźƷŷźƓ ƷŷĻ ğƷĻƩƌƚƚ Iźƌƌƭ physiographic region, which covers the area west of the Grand River, and is characterized by the Kame Moraines landform (Chapman & Putnam, 1984). In some parts of Waterloo Township, the hills presented steep slopes that hindered early development, while other areas are nearly flat. Within the study area, the topography varies from nearly flat, to gently rolling, with some steeper hills along Reidel and Stauffer Drives. The bedrock in this physiographic region is covered by glacial sand and gravel deposits. This limited the use of quarried stone in the early development of the township, but made available other construction materials, such as fieldstone (Bloomfield, 1995b, p. 27). Fieldstones, visible in nineteenth-century buildings around the study area, would have been available on the surface of the land and on the shores of the nearby Grand River, transported and deposited by glacial movement. Soils in the surrounding areas are of variable type and fertility. In the study area, the soils are primarily type 2B (moderate limitations), with a small section of class 1B soils (no significant limitations) at the southwest border (Bloomfield, 1995b, p. 28). This variability did not significantly limit agricultural development, which was based on accessibility and randomly drawn lots rather than soil quality (Bloomfield, 1995b, p.59). Page 117 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 112 Moraine landscapes allow rain and snowmelt to infiltrate easily, replenishing and filtering underground aquifers that supply drinking water to nearby communities. In addition, the moraines act as headwaters for regional rivers and streams. The headwaters of Cedar Creek the Blair Creek Watershed are within the study area, west of Reidel Drive (Stantec Consulting Ltd., 2009), with Blair Creek running through the east side of the study area, toward the Grand River. 5.2 Land Use Character The lands within the Dundee Secondary Plan are located within a rural agricultural context, with urban areas to the north and east. The land between the study area and the City of Kitchener is in the process of urbanizing, with existing residential subdivisions to the north and east, and another in development immediately to the north at the time of report writing. Early farmhouses such as David B. Weber Farm (69 Biehn Drive) and Grant House (68 Saddlebrook Court) are located within these urban and urbanizing areas, remaining ğƭ źƓķźĭğƷƚƩƭ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ğƩĻğ͸ƭ ƦğƭƷ ƩǒƩğƌ agricultural use. The rural agricultural context of the subject area and its surroundings to the south and west is characterized by large plots of land with farmsteads including residences, lawns, agricultural fields and woodlots. The orientation, form, and continuing agricultural use of these plots link the area's contemporary agricultural character to its nineteenth-century development. The network of concession roads also expresses this early period of subdivision, with most roads following their original alignments as access routes to the developing farm properties, generally running straight along the borders of lots. Major roadways throughout this agricultural area maintain a narrow, rural character, not extending wider than two lanes. These have been paved and modernized, while many minor roads and driveways have gravel surfacing. Outside of the subject area to the north, the major roadway, Huron Road, is widened to four lanes where the residential subdivision and urban context areas begin. Surrounded by fields with low plantings and roadside vegetation, the driving experience along the road network is characterized by open views across the agricultural fields, rural countryside and along the long, straight stretches of road. Page 118 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 113 5.3 Contextual Value of the Roads and Properties The following sections discuss the contextual value of each of the properties and roads. 5.3.1 Plains Road Plains Road is a narrow two-lane road with a typical rural cross-section and no ƭŷƚǒƌķĻƩ͵ ŷĻ Ʃƚğķ͸ƭ ķźğŭƚƓğƌ ğƌźŭƓƒĻƓƷ is unusual compared to the straight concession roads characteristic of the area. This alignment can be linked to the settlement activities of the area, as discussed in Section 3.3. Plains Road runs diagonally from southwest to northeast for approximately three kilometres, between Trussler Road and Fischer-Hallman Road, and terminating at Broadacre Drive. Previously, the road extended to Huron Road at its northeast end, but this section of roadway has been replaced by a residential subdivision in which the original alignment was not retained. As part of a Heritage Impact Assessment completed in relation to this development, it was recommended that changes to the historic alignment of Plains Road should be mitigated through a commemoration strategy. A commemoration strategy was implemented through development of a series of parks and ƭźķĻǞğƌƉ ƭƷğƒƦƭ Ʒƚ ƷƩğĭĻ ƷŷĻ Ʃƚğķ͸ƭ historical alignment between Huron Road and the southwest end of the subdivision near Fischer Hallman Road. Plains Road is identified as a Cultural Heritage Landscape, and identified as a Heritage Corridor in studies as early as the 1990s although has not been delineated as one in the City of KitchĻƓĻƩ͸ƭ hŅŅźĭźğƌ tƌğƓ͵ źƷŷźƓ ƷŷĻ 5ǒƓķĻĻ Secondary Plan, Plains Road extends for 190 metres between Fischer-Hallman Road and Broadacre Drive. Within this section, three rural residential properties line both sides of the road: 381, 391, and 1970 Plains Road (Figure 72). At the terminus at Broadacre Drive, a gravel driveway follows the northern boundary of the study area for approximately 700 metres, leading to the rural residential residence at 267 Plains Road. Page 119 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 114 The topography surrounding Plains Road is generally flat. There is a slight rise in the roadway midway through the section within the Dundee Secondary Plan (Figure 71). There is one agricultural field along the road within the Dundee Secondary Plan, on the southeast side just before the terminus, where a residential subdivision begins (Figure 73, Figure 74). Views to and from the roadway, within the Dundee Secondary Plan and along its full length, are typical of the rural context. Page 120 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 115 Figure 71: The topography of Plains Road rises slightly, and a concrete curb is introduced midway through the portion of road within the Dundee Secondary Plan (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 72: Rural residential property on the south side of Plains Road (A.S.I., 2025). Page 121 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 116 Figure 73: View looking northeast from Plains Road to an agricultural property (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 74: Plains Road terminates at the northeast where a residential subdivision begins (A.S.I., 2025). Page 122 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 117 5.3.2 Reidel Drive Reidel Drive is a straight roadway that connects to New Dundee Road to the south, and Stauffer Drive to the north. The northern section of Reidel Drive, where it connects with Stauffer Drive, is part of a Heritage Corridor indicated in Map 9 within the City of Kitchener Official Plan. This network extends east along Stauffer and includes a cluster of muti-use pathways including Groh Drive, Tilt Drive, and Dodge Drive (City of Kitchener, 2019). Reidel Drive is located at the western origin of the Blair Creek Watershed, just east of the wetland headwaters of Blair Creek (Stantec Consulting Ltd., 2009). Reidel Drive is contextually connected to the network of nineteenth-century concession roads around Waterloo Township through its original alignment along the border of agricultural lots, which historically provided access to the developing farms. The roadway has a rolling topography, which is an expression of its context within a glacial landscape and a characteristic of its scenic, rural context with viewsheds looking out to adjacent agricultural fields which line the western side of the roadway, and the rolling moraine landscape (Figure 76 Error! Reference source not found.). Based on review of site conditions and digital terrain information, a representative viewshed that expresses this roadside context and visual relationships between the road and its surrounding landscape has been identified in Error! Reference source not found.. The roadway has two lanes and a rural cross-section with no shoulder, characteristics of the rural agricultural context of the area. Post and wire fencing for the agricultural properties line the east side of the road. At the time of field review, a plot of formerly agricultural land at the south end of Reidel Drive, on the east side, was under construction for a new subdivision (Figure 78, Figure 79) and 271 Reidel Drive had been cleared due to a fire, see Section 5.3.6. Page 123 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 118 Figure 75: Map of the identified viewshed from Reidel Drive to agricultural fields and moraine landscape (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 76: The viewshed looking northwest from Reidel Drive to agricultural fields and moraine landforms (©2025 Google) Page 124 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 119 Figure 77: The viewshed looking northwest from Reidel Drive to agricultural fields and moraine landforms (Landplan, 2025). Figure 78: Active construction site levelling topography, looking west from Reidel Drive (A.S.I., 2025). Page 125 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 120 Figure 79: Looking north along Reidel Drive, with a former agricultural property under construction (right) and an active agricultural property (left) (A.S.I., 2025). Page 126 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 121 5.3.3 Stauffer Drive Stauffer Drive is located at the north terminus of Reidel Drive (Figure 81). It is narrower than Reidel Drive, and has a rural cross-section with no shoulder, typical of the roadways within the rural agricultural context. Stauffer Drive is part of a Heritage Corridor indicated in Map 9 within the City of Kitchener Official Plan. The corridor connects to the north portion of Reidel Drive and a series of multi-use trails to the east, including Groh Drive, Tilt Drive, and Dodge Drive (City of Kitchener, 2019). Stauffer Drive is nestled between two rises in the landscape to the north and south, and itself slopes downward from east to west (Figure 82). As applies to Reidel Drive, the rolling topography is an expression of its context within a glacial landscape and a characteristic of its scenic, rural context looking out to adjacent agricultural fields. Large open agricultural fields are located on both the north and south sides of the road. The designated property at 500 Stauffer Drive is the sole agricultural property on the north side of the roadway. The roadway runs east-west, in two sections. It is a straight, paved two-lane public road that extends from 500 Stauffer Drive to just east of Caryndale Drive, including the intersection with Reidel Drive (Figure 83). To the east, the road becomes a recreational trail, closed to cars with concrete barriers, and leads to Groh Drive and Tilt Drive, both of which have been converted to trails though historically were part of a larger historical road network (Figure 84). As discussed in Section 3.5, the straight portion of Stauffer Drive was installed between 1908 and 1916. This alignment represents an evolution of the nineteenth-century roadway network. To the west, between 1990 Fischer-Hallman Road/560 Stauffer Drive and 500 Stauffer Drive, access continues as a narrow private gravel laneway that meanders around natural features. Page 127 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 122 Figure 80: Stauffer Drive, looking west, agricultural property (left), 500 Stauffer Drive (right), and the hydro line crossing the road (middle) (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 81: View of Reidel Drive from Stauffer Drive, with rolling topography, mature trees, and an agricultural field to the right (A.S.I., 2025). Page 128 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 123 Figure 82: The top of a hill along Stauffer Drive (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 83: The straight portion of Stauffer Road (A.S.I., 2025). Page 129 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 124 Figure 84: The east portion of Stauffer Road, a recreational trail (A.S.I., 2025). 5.3.4 1878 New Dundee Road The subject property at 1878 New Dundee Road is located within a rural- agricultural context surrounded by large agricultural properties. The property is located on the north side of New Dundee Road, a two-lane east-west roadway with a rural cross-section and gravel shoulder. The area surrounding the subject property has remained within an agricultural context since the mid-nineteenth century. Alongside the other, more intact, fieldstone residences in the surrounding area, the residence at 1878 New Dundee Road is an example of the simple Georgian fieldstone construction that was accessible in the area in the mid nineteenth century. Page 130 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 125 5.3.5 1970 Plains Road The subject property at 1970 Plains Road is located at the meeting point of a rural-agricultural context dating to the mid-nineteenth century, and a more recently introduced urbanized residential context. The property is located within a triangular parcel of land that has been in place since the mid-nineteenth century, though the land uses surrounding the parcel have changed over time. At the time of writing, the land uses immediately to the north of 1970 Plains Road include a rural residential property at 1940 Fischer Hallman Road, and a newly- constructed residential subdivision on what was previously agricultural fields (Figure 85). To the west and southeast, the parcel is framed by the north-south Fischer-Hallman Road and the diagonal Plains Road. On the opposite side of Plains Road, to the southeast of the triangular parcel, are two rural residential properties at 381 and 391 Plains Road, as well as a gravel driveway leading approximately 700 metres to the residence at 267 Plains Road. Large agricultural properties remain in the immediate area of 1970 Plains Road, along the west of Fischer-Hallman Road, and to the east, south of the new residential development. The triangular parcel is part of the area͸ƭ ŷźƭƷƚƩźĭğƌ ƌƚƷ ƦğƷƷĻƩƓ ğƓķ ĭƚƓĭĻƭƭźƚƓ road network. As illustrated in Section 3.6, the 1861 Tremaine map (Figure 18) shows the triangular parcel pre-dates the introduction of Fischer-Hallman Road, and follows the geometries of Plains Road and the adjacent agricultural plots. The schoolhouse on the property, currently used as a residence, was named the Plains School for its location on this roadway. While no longer connected to the community through its use as a school, the schoolhouse would have historically been a central site for families with children within its area, as well as a visible community landmark. While the schoolhouse is set close to Plains Road, it is screened on approach by large mature trees on either side, resulting in the building not being visually prominent from the right-of-way until immediately in front of it (Figure 87). The residential addition to the schoolhouse and a line of mature trees almost completely obscure the view of the schoolhouse from Fischer-Hallman Road as well. The schoolhouse no longer has context as a local landmark. Page 131 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 126 Figure 85: The entry to 1970 Plains Road from Fischer- Hallman Road. A residential subdivision is visible in the background (A.S.I., 2025). Figure 86: The acute angle of the Plains Road and Fischer-Hallman Road intersection, on the right, with a line of spruce trees (A.S.I., 2025). Page 132 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 127 Figure 87: The view of the Plains School from Plains Road is concealed by mature trees (A.S.I., 2025). 5.3.6 271 Reidel Drive The subject property at 271 Reidel Drive is located within an urbanizing section of the rural-agricultural context in place since the mid-nineteenth century. Previously, the site was a residential property buffered by trees from agricultural fields to the west, and Reidel Drive to the east with more agricultural fields and forested areas beyond. At the time of field review, the property at 271 Reidel Drive had been fully cleared due to a fire at the property. The house previously at the property, as well as all plantings and forested areas, had been removed. Page 133 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 128 6.0 Heritage Evaluation The following evaluations have been prepared in consideration of data regarding the design, historical/associative, and contextual values in the City of Kitchener. Page 134 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 129 6.1 Plains Road Ontario Regulation 9/06 The evaluation of the portion of Plains Road between Fischer-Hallman Road and Broadacre Drive using the criteria set out in Ontario Regulation 9/06 is presented below. Evaluation Criteria Response 1. The property has design value or physical value because it is a No rare, unique, representative or early example of a style, type, expression, material or construction method. 2. The property has design value or physical value because it No displays a high degree of craftsmanship or artistic merit. 3. The property has design value or physical value because it No demonstrates a high degree of technical or scientific achievement. 4. The property has historical value or associative value because it No has direct associations with a theme, event, belief, person, activity, organization or institution that is significant to a community. 5. The property has historical value or associative value because it No yields, or has the potential to yield, information that contributes to an understanding of a community or culture. 6. The property has historical value or associative value because it No demonstrates or reflects the work or ideas of an architect, artist, builder, designer or theorist who is significant to a community. 7. The property has contextual value because it is important in No defining, maintaining or supporting the character of an area. 8. The property has contextual value because it is physically, No functionally, visually or historically linked to its surroundings. 9. The property has contextual value because it is a landmark. No Page 135 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 130 Plains Road is one of very few remaining rural roads in the City of Kitchener with features such as the narrow two-lane alignment, rural cross section, undulating topography, open driving experience with narrow ditches, situated within a rural countryside, containing agricultural fields and original pioneer farmsteads. The ƩƚğķǞğǤ͸ƭ ķźğŭƚƓğƌ ğƌźŭƓƒĻƓƷ źƭ ǒƓǒƭǒğƌ Ǟźthin the City of Kitchener as well as being an early transportation route. Plains Road between Fischer-Hallman Road and Broadacre Drive is a small portion of the overall Plains Road Cultural Heritage Landscape. This particular section has been subject to changes through the twentieth and twenty-first centuries which have diminished its integrity resulting from the addition of small residential lots along the southeast side, the loss of the road alignment north of Broadacre Drive through Becker Estates (though commemorated by a series of parks placed along the former alignment), and the alterations to the road cross section with the introduction of concrete curbs. Due to the diminished integrity, this portion of Plains Road no longer exhibits the design or physical value of the Plains Road Cultural Heritage Landscape which remains intact between Trussler Road and Fischer-Hallman Road. The portion of Plains Road between Fischer-Hallman Road and Broadacre Drive was constructed using standard methods and materials and follows a typical cross section and therefore does not display a high degree of craftsmanship or artistic merit nor is it known to be a technical or scientific achievement. Plains Road was built as part of the initial settlement activities in the southern part of the County of Waterloo and relates to the development of the County for agricultural purposes in the nineteenth century and remains bounded by farms and cultivated fields. Unusual property alignments result from the diagonal path of the road. These historical and contextual values are no longer present in the portion of Plains Road between Fischer-Hallman Road and Broadacre Drive. Based on available information, it has been determined that Plains Road from Fischer-Hallman Road to Broadacre Drive does not meet Ontario Regulation 9/06 criteria however this section provides a connection between the commemoration strategy implemented to the north and the portion of the historic corridor that is extant section to the south. Page 136 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 131 6.2 Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive Ontario Regulation 9/06 The evaluation of Reidel Drive between New Dundee Road and Stauffer Drive using the criteria set out in Ontario Regulation 9/06 is presented below. Evaluation Criteria Response 1. The property has design value or physical value because it is a No rare, unique, representative or early example of a style, type, expression, material or construction method. 2. The property has design value or physical value because it No displays a high degree of craftsmanship or artistic merit. 3. The property has design value or physical value because it No demonstrates a high degree of technical or scientific achievement. 4. The property has historical value or associative value because it Yes has direct associations with a theme, event, belief, person, activity, organization or institution that is significant to a community. 5. The property has historical value or associative value because it No yields, or has the potential to yield, information that contributes to an understanding of a community or culture. 6. The property has historical value or associative value because it No demonstrates or reflects the work or ideas of an architect, artist, builder, designer or theorist who is significant to a community. 7. The property has contextual value because it is important in Yes defining, maintaining or supporting the character of an area. 8. The property has contextual value because it is physically, Yes functionally, visually or historically linked to its surroundings. 9. The property has contextual value because it is a landmark. No Page 137 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 132 Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive together form part of a local rural road network that has historical value for its direct association with the formation of the Township of Waterloo and the initial settlement activities and subsequent agricultural uses in the southern part of the township and forming part of .ĻğƭƌĻǤ͸ƭ bĻǞ {ǒƩǝĻǤ͵ {ƷğǒŅŅĻƩ 5ƩźǝĻ ĭğƓ be described as having two sections travelling generally east-west: the public road between 500 Stauffer Drive and just east of Caryndale Drive; and the portion from Caryndale Drive to Tilt Drive which has been converted to and integrated into a pedestrian trail network. Reidel Drive travels generally north-south between Stauffer Drive and New Dundee Road. However, the southern portion of Reidel Drive from New Dundee Road northwards for 400 metres has diminished integrity due to the introduction of the mixed-use community that is currently under construction on the east side of the roadway. ŷĻƭĻ ƩƚğķǞğǤƭ ğƩĻ ƭŷğƦĻķ ĬǤ YźƷĭŷĻƓĻƩ͸ƭ ƉğƒĻ ƒƚƩğźƓĻƭ ğƓķ ŅƚƌƌƚǞ ƷŷĻ undulating topography, set within and offering views of agricultural lands and protected forests. This rural road network is part of a cluster of intersecting heritage corridors recognized by the City of Kitchener in their Official Plan and which include Groh Drive, Tilt Drive, and Dodge Drive. Together, with Stauffer Drive and Reidel Drive, this circulation network maintains a rural and historic but evolved character through the adaptation of formerly vehicular roads into trail systems and retention of: original road alignments; cross sections and pavings evocative of nineteenth-century concession roads; roadside vegetation and plantings; undulating terrain; and nineteenth-century farmsteads such as the Tilt Farm and 500 Stauffer Drive. Based on available information, it has been determined that the rural road network consisting of Reidel Drive between 400 metres north of New Dundee Road and Stauffer Drive and Stauffer Drive between 500 Stauffer Drive and Tilt Drive meet Ontario Regulation 9/06 criteria. Page 138 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 133 6.2.1 Draft Statement of Cultural Heritage Value and Heritage Attributes Description of the Road Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive together form part of a local rural road network. Reidel Drive is a two-lane, rural road with no shoulders, between 400 metres north of New Dundee Road and Stauffer Drive. The road has a general north- south alignment with a slight bend north of its intersection with New Dundee Road. Stauffer Drive is a two-lane, rural road with no shoulders and can be described as having two sections travelling with an east-west orientation: the public road between 500 Stauffer Drive and just west of Caryndale Drive; and the portion from Caryndale Drive to Tilt Drive which has been converted to and integrated into a pedestrian trail network. The two roads connect at the northern end of Reidel Drive in a T-intersection. Cultural Heritage Value or Interest Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive together form part of a local rural road network that is of historical and contextual value. The roads have a direct association with the formation of the Township of Waterloo and the initial settlement activities and subsequent agricultural uses in the southern part of the township and ŅƚƩƒźƓŭ ƦğƩƷ ƚŅ .ĻğƭƌĻǤ͸ƭ bĻǞ {ǒƩǝĻǤ͵ This rural road network has contextual value because it is part of a cluster of intersecting heritage corridors that are recognized by the City of Kitchener in their Official Plan and which includes Groh Drive, Tilt Drive, and Dodge Drive. Together with Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive, this circulation network maintains a rural and historic but evolved character through the adaptation of formerly vehicular roadways into trail systems and the retention of: original road alignments, cross sections and surface treatments that are evocative of nineteenth century Page 139 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 134 concession roads; roadside vegetation and plantings; undulating terrain; and nineteenth-century farmsteads such as Tilt Farm and 500 Stauffer Drive. Heritage Attributes Attributes related to the historical value of Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive: Rural carriage way cross section with two-lane alignment and featuring a tar and chip surface treatment with narrow vegetated verges and lacking features typical of urban environments such as lane markings, drainage ditches, manhole structures, or catch basins. Vertical profiles that respond to the surrounding landscape: Reidel Drive follows the surrounding topography, featuring undulating rises and falls in relation to adjacent landscape; Stauffer Drive responds to two rises in the landscape with a slope down westwards towards the headwaters of Blair Creek. Limited driveway access to adjacent properties and no intersections with contemporary street crossings. Historic road alignment. Attributes related to the contextual value of Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive: Blair Creek natural heritage feature. Views to the Blair Creek natural heritage feature along Reidel Drive, expressing visual relationships between the road and the adjacent undulating terrain. Vegetation that abuts the roadside creating a defined edge, in particular near Blair Creek along Reidel Drive and near the forested area along Stauffer Drive. Undulating topography adjacent to Reidel Drive. Continuous physical connections between Reidel Drive, Stauffer Drive, Tilt Drive/trail, Groh Drive/trail, and Dodge Drive. Physical connections to 500 Stauffer Drive. Page 140 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 135 6.3 1878 New Dundee Road Ontario Regulation 9/06 The evaluation of the subject property at 1878 New Dundee Road using the criteria set out in Ontario Regulation 9/06 is presented below. Evaluation Criteria Response 1. The property has design value or physical value because it is a Yes rare, unique, representative or early example of a style, type, expression, material or construction method. 2. The property has design value or physical value because it No displays a high degree of craftsmanship or artistic merit. 3. The property has design value or physical value because it No demonstrates a high degree of technical or scientific achievement. 4. The property has historical value or associative value because it No has direct associations with a theme, event, belief, person, activity, organization or institution that is significant to a community. 5. The property has historical value or associative value because it No yields, or has the potential to yield, information that contributes to an understanding of a community or culture. 6. The property has historical value or associative value because it No demonstrates or reflects the work or ideas of an architect, artist, builder, designer or theorist who is significant to a community. 7. The property has contextual value because it is important in No defining, maintaining or supporting the character of an area. 8. The property has contextual value because it is physically, No functionally, visually or historically linked to its surroundings. 9. The property has contextual value because it is a landmark. No The property at 1878 New Dundee Road has design and physical value because it is a good representative example of the vernacular farmhouse typology that was typical in the southern portion of Kitchener in the mid-nineteenth century. It was Page 141 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 136 constructed in a similar manner to contemporaneous farmhouses with respect to materiality and detailing but also features a series of subsequent additions and alterations. These later additions allowed the original farmhouse to adapt to changing conditions on the property, a practice typical of nineteenth-century farmhouse building typologies. The primary residential structure expresses its mid nineteenth-century farmhouse type through the use of readily available granite fieldstone materials and constructed using methods brought by the masons who applied techniques reflective of their countries of origin. The building is sited alongside a long tree- lined drive and set back from the roadway, a site configuration typical of small- scale family farms in the nineteenth century. The farmhouse also exhibits details and elements common to its period of initial construction which relate to the Georgian architectural style - influences that would have shaped domestic architecture in the nineteenth century, even when executed in rural, agricultural contexts. These include the symmetrical façade, stone construction, central door with transom window and gable roof. The east addition is an early alteration to the building and reflects the adaptability of the farmhouse typology to accommodate the growing and fluctuating needs of its owners. The high quality of construction of the east addition can tell the story of an increasingly productive farm. Based on available information, it has been determined that 1878 New Dundee Road meets Ontario Regulation 9/06 criteria. Page 142 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 137 6.3.1 Draft Statement of Cultural Heritage Value and Heritage Attributes Description of Property The property at 1878 New Dundee Road contains a nineteenth-century farmhouse that has been adapted over time. The house is situated along a long tree-lined driveway. Cultural Heritage Value or Interest The property at 1878 New Dundee Road has design and physical value because it is a good representative example of the vernacular farmhouse typology that was typical in the southern portion of Kitchener in the mid-nineteenth century. The farmhouse was constructed in a similar manner to contemporaneous farmhouses with respect to materiality and detailing but also features a series of subsequent additions and alterations. These later additions allowed the original farmhouse to adapt to the changing conditions on the property, a practice that was typical of nineteenth-century farmhouse building typologies. The primary residential structure expresses its mid-nineteenth-century farmhouse type through the use of readily available granite fieldstone materials and that it was constructed using methods brought by the masons who applied techniques reflective of their countries of origin. The farmhouse is situated along a tree-lined driveway and set back from the roadway, which was a site configuration typical of small-scale family farms in the nineteenth century. The farmhouse also exhibits details and elements common to its period of initial construction which relate to ƷŷĻ DĻƚƩŭźğƓ ğƩĭŷźƷĻĭƷǒƩğƌ ƭƷǤƌĻ Α źƓŅƌǒĻƓĭĻƭ ƷŷğƷ Ǟƚǒƌķ ŷğǝĻ ƭŷğƦĻķ ķƚƒĻƭƷźĭ architecture in the nineteenth century, even when executed in rural, agricultural contexts such as this property. These include the symmetrical façade, stone construction, central door with transom window, gable roof and roof pitch. The east addition that followed in the nineteenth century reflects the adaptability of the farmhouse type to accommodate the growing and fluctuating needs of its owners. Page 143 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 138 Heritage Attributes Key exterior elements that contribute to the heritage value as a good representative vernacular farmhouse type include its: Modest scale and rectangular form and plan Granite fieldstone construction with random coursing in the main portion and cut, straight-coursing in the east addition The symmetrical façade of the original building with central door and transom window Gable roof and roof pitch The eastern stone addition Page 144 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 139 6.4 1970 Plains Road Ontario Regulation 9/06 The evaluation of the subject property at 1970 Plains Road using the criteria set out in Ontario Regulation 9/06 is presented below. Evaluation Criteria Response 1. The property has design value or physical value because it is a Yes rare, unique, representative or early example of a style, type, expression, material or construction method. 2. The property has design value or physical value because it No displays a high degree of craftsmanship or artistic merit. 3. The property has design value or physical value because it No demonstrates a high degree of technical or scientific achievement. 4. The property has historical value or associative value because it Yes has direct associations with a theme, event, belief, person, activity, organization or institution that is significant to a community. 5. The property has historical value or associative value because it No yields, or has the potential to yield, information that contributes to an understanding of a community or culture. 6. The property has historical value or associative value because it No demonstrates or reflects the work or ideas of an architect, artist, builder, designer or theorist who is significant to a community. 7. The property has contextual value because it is important in No defining, maintaining or supporting the character of an area. 8. The property has contextual value because it is physically, Yes functionally, visually or historically linked to its surroundings. 9. The property has contextual value because it is a landmark. No The property at 1970 Plains Road served as a school property starting in 1842, first with a log schoolhouse and then followed by the current brick building constructed in 1872. The property is representative of the nineteenth-century Page 145 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 140 rural schoolhouse type. Despite a series of alterations to the building it is still readily recognizable as a former schoolhouse in its simple form and massing and modest scale with its single storey height and rectangular plan, front gable roof, symmetrical façade with three bays, brick construction, datestone that reads, ͻ{/Ihh\[ {ĻĭƷźƚƓ bƚ Ќ ЊБАЋ͵ͼ ğƓķ Ʒğƌƌ and narrow 6/6 hung windows. Tree planting programs were also a key component of improvement made by community. The row of spruce trees parallel to Plains Road is reflective of this feature of the rural schoolhouse type. The property has historical associative value as it relates to the theme of education within the City of Kitchener. The property and schoolhouse served the rural population of the surrounding area, educating many generations of local children for over 100 years. This institution would have served an essential role in the growing community during the nineteenth century. The property is historically and physically linked to Plains Road and the historical lot pattern established by the regular grid pattern of the concessions and bisected by the diagonal alignment of Plains Road. The building is situated in a triangular shaped parcel and oriented and parallel with Plains Road, typical of properties along the route. While now a private residĻƓĭĻͲ ƷŷĻ ƭĭŷƚƚƌ͸ƭ ƓğƒĻͲ tƌğźƓƭ {ĭŷƚƚƌͲ links the property to its context. Based on available information, it has been determined that 1970 Plains Road meets Ontario Regulation 9/06 criteria. Page 146 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 141 6.4.1 Draft Statement of Cultural Heritage Value and Heritage Attributes Description of Property The former Plains School at 1970 Plains Road is a nineteenth-century rural schoolhouse that has been converted to a residential use. The triangular shaped property comprises the former schoolhouse and plantings associated with the school period. Cultural Heritage Value or Interest The former Plains School at 1970 Plains Road has design and physical value as representative of the nineteenth-century rural schoolhouse type. The building continues to clearly express this type despite alterations to the building through the twentieth century. The schoolhouse type is expressed in the simplicity of the form and massing of the structure, its modest scale, rectangular plan, front gable roof, three bays, brick construction, datestone, and tall, narrow windows. The former Plains School has historical associative value as it relates to the theme of education within the City of Kitchener. The property and schoolhouse served the rural population of the surrounding area, providing education to generations of local children for over 100 years. This institution would have served an essential role in the growing community during the nineteenth century. The former Plains School has contextual value for its historical and physical ĭƚƓƓĻĭƷźƚƓƭ Ʒƚ tƌğźƓƭ wƚğķ͵ ŷĻ ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷǤ͸ƭ triangular shaped parcel and siting parallel to Plains Road is characteristic of the historical lot pattern established by the regular grid of the concessions which are bisected by the diagonal alignment of Plains Road. The naming of the school Ǟğƭ ƌźƓƉĻķ Ʒƚ ƷŷĻ ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷǤ͸ƭ ƌƚĭğƷźƚƓ ƚƓ Plains Road. Page 147 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 142 Heritage Attributes Key exterior elements that contribute to the heritage value as a representative example of a schoolhouse type include its: Simple form and massing, modest scale with a single storey height and rectangular plan Front gable roof Symmetrical façade with three bays Brick construction 5ğƷĻƭƷƚƓĻ ƷŷğƷ ƩĻğķƭͲ ͻ{/Ihh\[ {ĻĭƷźƚƓ bƚ Ќ ЊБАЋ͵ͼ Tall and narrow 6/6 hung windows The row of spruce trees along Plains Road Key exterior elements that contribute to the contextual heritage value are: The triangular parcel created by the diagonal alignment of Plains Road The siting of the building on the parcel oriented and parallel to Plains Road Page 148 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 143 6.5 271 Reidel Drive Ontario Regulation 9/06 The evaluation of the subject property at 271 Reidel Drive using the criteria set out in Ontario Regulation 9/06 is presented below. Evaluation Criteria Response 1. The property has design value or physical value because it is a No rare, unique, representative or early example of a style, type, expression, material or construction method. 2. The property has design value or physical value because it No displays a high degree of craftsmanship or artistic merit. 3. The property has design value or physical value because it No demonstrates a high degree of technical or scientific achievement. 4. The property has historical value or associative value because it No has direct associations with a theme, event, belief, person, activity, organization or institution that is significant to a community. 5. The property has historical value or associative value because it No yields, or has the potential to yield, information that contributes to an understanding of a community or culture. 6. The property has historical value or associative value because it No demonstrates or reflects the work or ideas of an architect, artist, builder, designer or theorist who is significant to a community. 7. The property has contextual value because it is important in No defining, maintaining or supporting the character of an area. 8. The property has contextual value because it is physically, No functionally, visually or historically linked to its surroundings. 9. The property has contextual value because it is a landmark. No Due to the fire and subsequent clearing of the property of its historical structures the property no longer has features which expresses any cultural heritage value. The property continues to be used for agricultural purposes and very limited Page 149 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 144 evidence of a nineteenth-century property remains in the plantings along Reidel Road such as lilac bushes. These features do not exhibit design or physical values, historical or associative value, or contextual value within the framework of Ontario Regulation 9/06. While the property is associated with the Goodfellow, Wismer, and Weber families, a review of the local histories did not reveal any outstanding association between this property, its inhabitants, and their role in the community. Based on available information, it has been determined that 271 Reidel Drive does not meet Ontario Regulation 9/06 criteria. Page 150 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 145 7.0 Proposed Development The following sections provide more detailed information regarding the proposed project undertaking and analysis of the potential impacts on the subject properties and roads with identified cultural heritage value or interest. 7.1 Description of Proposed Development Archaeological Services Inc. has reviewed the Land Use Scenarios for the Dundee Secondary Plan prepared by the City of Kitchener (dated May 12, 2025). Figure 88 shows the Land Use Scenarios and the locations of the subject roads and subject properties. The proposed development is for a mixed-use community containing low-, medium-, and high-density residential properties; an urban centre; institutional properties; mixed-use properties; commercial properties; parks and open space; stormwater management facilities; nodes and corridors; cultural heritage resources; and natural heritage areas. Currently two land use scenarios ğƩĻ ƦƩĻƭĻƓƷĻķ ŅƚƩ ĭƚƓƭźķĻƩğƷźƚƓͲ \[ğƓķ ƭĻ {ĭĻƓğƩźƚ ͷ!͸ ğƓķ \[ğƓķ ƭĻ {ĭĻƓğƩźƚ ͷ.͸͵ The scenarios depict approximate land use locations which will be refined through on-going technical work. The following definitions were provided for the land use typologies in the Secondary Plan at the Dundee Secondary Plan Public Engagement Meeting No. 2 held on May 28, 2025: Low Density Residential: Accommodate a range of low-density dwelling types (i.e. single detached, duplex, semidetached, street townhouse, cluster townhouse) on a range of lot sizes. RES-1 through RES-5 in the current Zoning By-law. Medium Density Residential: Accommodate medium density dwelling types (cluster and stacked townhouses, medium rise multiple dwelling) and some complementary non-residential uses in medium rise residential areas. RES-6 in the current Zoning By-law. Page 151 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 146 High Density Residential: Accommodate high density dwelling types and a range of complementary non-residential uses in high rise residential areas. RES-7 in the current Zoning By-law. Dundee Urban Centre: A new core area which is a destination for Dundee and surrounding communities. Includes a range and mix of uses that enables and supports high(er) density. Includes community amenities and services, recreational facilities, arts and culture opportunities. Institutional: Range of institutional uses that are primarily of community scale such as educational establishments, community facilities, etc. Mixed-use: Accommodate a variety of uses such as retail, commercial, or institutional that are compatible within mixed-use buildings and mixed-use developments. MIX-1 through MIX-3 in the current Zoning By-law. Commercial: A range of retail and service commercial uses catering to daily and weekly needs of surrounding neighbourhoods. Parks and Open Space: To provide a comprehensive and connected parkland and open space system. Stormwater Management Facilities: Stormwater management facilities including stormwater ponds and infiltration galleries that provide multiple ecological benefits and support water resource systems. Nodes/Corridors: A range of uses including medium to high density residential, mixed use, and commercial. Natural Heritage: Protects natural heritage features such as wetlands, woodlands, valleylands, etc. and their ecological functions (City of Kitchener, 2025a). Page 152 of 326 ASI Page 153 of 326 2025) (City of dated May 16, e Dundee Secondary Plan (plans Figure 88: Land Use Scenarios for thKitchener, 2025) Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 147 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 148 7.2 Impact Assessment The following provides a high-level assessment of impacts of the proposed Dundee Secondary Plan on resources determined to be of cultural heritage value or interest (as identified in Section 6.0). 7.2.1 Plains Road Land Use Scenario A (Figure 89) and Land Use Scenario B (Figure 90) have the potential to result in the following impacts: Both scenarios will introduce new land uses along the south side of Plains Road, resulting in the potential to alter the context of the road as a historical scenic corridor. The segment of the road within the Dundee Secondary Plan currently maintains the diagonal alignment that was once continuous between Trussler Road and Huron Road. To the north and within a newly developed subdivision, the alignment has been commemorated through a series of parks placed strategically within the subdivision to the north and is also planned to integrate commemoration into the sidewalks. South of this segment Plains Road continues to demonstrate significant features such as the narrow two-lane alignment, rural cross section, undulating topography, open driving experience with narrow ditches, situated within a rural countryside, containing agricultural fields and original pioneer farmsteads. In both scenarios, this segment of Plains Road will continue to function as a circulation network. It is yet to be determined whether Plains Road will continue to provide vehicular access or if it will be converted to a trail or similar use. Both scenarios involve the retention of the schoolhouse building which supports commemoration of the historic alignment and historical associations with a rural countryside and maintain the current pattern of low-density residential properties on the south side. Page 154 of 326 ASI Page 155 of 326 Figure 90: Land Use Scenario B in the vicinity of Plains Road (City of Kitchener, 2025a) Kitchener, 2025a) Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 149 Figure 89: Land Use Scenario A in the vicinity of Plains Road (City of Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 150 7.2.2 Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive Land Use Scenario A (Figure 91) and Land Use Scenario B (Figure 92) have the potential to result in the following impacts: Both scenarios will introduce new land uses along the west side of Reidel Road, resulting in the potential to remove and/or dramatically alter the context of the road as a historical scenic corridor that offers views across an undulating open landscape, comprised of roadside vegetation and with views of the Blair Creek natural heritage feature in the background (Figure 93). From Reidel Drive, long views across the rolling terrain towards the wooded hills will be lost, diminishing the immersive experience of the physical environment. The introduction of low density residential along the west side of Reidel Drive and the introduction of a medium density block near the Blair Creek natural heritage feature (Scenario B) particularly has the potential to alter the context of the road and adversely impact the associated viewshed. It is recognized that the placement of a storm water management pond and park along the west side of Reidel Road presents opportunities for maintaining an evolved and generally open landscape character, particularly in and around the vicinity of the previous location of 271 Reidel Drive. The stormwater management facility can allow for native restoration plant material to reinforce the existing plant communities in the preserved natural areas. In both scenarios, both Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive will continue to function as circulation networks. They are not proposed to function as a major collector road, which is appropriate given the results of work presented herein. In both scenarios, Reidel Drive will become a private road to the north of the new Blair Creek Road extension. The conversion of Stauffer Drive to trail use presents a good strategy for maintaining the road right-of-way as a scenic heritage corridor. Both scenarios establish a long-term strategy to maintain vehicular access to 500 Stauffer Drive; this is a positive outcome as on-going access greatly Page 156 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 151 supports the long-term viability of the resource to continue to be occupied and utilized. Both scenarios propose two trailheads (one on Reidel Drive in the vicinity of 271 Reidel Drive and one at the intersection of Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive), providing east-west pedestrian access and connections across the landscape, wending around the Blair Creek natural heritage feature that is proposed for retention. These are positive elements of both scenarios and which support retention of these roads as scenic corridors. Trail systems present opportunities for interpretive programming, public art, or landscaping treatments that can assist in communicating the history and evolution of the area and enhancing the context and character of the scenic heritage road network. Both scenarios propose the introduction of a school and park, both of which present opportunities for interpretive programming, public art, or landscaping treatments that can assist in communicating the history and evolution of the area and enhancing the context and character of the scenic heritage road network. Page 157 of 326 ASI Page 158 of 326 Figure 92: Land Use Scenario B in the vicinity of Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive (City of Kitchener, 2025a) Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 152 Figure 91: Land Use Scenario A in the vicinity of Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive (City of Kitchener, 2025a) Page 159 of 326 the Identified Viewshed overlaid. Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 153 Figure 93: The Land Use Scenarios with Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 154 7.2.3 1878 New Dundee Road Land Use Scenario A (Figure 94) and Land Use Scenario B (Figure 95) have the potential to result in the following impacts: Both scenarios propose retention of the nineteenth-century farmhouse located at 1878 New Dundee Road which is appropriate based on the results of work presented herein. In both scenarios, it is likely that access to the property would be altered, with the entrance drive from New Dundee Road removed and reestablished in an alternate location. Overall, this type of alteration is not significantly adverse and particularly in the context of ongoing retention of the nineteenth-century farmhouse extant on the lot. Both scenarios will introduce new land uses and context along the New Dundee Road frontage, either in the form of low density residential or medium density residential. In the context of proposed retention of the nineteenth-century farmhouse, these changes are not considered significantly adverse. Page 160 of 326 ASI Page 161 of 326 in the vicinity of 1878 Figure 95: Land Use Scenario B New Dundee Road (City of Kitchener, 2025a) in the vicinity of 1878 Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 155 Figure 94: Land Use Scenario A New Dundee Road (City of Kitchener, 2025a) Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 156 7.2.4 1970 Plains Road Land Use Scenario A (Figure 96) and Land Use Scenario B (Figure 97) have the potential to result in the following impacts: Both scenarios involve retention of the schoolhouse building which is appropriate based on the results of work presented herein. This also involves maintaining the extant access to the property, which is important to ensure its long-term viability as an occupiable structure. Contextually, both scenarios do not introduce significantly adverse impacts to the property at 1970 Plains Road. . Page 162 of 326 ASI Page 163 of 326 in the vicinity of 1970 Figure 97: Land Use Scenario B Plains Road (City of Kitchener, 2025a) in the vicinity of 1970 Kitchener, 2025a) Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 157 Figure 96: Land Use Scenario A Plains Road (City of Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 158 7.2.5 500 Stauffer Drive Land Use Scenario A (Figure 98) and Land Use Scenario B (Figure 99) has the potential to result in the following impacts: In both scenarios, long-term access to the property is maintained. Additionally, the retention of the Blair Creek natural heritage feature provides an appropriate context and landscaped buffer adjacent to the designated property. Both of these interventions represent appropriate approaches to positively support conservation of the subject property. Siting of a stormwater management facility adjacent to the property is an appropriate response as it presents an opportunity to maintain an open landscape character adjacent to the designated property and allow for native restoration plant material to reinforce the existing plant communities in the preserved natural areas. Both scenarios contemplate the introduction of low-density residential land uses adjacent to the designated property. These introductions have the potential to result in adverse impacts through the introduction of visual, audible or atmospheric elements not in keeping with the setting of the resource. The new proposed Strasburg Road will bisect the designated property, isolating a small portion of the northwest corner of the property. Impacts of this road have been addressed through a Heritage Impact Assessment completed for 500 Stauffer Drive as part of the Professional Services for Strasburg Road South (Terminus to New Dundee Road) Detailed Design project (Archaeological Services Inc., 2024b). Page 164 of 326 ASI Page 165 of 326 Figure 99: Land Use Scenario B in the vicinity of 500 Stauffer Drive (City of Kitchener, 2025a) Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 159 Figure 98: Land Use Scenario A in the vicinity of 500 Stauffer Drive (City of Kitchener, 2025a) Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 160 8.0 Conclusions and Recommendations Based on the results of the evaluations conducted as part of this Heritage Impact Assessment, the following resources of cultural heritage value or interest are located within the Dundee Secondary Plan area: The rural road network consisting of Reidel Drive, between 400 metres north of its intersection with New Dundee Road and Stauffer Drive, and Stauffer Drive, consisting of: the public road between 500 Stauffer Drive and just west of Caryndale Drive; and the portion from Caryndale Drive to Tilt Drive which has been converted to and integrated into a pedestrian trail network; A farmhouse building at 1878 New Dundee Road; A former school located at 1970 Plains Road; and 500 Stauffer Drive. The following recommendations have been developed based on the results of the analysis presented herein: 1. Pursue a land use scenario that retains the cultural heritage value or interest related to 1878 New Dundee Road, 1970 Plains Road, 500 Stauffer Drive, and Reidel Drive/Stauffer Drive Heritage Corridor. 2. Plains Road a. To conserve the alignment of Plains Road through the Dundee Secondary Plan the preferred land use scenario, any road improvements or closures planned should maintain its historical alignment. b. The retention of the schoolhouse building at 1970 Plains Road supports commemoration of the historic alignment and historical associations. Additional commemoration may be appropriate to develop and implement as part of the Secondary Plan and which may Page 166 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 161 involve continuing the commemoration strategy implemented to the northeast in the Wallaceton Estates area. c. The area outside of the Secondary Plan to the southwest, in particular Plains Road from Fischer-Hallman Road to Trussler Road, appears to retain several scenic road elements and is surrounded by an agricultural landscape context. It is recommended that this portion of Plains Road continue to be recognized as a cultural heritage landscape and further study be undertaken to confirm whether it should be identified as a Heritage Corridor in the City of YźƷĭŷĻƓĻƩ͸ƭ Official Plan. 3. Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive Heritage Corridor a. Road right-of-way improvements to Reidel Drive should be limited. For example, the existing cross-section of Reidel Drive should be maintained from Stauffer Drive to 400 metres north of its intersection with New Dundee Road. b. Conservation of the cultural heritag values of the Reidel Drive/Stauffer Drive corridors may include establishment of a vegetated buffer to visually screen new development from the road corridors. For example, the City should consider implementing a 18m wide no cut/no fill tree preservation/restoration zone beyond the Reidel Drive right-of-way that would allow for native shrubs and at least a double row of large growing native or non-invasive shade trees, typical of Ecodistrict 6e-1 (Stratford) and appropriate for the microclimate of the particular site (The Ecosystems of Ontario, Part 1: Ecozones and Ecoregions, and The Ecosystems of Ontario, Part 2: Ecodistricts both from the Ministry of Natural Resources). c. An approximate 18m wide tree restoration zone on the west side of Reidel Drive is recommended to support introduction of native specimens typical of a Beech-Maple climax forest as seen in the nearby climax forest at Stauffer Drive and Caryndale Drive. This native ecosystem while also accounting for tree selections, should also be considered for other wood plants that will best thrive in the Page 167 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 162 future expected environment. Generally 45m³ of soil is preferred for a large stature tree such as a Maple. Accordingly, to support introduction of a double row of Maples along Reidel Drive and to accommodate their growth and maturation over time including projected drip line of the tree crown, an approximate buffer of 18 m would be required to optimize health of the specimens. A double row is recommended to provide an effective visual and atmospheric buffer between the proposed low-density residential land uses and the Reidel Drive right-of-way. A double row of tree plantings supports future-proofing and resilience of the specimens; an 18m buffer to accommodate a double row of trees provides adequate space for underplanting once trees mature and allows for replacement plantings in the event of tree loss due to age, insects or disease. d. Another strategy that may be considered could include an open space allocation adjacent to the south side of the Blair Creek natural heritage feature. The purpose of this area would be to support heritage conservation objectives related to the Reidel Road and Stauff Drive Heritage Corridor. This allocation could focus on introducing passive trail uses and with an emphasis on a naturalization strategy, such as an early succession native meadow landscape. This could also provide an opportunity to enhance the trail connectivity along the south side of the Blair Creek feature and retain visual experiences of this undulating and unique moraine landscape from Reidel Drive. Such a strategy would require reducing the northerly limits of the storm water management pond and relocating the trail head northerly along Reidel Drive. Interpretative elements could be integrated at the trailhead and/or along the trail to promote understanding of the moraine landscape and its evolution over time, relationship Ʒƚ ƷŷĻ ĭƚƒƒǒƓźƷǤ͸s water supply and quality, and transition from an agriculturally-modified landscape st during the 21 century. Page 168 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 163 e. Additionally, the proposed low density residential land uses should front on the new collector roads rather than Reidel Drive. Introduction of new vehicular access points along Reidel Drive should be avoided or minimized. f. The use of lighting within the Dundee Secondary Plan with cut-offs is preferred and in relation to Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive. Lighting with cut-offs provides the best glare control, as the lateral extension of light is controlled, resulting in darkening of the area around the road. The portion of Reidel Drive that is to be converted to private access to 500 Stauffer Drive should maintain the current lighting conditions (i.e. no lighting) unless, through the municipal review process it is determined that public-scale lighting is required to address public safety concerns. Consideration should also be given to ƒƚķźŅǤźƓŭ ƷŷĻ ƌźŭŷƷźƓŭ ǞğǝĻƌĻƓŭƷŷƭ ͻƌĻƭƭ ğƷƷƩğĭƷźǝĻ ƚƩ ķźƭƩǒƦƷźǝĻ Ʒƚ ǞźƌķƌźŅĻͼ ΛŷƷƷƦƭʹΉΉƦƌğƭŭğźƓ͵ĭƚƒ͵ğǒ/the-impact-of-street-lighting-on- urban-wildlife/). g. Ensure an appropriate balance of maintaining public and private access along Reidel Drive, ensuring that both 500 Stauffer Drive has a long-term access strategy and that the public can continue to access Reidel Drive and Stauffer Drive so their function as scenic heritage corridors can continue. Where new trail systems are introduced with access from Reidel Drive and/or Stauffer Drive and within proposed school and park uses to the west of Reidel Drive, interpretative or commemorative programming, public art, or landscaping treatments should be integrated. 4. 1878 New Dundee Road a. Ensure appropriate vehicular access to the farmhouse building is maintained to ensure long-term viability and occupancy of the structure. The preferred land use scenario should maintain the existing residential building. Page 169 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 164 5. 1970 Plains Road a. The preferred land use scenario should retain the existing building and maintain vehicular access to the structure. Any road źƒƦƩƚǝĻƒĻƓƷƭ ƭŷƚǒƌķ ƒğźƓƷğźƓ ƷŷĻ Ʃƚğķ͸ƭ ĻǣźƭƷźƓŭ ğƌźŭƓƒĻƓƷ ğƓķ should be mitigated through a commemoration strategy. 6. 500 Stauffer Drive In addition to the mitigation measures related to the new proposed Strasburg Road provided in the property specific Heritage Impact Assessment (Archaeological Services Inc., 2024b), the following is recommended: Lands East of Strasburg Road Extension a. Limit or re-site the low-density residential land uses adjacent to the ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷǤͲ ƦğƩƷźĭǒƌğƩƌǤ ķźƩĻĭƷƌǤ ƭƚǒƷŷ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷǤ͸ƭ ĭǒƩƩĻƓƷ driveway. b. A vegetative buffer consisting of a single row of large deciduous shade tree plantings typical of a nineteenth-century farmstead may be an appropriate strategy along the southern and western edges of the property to visually separate future residential land uses. If a more opaque visual screen is necessary that includes coniferous trees such as Norway Spruce (Picae abies), the planting area may need to include a larger setback from the road to plant woody species that are tolerant of salts to help mitigate aerosolized road salts (https://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/5/2/25). c. The proposed off-road trails along the southern edge of the property present an appropriate strategy for maintaining a compatible landscape context surrounding the designated property. Interpretive or commemorative programming should be considered for integration throughout the trail system. Page 170 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 165 Lands West of Strasburg Road Extension d. To support implementation of the above modifications to the land use scenarios, and given the introduction of the Strasburg Road extension, the City should consider amending the designation by-law to exclude the northwest corner of the property which will ultimately be bisected by the Strasburg Road extension. This area might then be able to accommodate other proposed land uses. The above recommendations are consistent with general approaches for reducing or avoiding adverse impacts to identified cultural heritage resources, and which often include consideration of the following strategies. Avoidance and mitigation to allow development to proceed while retaining heritage resources in situ and intact. Adaptive re-use of a built heritage structure. Alternative development approaches to conserve and enhance a significant heritage resource. Avoidance protocols to isolating development and land use alterations to minimize impacts on significant built and natural features and vistas. Historical commemoration of the cultural heritage of a property/structure/area, historical commemoration by way of interpretive plaques. Architectural design guidelines for buildings on adjacent and nearby lots to help integrate and harmonize mass, setback, and materials. Limiting height and density of buildings on adjacent and nearby lots. Ensuring compatible lot patterns, situating parks and stormwater ponds near a heritage resource. Vegetation buffer zones, tree planting, site plan control and other planning mechanisms. Allowing only compatible infill and additions. Preparation of conservation, restoration, and adaptive reuse plans as necessary. Page 171 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 166 Heritage Designation and/or development of Heritage Conservation Easements agreements as necessary. Conservation of natural heritage features and environmentally significant areas where they contribute to the cultural heritage values or interest of resources. Development of heritage conservation guidelines and policies for the Secondary Plan area to ensure appropriate relationships between new residential buildings and residential built heritage resources. Development of new street patterns and zoning bylaws which consider the existing cultural heritage of the area, ensuring that properties and roads with cultural heritage value are not only conserved but recognized as assets within the community. Page 172 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 167 9.0 List of Resources Consulted Archaeological Services Inc. (2012). Cultural Heritage Assessment Report: Built IĻƩźƷğŭĻ wĻƭƚǒƩĭĻƭ ğƓķ /ǒƌƷǒƩğƌ IĻƩźƷğŭĻ \[ğƓķƭĭğƦĻƭ 9ǣźƭƷźƓŭ /ƚƓķźƷźƚƓƭΓ Assessment of Impacts Report Strasburg Road Extension From 500 m north of Stauffer Drive to New Dundee Road City of Kitchener, Ontario (C.H.A.R. 10EA- 057). Archaeological Services Inc. (2024a). Cultural Heritage Documentation Report 500 Stauffer Drive City of Kitchener, Ontario. Archaeological Services Inc. (2024b). Heritage Impact Assessment 500 Stauffer Drive City of Kitchener, Ontario. Archaeological Services Inc., (A.S.I.). (2006). Historical Overview and Assessment of Archaeological Potential Don River Watershed, City of Toronto. Birch, J., Manning, S. W., Sanft, S., & Conger, M. A. (2021). Refined Radiocarbon Chronologies for Northern Iroquoian Site Sequences: Implications for Coalescence, Conflict, and the Reception of European Goods. American Antiquity, БЏΛЊΜͲ ЏЊΑБВ͵ Birch, J., & Williamson, R. F. (2013). The Mantle Site: An Archaeological History of an Ancestral Wendat Community. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Bloomfield, E. (1995a). Waterloo Township Through Two Centuries. Waterloo Historical Society. Bloomfield, E. (1995b). Waterloo Township Through Two Centuries. Waterloo Historical Society. Bloomfield, E., & Foster, L. (1995). Waterloo Township Schools, 1842-1972. Caribou Imprints. https://archive.org/details/waterlootownship00bloo/page/30/mode/2up?q=Bryd on Page 173 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 168 .ƩƚǞƓͲ W͵ ΛЊВВЎΜ͵ hƓ aƚƩƷǒğƩǤ !ƓğƌǤƭźƭ Α ǞźƷŷ {ƦĻĭźğƌ wĻŅĻƩĻƓĭĻ Ʒƚ ƷŷĻ {ğǣĻΏ Binford Research Program. In L. A. Beck (Ed.), Regional Approaches to Mortuary !ƓğƌǤƭźƭ ΛƦƦ͵ ЌΑЋЌΜ͵ tƌĻƓǒƒ tƩĻƭƭ͵ Canadian Map Publishing Company. (1908). Map of the County of Waterloo \[Map\]. Canadian Map Publishing Company. https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/41ec7314e6b04f3c92535380730e776b /page/Waterloo-Region Carson Woods Architects Limited. (2007). Becker Estates Heritage Impact Assessment Proposed Plan of Subdivision for Huron Road Plains Road and Fischer- Hallman Road. Carson Woods Architects Limited. (2008). Becker Estates Heritage Impact Assessment 1940 Fischer-Hallman Road Proposed Plan of Subdivision for Huron Road Plains Road and Fischer-Hallman Road Consideration of Alternatives, Mitigation and Conservation Methods. Chapman, L. J., & Putnam, F. (1984). The Physiography of Southern Ontario (3rd ed., Vol. 2). Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. City of Kitchener. (1996). Cultural Heritage Resource Evaluation Form: 1878 New Dundee Road. City of Kitchener. (2008). Statement of Significance: 271 Reidel Drive. City of Kitchener. (2010). Statement of Significance: 1970 Fischer Hallman Road. City of Kitchener. (2014). City of Kitchener Cultural Heritage Landscapes \[CHL Inventory\]. The Landplan Collaborative, Goldsmith Borgal & Company Ltd, and Archaeological Services Inc. https://www.kitchener.ca/en/resourcesGeneral/Documents/DSD_PLAN_CHL_Stu dy_Report.pdf Page 174 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 169 City of Kitchener. (2019). City of Kitchener Official Plan, Consolidated 2019. https://www.kitchener.ca/en/resourcesGeneral/Documents/DSD_PLAN_City_of_ Kitchener_Official_Plan_2014.pdf City of Kitchener. (2024a). City of Kitchener Index of Non-Designated Properties of Heritage Value or Interest. https://www.kitchener.ca/en/resourcesGeneral/Documents/COR_LEG_Index_of_ Non-Designated_Properties.pdf City of Kitchener. (2024b). City of Kitchener Part IV Designated Property Index. https://www.kitchener.ca/en/resourcesGeneral/Documents/COR_LEG_Part_IV_D esignated_Property_Index.pdf City of Kitchener. (2024cΜ͵ IĻƩźƷğŭĻ LƒƦğĭƷ !ƭƭĻƭƭƒĻƓƷΓĻƩƒƭ ƚŅ wĻŅĻƩĻƓĭĻ͵ City of Kitchener. (2025a). Dundee Secondary Plan Public Engagement Meeting No. 2. City of Kitchener. (2025b). Kitchener Heritage Inventory \[Dataset\]. Kitchener GeoHub. https://open- kitchenergis.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/KitchenerGIS::heritage-properties City of Kitchener Local Architectural Conservation Advisory Committee. (1994). Kitchener Scenic Roads Study. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources. (1975). Ayr Sheet \[Topographic\]. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources. (1976). Kitchener-Breslau \[Map\]. Department of Militia and Defence. (1916). Galt, Ontario. Map Sheet 040P08 (1st ed.) \[Topographic Map\]. Department of National Defence. (1936). Topographic Map, Galt Sheet (4th ed.) \[Map\]. Page 175 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 170 Dodd, C. F., Poulton, D. R., Lennox, P. A., Smith, D. G., & Warrick, G. A. (1990). The Middle Ontario Iroquoian Stage. In C. J. Ellis & N. Ferris (Eds.), The Archaeology of {ƚǒƷŷĻƩƓ hƓƷğƩźƚ Ʒƚ !͵5͵ ЊЏЎЉ ΛƦƦ͵ ЌЋЊΑ360). Ontario Archaeological Society Inc. Duff, L. B. (1928). Huron Road Centennial. Sixteenth Annual Report of the Waterloo Historical Society. https://www.whs.ca/wp- content/uploads/2015/11/1928.pdf Edwards, T. W. D., & Fritz, P. (1988). Stable-Isotope Paleoclimate Records from Southern Ontario, Canada: Comparison of Results from Marl and Wood. Canadian WƚǒƩƓğƌ ƚŅ 9ğƩƷŷ {ĭźĻƓĭĻƭͲ ЋЎͲ ЊЌВАΑЊЍЉЏ͵ Ellis, C. J., & Deller, D. B. (1990). Paleo-Indians. In C. J. Ellis & N. Ferris (Eds.), The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650 (pp. ЌАΑЏЍΜ͵ hƓƷğƩźƚ !ƩĭŷğĻƚƌƚŭźĭğƌ Society Inc. Ellis, C. J., Kenyon, I. T., & Spence, M. W. (1990). The Archaic. In C. J. Ellis & N. Ferris (Eds.), The Archaeology of Southern hƓƷğƩźƚ Ʒƚ !͵5͵ ЊЏЎЉ ΛƦƦ͵ ЏЎΑЊЋЍΜ͵ Ontario Archaeological Society Inc. Ellis, C. J., Timmins, P. A., & Martelle, H. (2009). At the Crossroads and Periphery: The Archaic Archaeological Record of Southern Ontario. In T. D. Emerson, D. L. McElrath, & A. C. Fortier (Eds.), Archaic Societies: Diversity and Complexity across ƷŷĻ aźķĭƚƓƷźƓĻƓƷ͵ ΛƦƦ͵ АБАΑБЌАΜ͵ {tate University of New York Press. Evans, W. W. (1884). Waterloo County Gazetteer and Directory for 1884-1885. Hill & Weir. https://makinghistory.kpl.org/media/Directories/Directory-Waterloo- 1884-1885.pdf Ferris, N. (2013). Place, Space, and Dwelling in the Late Woodland. In M. K. Munson & S. M. Jamieson (Eds.), Before Ontario: The Archaeology of a Province ΛƦƦ͵ ВВΑЊЊЊΜ͵ aĭDźƌƌΏvǒĻĻƓ͸ƭ ƓźǝĻƩƭźƷǤ tƩĻƭƭ͵ http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt32b7n5.15 Page 176 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 171 Filice, M. (2016). Haldimand Proclamation. Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/haldimand-proclamation Filice, M. (2018). Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada. In The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/haldimand- proclamation DƚǝĻƩƓƒĻƓƷ ƚŅ /ğƓğķğ͵ ΛЋЉЊЏΜ͵ ƩĻğƷǤ ĻǣƷƭΓ ƦƦĻƩ /ğƓğķğ \[ğƓķ {ǒƩƩĻƓķĻƩƭ͵ Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. https://www.aadnc- aandc.gc.ca/eng/1370372152585/1370372222012#ucls17 Government of Ontario. (2010). Standards and Guidelines for Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties: Standards & Guidelines. Government of Ontario. (2014). Standards & Guidelines for Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties: Heritage Identification & Evaluation Process. GSP Group. (2018). Plains Road Commemoration Design Brief. Hunting Survey Corporation Limited. (1954). 1954 Air Photos of Southern Ontario \[Map\]. Irwin and Burnham. (1867). Gazeteer and Directory of the County of Waterloo 1867. Irwin and Burnham Publishers. https://makinghistory.kpl.org/media/Directories/Directory-Waterloo-1867.pdf Janusas, S. (1988). Archaeological Perspective of a Historic Overview of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo. Regional Municipality of Waterloo Planning and Development Department. Johnston, C. M. (1964). The Valley of the Six Nations: A Collection of Documents on the Indian Lands of the Grand River. University of Toronto Press. Library and Archives Canada. (1861). 1861 Census of Canada. Library and Archives Canada. Page 177 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 172 Library and Archives Canada. (1871). Census of Canada (Province of Ontario, York East, Markham Township (District 45); Schedule 1; Roll: C-9969; Page 75, Line 18 - Page 76, Line 2). https://central.bac- lac.gc.ca/.item/?app=Census1871&op=img&id=4396341_00348 Library and Archives Canada. (1881). Census of Canada. https://www.bac- lac.gc.ca/eng/census/1881/Pages/about-census.aspx Library and Archives Canada. (1891). 1891 Census of Canada. Library and Archives Canada. Library and Archives Canada. (1901). 1901 Census of Canada. Library and Archives Canada. Library and Archives Canada. (1911). 1911 Census of Canada. Library and Archives Canada. Library and Archives Canada. (1921). 1921 Census of Canada. Library and Archives Canada. Lytwyn, V. P. (2005). Historical research report: Aboriginal Settlement and Use of the North Pickering Development Planning Area and Adjacent Lands, 1690-1923. McIlwraith, T. (1997). Looking for Old Ontario. University of Toronto Press. MHBC. (2013). Groh Drive (South) City of Kitchener Scenic Corridor Enhancement Design Guidelines. Mills, K. (1996). Building Evaluation Form: 1878 New Dundee Road. Kitchener Local Architectural Conservation Advisory Committee. Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism. (2025). Ontario Heritage Tool Kit. https://www.ontario.ca/page/ontario-heritage-tool-kit#section-2 Page 178 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 173 Ministry of Citizenship and Multiculturalism, M. C. M. (2017). Information Bulletin No. 3: Heritage Impact Assessments for Provincial Heritage Properties. Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing. (2024). Provincial Planning Statement, 2024, Under the Planning Act. YźƓŭ͸ƭ tƩźƓƷĻƩ ŅƚƩ hƓƷğƩźƚ͵ https://www.ontario.ca/files/2024-08/mmah-provincial-planning-statement-en- 2024-08-19.pdf MMM Group Ltd. (n.d.). Scenic Corridor Enhancement Plan Design Guidelines Stauffer Woods Development Past 2, Stages 1-4 & 7 Activa Group. Moffat, R. (1984). Stone Houses: Stepping Stones Prom the Past. Boston Mills Press; Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/stonehousesstepp0000moff Natural Resources Canada. (1998). Cambridge 40 P/8 Edition 9 \[Map\]. O.L.R.A. (n.d.a). Abstract/Parcel Register Book, Waterloo (58), Waterloo, Plan .ĻğƭƌĻǤ͸ƭ bĻǞ {ǒƩǝĻǤ͵ hƓƷğƩźƚ \[ğƓķ wĻŭźƭƷƩǤ !ĭĭĻƭƭ͵ https://www.onland.ca/ui/58/books/84862/viewer/822260011?page=17 O.L.R.A. (n.d.b). Abstract/Parcel Register Book, Waterloo (58), Waterloo, Tract 6; \[ƚǞĻƩ .ƌƚĭƉͳ .ĻğƭƌĻǤ͸ƭ bĻǞ {ǒƩǝĻǤ͵ hƓƷğƩźƚ \[ğƓķ wĻŭźƭƷƩǤ !ĭĭĻƭƭ͵ https://www.onland.ca/ui/58/books/85187/viewer/841191976?page=1 Ontario Department of Education. (1909). Plans for Rural School Buldings. L.K. Cameron; The Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/plansforruralsch00ontauoft Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. c. O.18 \[as Amended in 2024\] (1990). Ontario Heritage Trust. (2006). The Red Brick School. Ontario Heritage Trust. https://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/pages/programs/provincial-plaque- program/provincial-plaque-background-papers/red-brick-school Page 179 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 174 Ontario Heritage Trust. (n.d.). Ontario Heritage Act Register. https://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/en/pages/tools/ontario-heritage-act-register Parks Canada. (2010). Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic tƌğĭĻƭ źƓ /ğƓğķğ͵ /ğƓğķğ͸ƭ IźƭƷƚƩźĭ tƌğĭĻƭ͵ https://www.historicplaces.ca/media/18072/81468-parks-s+g-eng-web2.pdf Parsell & Co., H. (1881). Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Waterloo \[Map\]. Planning Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. P.13 (1990). Ray, A. J. (2005). I Have Lived Here Since the World Began: An Illustrated history ƚŅ /ğƓğķğ͸ƭ bğƷźǝĻ tĻƚƦƌĻ͵ YĻǤ tƚƩƷĻƩ .ƚƚƉƭ͵ Region of Waterloo. (2015). Regional Official Plan. https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/en/regional-government/land-use- planning.aspx Rogers, E. S. (1962). The Round Lake Ojibwa. Royal Ontario Museum. Rogers, E. S., & Smith, D. B. (Eds.). (1994). Aboriginal Ontario: Historical Perspectives on the First Nations. Dundurn Press. Six Nations of the Grand River. (2020). LaƓķ wźŭŷƷƭΓ! DƌƚĬğƌ {ƚƌǒƷźƚƓ ŅƚƩ ƷŷĻ {źǣ Nations of the Grand River. Six Nations Lands & Resources Department. https://www.tidridge.com/uploads/3/8/4/1/3841927/snglobalsolutions-web.pdf Spence, M. W., Pihl, R. H., & Murphy, C. (1990). Cultural Complexes of the Early and Middle Woodland Periods. In C. J. Ellis & N. Ferris (Eds.), The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650. Ontario Archaeological Society Inc. Stantec Consulting Ltd. (2009). Upper Blair Creek Functional Drainage Study. Page 180 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 175 Surtees, R. (1984). Indian Land Surrenders in Ontario 1763-1867. Research Branch, Corporate Policy, Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. The Canada Farmer. (1866). Cheap Country School House. The Canada Farmer, 3(12), 189. Township of Waterloo. (1862). Assessment Roll for the Township of Waterloo. https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSV5-R9Y7- 8?view=index&cc=4130007&lang=en&groupId= Township of Waterloo. (1877). Assessment Roll for the Township of Waterloo. https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C39L-M3V4- J?i=181&cat=151608&cc=4130007&lang=en ƩĻƒğźƓĻͲ D͵ /͵ ΛЊБЏЊΜ͵ ƩĻƒğźƓĻ͸ƭ ağƦ of Waterloo County \[Map\]. George C. Tremaine. ƓźƚƓ tǒĬƌźƭŷźƓŭ /ƚƒƦğƓǤ͵ ΛЊББАΜ͵ ŷĻ ƓźƚƓ tǒĬƌźƭŷźƓŭ /ƚ͵͸ƭ CğƩƒĻƩƭ͸ ğƓķ Business Directory for the Counties of Waterloo and Wellington. https://makinghistory.kpl.org/en/viewer?file=%2fmedia%2fDirectories%2fUnion %20Publishing%20Co-KW-1887.pdf#phrase=false&pagemode=bookmarks Waterloo Region Record. (1987, February 3). Plains Road School. Waterloo Region Record. https://www.newspapers.com/image/993801456/?match=1&terms=%22Plains% 20School%22 Waterloo Region Record. (2009a). Anna Bayer Obituary. Waterloo Region Record. https://obituaries.therecord.com/obituary/anna-bayer-1087801113 Waterloo Region Record. (2009b). John Bayer Obituary. Waterloo Region Record. https://obituaries.therecord.com/obituary/john-bayer-1087795374 Waterloo Township. (1892). Schedule C - Deaths. https://www.ancestry.ca/search/collections/8946/records/1787043 Page 181 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 176 Wilcox, M. (2017). Rural Teachers in Canada. In The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/rural-teachers-in-canada Williamson, R. F. (1990). The Early Iroquoian Period of Southern Ontario. In C. J. Ellis & N. Ferris (Eds.), The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650 (pp. ЋВЊΑЌЋЉΜ͵ hƓƷğƩźƚ !ƩĭŷğĻƚƌƚŭźĭğƌ {ƚĭźĻƷǤ LƓĭ͵ WSP. (2018). Detailed Vegetation Plan & Scenic Corridor Enhancement Plan (Former Hansen Property) Addendum 1: {ƷğǒŅŅĻƩ ƚƚķƭ 5ĻǝĻƌƚƦƒĻƓƷΓtŷğƭĻ ЋͲ Stages 1-4 & 7. Page 182 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 177 Appendix A: Qualified Persons Involved in the Project Rebecca Sciarra, M.A., C.A.H.P. Partner, Director - Cultural Heritage, A.S.I. The Principal-in-Charge for this Heritage Impact Assessment is Rebecca Sciarra (M.A., Canadian Studies). She was responsible for: overall project scoping and approach; development and confirmation of technical findings and study recommendations; application of relevant standards, guidelines and regulations; and implementation of quality control procedures. Rebecca is a Partner and Director of the Cultural Heritage Practice Area. She is responsible for the highest-level management of a busy and diverse team of heritage professionals who apply their expertise across a broad range of public and private sector clientele. Rebecca also provides oversight and quality assurance for all deliverables, maintaining responsive and prompt client communications, and providing heritage clients with a direct connection to corporate ownership. In addition to her role as Director of the Cultural Heritage Division, Rebecca is academically trained in heritage conservation principles and practices. She has led a range of high profile and complex heritage planning and conservation management projects for public and private sector clients. Her experience in both the private and public sectors has involved providing expertise around the strategic development of poliĭźĻƭ ğƓķ ƦƩƚŭƩğƒƭ Ʒƚ ĭƚƓƭĻƩǝĻ hƓƷğƩźƚ͸ƭ cultural heritage resources as part of environmental and land-use planning processes. She has worked with municipal, provincial, federal and private sector clients to lead heritage evaluations and assessment as part of area planning studies, including secondary plans, heritage conservation district studies, and master plans. Rebecca is a member of I.C.O.M.O.S. Canada and the Canadian Association of Heritage Professionals. Page 183 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 178 Kristina Martens, B.A., Dipl. Heritage Conservation Senior Cultural Heritage Specialist, Manager, Area Planning and Building Conservation - Cultural Heritage, A.S.I. The Senior Project Manager for this Heritage Impact Assessment is Kristina Martens (B.A., Diploma Heritage Conservation), who is a Senior Cultural Heritage Specialist and Manager of Area Planning & Building Conservation, Cultural Heritage Practice Area. She was responsible for the day-to-day management activities, including scoping of research activities and site surveys and drafting of study findings and recommendations. She has over ten years of experience in the field of cultural heritage planning and management as a conservator and heritage consultant with Vitreous Glassworks and Taylor Hazell Architects prior to joining A.S.I. in 2018. Kristina brings a cultural landscape focus to the heritage planning process and draws on holistic methods for understanding the interrelationships between natural, built and intangible heritage. Kristina has extensive experience conducting field surveys and heritage analysis, including the comprehensive documentation and evaluation of built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes in urban and rural settings. She brings together her experience in research, project management, documentation, built form and spatial analysis, architectural history, and built heritage conservation with the practical application of Ontario Regulation 9/06 and 10/06 of the Ontario Heritage Act and writing statements of cultural heritage value. Kristina is a graduate of the prestigious Willowbank School. Kirstyn Allam, B.A. (Hon), Advanced Dipl. in Applied Museum Studies, Cultural Heritage Analyst, Project Manager - Cultural Heritage, A.S.I. The Project Manager for this Heritage Impact Assessment is Kirstyn Allam (B.A. (Hon.), Advanced Diploma in Applied Museum Studies), who is a Cultural Heritage Analyst and Project Manager within the Cultural Heritage Practice Area. She was responsible for preparing and contributing to research and technical reporting. YźƩƭƷǤƓ !ƌƌğƒ͸ƭ ĻķǒĭğƷźƚƓ ğƓķ ĻǣƦĻƩźĻƓĭĻ źƓ ĭǒƌƷǒƩğƌ ŷĻƩźƷğŭĻͲ ŷźƭƷƚƩźĭğƌ ƩĻƭĻğƩĭŷͲ archaeology, and collections management has provided her with a deep knowledge and strong understanding of the issues facing the cultural heritage Page 184 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 179 industry and best practices in the field. Kirstyn has experience in heritage conservation principles and practices in cultural resource management, including ƷŷƩĻĻ ǤĻğƩƭ͸ ĻǣƦĻƩźĻƓĭĻ ğƭ ğ ƒĻƒĬĻƩ ƚŅ the Heritage Whitby Advisory Committee. Kirstyn also has experience being involved with Stage 1-4 archaeological excavations in the Province of Ontario. Kirstyn is an intern member of C.A.H.P. Michael Wilcox, P.h.D. Historian - Cultural Heritage, A.S.I. One of the report writers for this Heritage Impact Assessment is Michael Wilcox (P.h.D., History), who is a historian within the Cultural Heritage Practice Area. He was responsible for preparing and contributing to background historical research, reviewing existing heritage inventories, and technical reporting for this project. His current responsibilities focus on identifying and researching historical documents as well as background research, assessment, and evaluation of built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes in Ontario. He has over a decade of combined academic and workplace experience in conducting historical research and crafting reports, presentations, articles, films, and lectures on a wide range of Canadian history topics. Elizabeth Antczak, M.Arch. .ǒźƌķźƓŭ /ƚƓƭĻƩǝğƷźƚƓ !ƓğƌǤƭƷ Α /ǒƌƷǒƩğƌ IĻƩźƷğŭĻͲ !͵{͵L͵ One of the report writers for this Heritage Impact Assessment is Elizabeth Antczak (M.Arch.), who is a Building Conservation Analyst within the Cultural Heritage Practice Area. They were responsible for preparing research and technical reporting. Their role as a Building Conservation Analyst at A.S.I. involves background research, assessment, and evaluation of cultural heritage resources in Ontario, with a focus on architectural attributes. Elizabeth has over a decade of combined academic and workplace experience in architecture, having worked at design firms on projects across a range of scales, from large infrastructure projects to single family residential, as well as in the field of architectural salvage, deconstruction, and material re-use. Page 185 of 326 ASI Heritage Impact Assessment Dundee Secondary Plan City of Kitchener, Ontario Page 180 Mark T. Steele, MLA, OALA, CSLA Landscape Architect - The Landplan Studio Inc. Mark T. Steele (MLA, OALA, CSLA) has been practicing landscape architecture for over twenty years; designing unique spaces that are enjoyable, memorable and deliver value for businesses, communities, and individuals. Previously, as an Adjunct Professor, he regularly spoke to university classes about the professional practice of landscape architecture. His professional interests include cultural heritage landscapes and the development of future landscape architects, providing participant review in the Ontario !ƭƭƚĭźğƷźƚƓ ƚŅ \[ğƓķƭĭğƦĻ !ƩĭŷźƷĻĭƷƭ͸ Professional Development Programme. Since 2015, Mark has continued his practice of landscape architecture as President of The Landplan Studio Inc. Mark has been recognized by his peers from across Canada in the Canadian Society of \[ğƓķƭĭğƦĻ !ƩĭŷźƷĻĭƷƭ͸ .ĻƭƷ źƓ /ğƓğķğ Awards of Excellence programme for his work at both, the MacEwan Terrace at Riverwood (Mississauga) and for the City ƚŅ YźƷĭŷĻƓĻƩ͸ƭ /ǒƌƷǒƩğƌ IĻƩźƷğŭĻ \[ğƓķƭĭğƦĻ LƓǝĻƓƷƚƩǤ͵ Page 186 of 326 ASI